Third-world Nations Research Articles

Impact of Culture on the Girls’ Education: A Case Study of Kaduna State, Nigeria

The plight of girls’ education remains a pressing global issue, as highlighted by the United Nations’ recent publication on the International Day of Education, 2023. The UN emphasized that the world is failing 130 million girls, emphasizing that education for girls is crucial for “well-being and prosperity for all”. Despite concerted efforts by governments worldwide, particularly in third-world nations like Nigeria, significant challenges persist. This study investigates the impact of culture on the deprivation of girls from education in Nigeria, with a focus on Kaduna State. This research utilized a quantitative survey method and employed both secondary and primary data, including a sample of 488 respondents from all 23 local government areas. Statistical analyses, including frequency distributions, simple percentages, cumulative frequency mean deviation, and chi-square, revealed culture as the primary factor contributing to this deprivation. The findings underscore the urgent need for Nigeria’s government to implement more stringent measures to ensure compulsory education for all female children. Various recommendations are proposed to address this issue effectively.

Identifying The Factors Of Slums Development In Urban Areas Of Qasimabad, Sindh Pakistan

The term slum is often used to describe hectic settlements with poor facilities and bad living conditions. The majority of city dwellers reside in slums, which are typically deprived of the most basic utilities. According to UN-HABITAT's definition of slum refers to a group of people who live in close residences in urban areas and who require enough living space, long-term housing, access to consumption of water, and a proper sanitation system. Slums developed in Pakistan, like many other third-world nations, are a result of rising urbanization, and the government's incapacity to provide rural migrants in urban centers with housing needs. Hyderabad is one of the fastest-growing cities in the State that has seen significant industrialization. Qasimabad sub-local, being the area most affected by the urbanization process in the Hyderabad region, as a result, 3508 agricultural land parcels were turned into a housing development. The aim of this research is to identify the factors and slum development in urban areas of Qasimabad through the data collection process, specific observation is made, and reports are reviewed. Secondary data is collected in the form of census reports, master plans, and various evaluations, used to examine the issues with slums. However, the results show that the primary cause of the overpopulation of slums and environmental degradation in urban areas is the declination of secondary cities.

Carbon Monoxide Pollution and Limited Health Service Access in Third-world Countries

Despite its complexity, carbon monoxide is a key component of indoor and outdoor air pollution. While carbon monoxide arises from natural sources as well as human activities, the most detrimental exposure risks are within the domestic environment. In third-world countries like Guatemala, a notable positive correlation has been observed between severe respiratory diseases and the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air. This correlation can be attributed to these regions' housing conditions and daily lifestyle practices. Additionally, the limited healthcare services accessibility in third-world nations exacerbated the severity of domestic carbon monoxide poisoning cases. It is evident that effective healthcare interventions still need to be fully utilized in third-world countries, and thus, there is a need to move beyond identifying broad strategies and specific policies. Addressing the issues of carbon monoxide exposure and its impact on public health in these regions requires comprehensive approaches that take into account the challenges faced by these countries.
 To access carbon monoxide concentration in the household, EsayLog USB has been used in this study. The study reviews the amount of carbon monoxide present in certain villages with different conditions and high carbon monoxide concentrations, especially near fires using combustible fuels and houses at high altitudes. The study found that third-world countries' decision-makers should educate communities, build the environment to provide better medical access to the public and implement appropriate regulations to deliver better quality health care to people.

Unmasking Post-Truth Narratives: Interpreting “Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourse” through the Prism of Distorted Realities

Post-truth is built as a theory after its recognition by Oxford English Dictionary in 2016, as the word of the year because of the increasing usage by politically active communities and people, among them alt-right and Brexiteer was at the highest use this term in the US for denoting the political situation out there. Post-truth is majorly referring to or indicating situations in which appeals to emotion and personal conviction have a greater impact on public opinion than do factual facts. The signs of the origin of this term can be traced from the word “truthiness” coined by Stephen Colbert in 2005, which could be described as being convinced of something's truthfulness even though it isn't necessarily supported by the facts. Chandra TalpadeMohanty in her essay “Under the Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourse.” attacks the bogus Post-truth and monolithic statement of Western feminists and philosophers about third-world women regardless of their race, class, geographic location, or religion and without any knowledge about women of third world nation and their priorities. In order to get the superior position even in pointing out the difficulties faced by third-world women, the first-world feminists judging their way of daily routine in the light of subjugation, suppression, and ostracization, which could be seen through the post-truth theory. The essay was first published in 1986 as the opening chapter of Feminist without Borders. To make her point more clear Mohanty supports her statements with anti-post-truth examples, the gendered division of labour, the veiling of women, or women's financial dependency on males. According to Mohanty, unless these examples are taken into account in context, these data by themselves are not a useful source of knowledge. Western feminists' views will be incorrect and ineffectual in assisting the communities they are attempting to assist if they base them on these observable realities. So the approach of this paper is to analyze these post-truth statements with reference of the essay by Mohanty where she depicts the individual differences of third-world women and asks for strategic essentialism against these postcolonial and post-truth ways of presenting things by third-world nations.

Effect of Lactuca sativa supplemented diet on Poloxamer 407 induced hyperlipidemic albino rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Abstract. Ayo VI, Adondua MA, Morayo AE, Ekele JU, Amilo D, Ochuele DA, Ayantse LM, Barrah C, Abdulsalam IO, Eya SB, Iheanacho CC, Tibile ST, Mohammed RI, Barde CE. 2023. Effect of Lactuca sativa supplemented diet on Poloxamer 407 induced hyperlipidemic albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 21: 67-78. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have primarily contributed to the global disease burden. They represent the leading cause of mortality and healthcare expenditures in developed and third-world nations, responsible for approximately 30 percent of global deaths and 10 percent of global diseases annually. This study investigated the effects of a Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce) supplemented diet on Poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemic albino rats. Twenty-four (24) rats were grouped into six groups of treatments, i.e., four rats in each treatment. Treatments applied in this study were: control treatment (feed and water only), a P-407 induced without Atorvastatin, a P-407 induced treated with Atorvastatin, and P-407 induced with 10%, 30%, and 50% L. sativa supplemented diet. P407 was administered intraperitoneally at 1000 mg/kg body weight. Body weight was measured every three days for 14 days. Blood sample collection was carried out for the analysis of lipid profiles (High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL), Triacylglycerides (TAG), and Total Cholesterol (TC)) and liver function parameters (ALP, ALT, AST, GGT, TP, ALB and GLB). The liver and brain tissues were analyzed for lipid peroxidation levels. Results showed that induction of P407 resulted in a higher body weight gain (p<0.05) compared to other treatments. The treatment groups other than the P-407 treatment showed a significant decrease in Total Cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerides (TAG), and LDL cholesterol levels and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol. The TC, TAG, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels in treating P-407 with a 50% L. sativa-supplemented diet did not differ (P>0.05) compared to the control treatment. The atherogenic risk prediction indices indicated a decreased risk in the treated groups with Atorvastatin or L. sativa-supplemented diet. Furthermore, liver function parameters were better in the treatment groups with Atorvastatin or L. sativa-supplemented diet, including decreased liver function parameters and increased total protein, albumin, and globulin levels. The L. sativa-supplemented diet also exhibited anti-lipid peroxidation activity, as indicated by reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. In conclusion, the L. sativa-supplemented diet had hypolipidemic effects, anti-lipid peroxidation activity, and hepatoprotective effects, suggesting its potential as an antihyperlipidemic agent.

Assessment of the Euphrates River’s Water Quality at a Some Sites in the Iraqi Governorates of Babylon and Karbala

The majority of third-world nations with rivers running through them struggle with the issue of contaminated water. It is believed to be a very difficult challenge to get the water quality below the typical permitted levels for drinking, as well as for industrial and agricultural reasons, is thought to be a very difficult challenge. This study aims to assess the quality of water available to the governorates of Karbala and Babylon. measuring water quality with the water quality index It expresses the water quality as a single number by comparing results from the analysis of a number of physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters with current norms. The National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI), the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCMEWQI), the Oregon Water Quality Index (OWQI), the Weight Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI), the IRCA water quality index, and The Iraqi Water Quality Index (Iraqi WQI), which was used for irrigation and drinking, will all be compared in this context. Twenty one parameters were analyzed, including pH, EC, TDS, Tem, DO, BOD, COD, NO3, Alkalinity, CL, TH, Ca, Mg, Na, K, B, SO4, Salinity, TOC, E.Coli., Total coliform. The results for five stations during three season ranged between medium and excellent for the NSF classification, while ranged between poor-marginal in CCME classification, the results were for OWQI classification between poor-fair-excellent, in WAWQI classification the results were within unsuitable to excellent, IRCA classification indicated that all stations fall within sanitary infeasible and in the last IRAQI classification the results were between very bad to bad for drinking water as for irrigation of agricultural lands, it is not acceptable for irrigation.

Education: Then and Now - "A Comparative Study of Teaching Tools and Methodology"

This paper focuses on the paradigm shift of teaching-learning process and overall teaching methodology after Covid19 has hit the world. This paper shows the traditional and digital teaching-learning procedure and the challenges that are faced in Indian context. The education world for ages has been seasoned in a particular way of teaching-learning. The conventional teaching procedure followed certain rules which formed the doctrine of education system. The change though started long time back in 1960s, yet this was not totally acceptable as an effective method of teaching-learning. Conventional method still ruled the world and non-conventional (online) was considered as a distant substitute mode of learning. The entire world saw a paradigm shift in the education due to the pandemic that cornered every individual across the world. Blackboard changed to smart board and jam board or even PowerPoint presentation. Class rooms changed to Zoom Calls, Webex meeting, Google meet, Teams etc. Face to face discussion changed to online forums, Books changed to internet and YouTube. The shift is prominent. Though this was needed, yet it leads to noticeable changes in our society where many perceive online education as an obstacle to teaching-learning process. The digital divide in all the third-world nations has made this process one-sided. This has created a sociological divide.

Revisiting Aristotle’s Politics: Insights on Governance, Citizenship, and Democracy

Over time, there has been a growing ignorance of or disrespect for the fundamental nature, purpose, and conclusion of politics, particularly in third-world nations. Plato is more awed by the unity that penetrates objects, whereas Aristotle is more awed by diversity. As a result, Aristotle distinguished each science as having its own field by conducting extensive observation and minute analysis of objective facts, whereas Plato distinguished each science as having its own field by working deductively from his philosophical conceptions of virtue and the good. This has resulted in unpleasant conditions, such as bad governance and bad leadership, which have become the plague of politics in some regions. There is no denying the fact that a lack of clarity in understanding what politics is one of the signs that effective, ideal, or honest practice or reality of politics does not exist. Political philosopher and scientist Aristotle was the first to define politics and its topic, character, objective, or goal. He gave a definition of politics by identifying its core tenets, including art, science, ethics, the rule of law, education, etc. According to this perspective, there is an underlying relationship between politics, ethics, economics, and the state. In this paper, we want to define this relationship in great depth.

Impact of Ethnic Politics and Exploitation: An Analysis of Ice-Candy Man and Meatless Days

Third-world nations have a problem with ethnic and religious violence, which is examined in this research by Frantz Fanon. Pakistan, a formerly colonised country, falls under this category. Numerous writers have written works that address this subject, including Sara Suleri and Bapsi Sidhwa. This investigation focuses on ethnic politics and religious issues in Pakistan. India was divided in 1947, and the new countries of India and Pakistan were born. Nonetheless, since East Pakistan (Bangladesh) broke out in 1971 due to ethnic politics, significant issues with national identity have been highlighted. This study's main objective is to explain why ethnic politics and religious conflicts have become worse in Pakistan after it broke apart from previous United India. Governmental elites in developing countries abuse their population based on their ethnicity. As a result, racial and religious tensions in the country erupted. It helps to comprehend Fanon's views on neocolonialism in this case.The book Ice-Candy Man and the memoir Meatless Days were closely read (textually analysed) for this study.

An Electric Vehicle Analysis Model for Sustainable Environment in Devoicing Nationals

The usage of fossil fuels is regarded as the generation of energy alternative towards electric vehicles (EVs) in third-world nations for a cleaner transportation sector. The rapid development of EVs is the most effective solution, even if the short-term ecological benefits for third-world nations cannot cover the short-term expenses. Since ecological issues have opened the door for certain developing nations to catch up to the worldwide competition, it is important to weigh other options to bring EVs to the marketplace. Hence, the study proposes a model of neutrosophic set combined with entropy to deal with uncertain cases. The proposed model uses the single-valued neutrosophic to compute the weights of criteria and rank alternatives. A case study with three options, eight criteria, and ten alternatives are proposed to examine the EVs implementation decision-making procedure. The results show that the performance criterion as the best criteria in EVs. Consumers place a high value on the speed, maneuverability, and interior comfort of EVs.

Modeling the Impact of Overcoming the Green Walls Implementation Barriers on Sustainable Building Projects: A Novel Mathematical Partial Least Squares—SEM Method

The sustainable building concept must be implemented throughout the project lifecycle to achieve the highest proceeds without lowering the standard. Although implementing green walls in emerging nations is partial, such studies have concentrated on drivers for implementing green walls. Conversely, there is less proof to comprehensively study the impact of implementing green walls’ overall sustainable success (OSS) concerning the lifecycle of projects. This research focuses on the green wall adoption barriers in construction projects in third-world nations. It assesses the effect of addressing green wall (GW) adoption obstacles on OSS throughout the project lifespan. Therefore, a broader review of the literature is needed for conceptual model development. Structural equation modelling and partial least square (SEM-PLS) have been developed employing a survey evaluation tool (i.e., questionnaire). Information was derived from one hundred and five building professionals in Nigeria. The model output revealed that eradicating GWs barriers had a slight to intermediate influence on OSS during the construction scheme’s lifespan. These results offer the foundation for policymaking in third-world nations regarding successful project completion through evading barriers to green wall adoption. Similarly, green walls implementation will enhance the building project’s success.

Commentary | Shifting Winds in South Asia: Challenges for The Dragon, Eagle, Elephant and the Hidden Tiger

The old US-led world order, which has persisted in the region since the end of the Cold War, is now coming to a close. The rapid growth in China’s economic might has adorned it with grand ambitions to break away from the existing order and forge a new one where China once again retains hegemony in Asia. However, in the midst of the struggle, smaller powers now find a unique opportunity to play an active role in shaping the future by carefully balancing diplomatic ties between the two rival superpowers. Thus, the possibility of a multipolar world order yet remains, where a rising third-world nation such as Bangladesh may yet find room to play. This article briefly explores the Indo-Pacific geopolitical entanglement through the lenses of the US, China, India, and Bangladesh.

The Effectiveness and Safety of Percutaneous Cystolithotripsy for Vesicle Calculus in Children: A Single-Center Study

Background: Primary bladder stones are common among children from developing countries but may be difficult to cure. Transurethral cystolithotripsy, open cystolithotomy, and shock wave lithotripsy are the treatment modalities for vesical calculi in children. Transurethral lithotripsy is less efficient in children because of the small caliber of the urethra. PCCL is a less intrusive and efficient procedure for removing bladder stones in pediatric patients. Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine the safety and efficacy of PCCL in children with bladder stones in third-world nations. Materials and Methods: There was a search for( PCCL) in pediatric individuals diagnosed with vesical calculus. 90% male and 10% female total of 120 patients enrolled in the single-center trial at the Department of Pediatric Urology at the Institute of Kidney Diseases between January 2021 to January 2022. The surgery was performed under a general anesthetic. After a thorough inspection, a suprapubic puncture of the lower urinary tract (by cystoscopy) was done. The tract was only dilated up to 14 Fr. The stone was fragmented using pneumatic lithotripsy after passing the nephroscope. After 36 hours per urethral catheter was removed. Results: In this study, the mean age of the patients was 4.2.14 years. The majority of patients were kids. The average gem was 9.3 millimeters in diameter. Successful stone fragmentation and retrieval took place in an average of 40 min. The only major problems seen during or after surgery were hematuria, infection, and moderate mucosal injury; all three were managed conservatively. In 108 out of 120 cases (90%), ammonium acid urate was found to be the primary constituent of the stones and the core. Conclusion: The success rate of percutaneous cystolithotripsy in the treatment of bladder stones in children is higher, and it is ready for immediate use. The operation is quick and causes minimal discomfort. Keywords: Effectiveness, Percutaneous , Cystolithotripsy, Vesical Calculus, Children

Money Empire: Intelligent Assistant for Personal Finance Management

Abstract: Poverty, and debt are burning issues globally and especially in third-world nations such as Sri Lanka. The major contributing factor to poverty is poor personal financial planning resulting in being unable to make ends meet, forcing citizens to live mediocre lifestyles or even resort to debt or crime. Personal financial planning is one of the most crucial practices to overcome this situation namely: setting financial goals, tracking expenses, and meeting set budgets. In Sri Lanka, very few people keep track of their expenses, and a majority of those who do, follow manual methods which are error-prone and easily abandoned due to increased stress and complexity. This paper proposes a solution to automate the flow of personal finance management, requiring minimal effort from the user. The application detects SMS alerts received regarding Bank transactions and extracts transaction details. Users can easily upload their expense bills from which expense details will be fetched and processed. The app also allows users to split their bills with friends or family and track and settle their incoming and outgoing debts. Finally, the user can visualize their income and expense analysis at a glance and make better decisions to meet their financial objectives and all these features in one single application.

Crisis and Africa's tourism industry: A comprehensive review and agenda for future research

Although several studies have investigated crisis and crisis management in tourism, knowledge, and scholarship are limited in this field, especially in third-world nations like those in Africa. This paper presents a comprehensive review and synthesis of crisis management literature in Africa to address the gap in current understanding. The content-based analysis of 77 published articles from 29 journals provides a deeper understanding of Africa's tourism crisis research and scholarship trends. A three-stage integrative framework classifying crisis management literature/approaches was developed: pre-crisis, during-crisis, and post-crisis. This paper examines Africa's current and emerging tourism crisis issues identified in the analysis. It also discusses the implications of existing studies on crisis management research and outlines new research directions and implications concerning the COVID-19 pandemic.

URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN KERBALA GOVERNORATE CHILDREN, CAUSES AND INFLUENCING FACTORS

Urinary tract infections (UTI) is one of the most frequent types of bacterial infection in humans; children are not an exemption, UTI is so common among young ages; it caused by pathological germs (kidneys, bladder, urethra, prostate). It is one of the significant difficulties facing the health sector in third-world nations, affecting children of all ages. UTI is are one of the severe problems that place a financial burden on the healthcare system, as the number of incidents worldwide might exceed 150 million in a single year, and infants and children are more prone to the disease's risks. This study was conducted on (1334) children ( males 611/ 45.8%, females723/54.2%) between the ages of one day - 12 years who visited Karbala governorate hospitals and some children's clinics in the governorate to determine whether the injuries are related to the months of the year, the environment, the parent's educational level and if females or males are more affected. The number of samples that gave positive results was 525(66.62%), and the number of negative samples was 263(33.38%). This study showed that the highest percentage of positive samples was recorded in January 54(10.29%), and the lowest rate of infection was recorded on April 36 (6.86%). This study found significant differences in the distribution of disease cases between residents of the rural environment 356 (69.13% and residents of the urban environment 169(61.9%). The educational level of the parents directly and significantly affects urinary tract infections in children. The highest incidence of urinary tract infection was in school-aged 143 (27,24%). The lowest incidence was in newborns, 42(8.0%) among all gender. The study showed significant differences (0.05) in the distribution of injuries between males and females between different age groups, where the highest injury was recorded among females school-aged 102 (33.77%).

Towards a clean production by exploring the nexus between agricultural ecosystem and environmental degradation using novel dynamic ARDL simulations approach.

Agriculture, which serves as a lifeline for us, is unequivocally vital for an agriculture-dependent economy like Bangladesh, not only for its food supply but also because of its significant contribution towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1 and 2. However, in a third-world nation like Bangladesh, where farming practices largely circumvent the environmental consequences, raised our concern. In this milieu, this study is a novel attempt to explore the association between agricultural ecosystem and environmental degradation in Bangladesh using a long time spanning from 1972 to 2018. We observed a long-run association between the agroecosystem and CO2 emission. Further, findings from the dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (DARDL) simulation model revealed that the environmental quality of Bangladesh is heavily distorted by total cereal production, total livestock head, enteric methane emissions, N2O emissions from manure application, and CO2 equivalent N2O emissions from synthetic fertilizers in the short and long run, whereas agricultural technology, pesticide use in agriculture, and burned biomass crop residue deteriorated the environmental quality only in the long run. The counterfactual diagram entailed from the DARDL model projected the trend of CO2 emission in response to positive and negative changes in the analyzed variables. Lastly, this study established a causal relationship between the agroecosystem and environmental degradation using frequency domain causality. Indeed, our study will aid in reshaping agricultural practices in an eco-friendly manner to mitigate environmental degradation and help formulate pragmatic policy actions so that agro-lead nations can thrive in the race of achieving SDGs 1, 2, and 13.

Electronic Document Management System (EDMS) Implementation: Implications for the Future of Digital Transformation in Philippine Healthcare

The COVID-19 pandemic is raising concerns all around the globe, as many lives have been lost and families have been left without hope. The Digital Era has started, and many sectors, including healthcare, are adapting to the innovative human-machine integration that has developed. However, the new systems still offer benefits and limits that will influence certain nations' choice to accept this platform owing to their unique requirements and circumstances. The earliest electronic health records were developed in the early 1960s to store long-term patient data. However, it was not maintained since the system's foundation is very demanding, and medical practitioners stopped utilizing it. After a decade, the growth of technology was unavoidable, gradually altering areas such as business and healthcare. However, every development has ramifications. The implementation of the new system may enhance organizational performance, but there are still uncertainties, notably about sustainability and how it will affect the firm in the future. Now, sufficient medical documentation has long been a source of contention in the healthcare industry, and management should begin introducing new processes to address the underlying problem. If the government already has a system in place to ensure the country's long-term existence, this system should be used to ensure the consistency of each patient's medical records. Will an Electronic Document Management System (EDMS) adaptation in the Philippines, a third-world nation with a poor healthcare system, be the best option to modify and enhance medical care quality?

A Comprehensive Review of Nutritional Benefits of Minerals in Meat and Meat Products

Minerals are chemical elements that organisms require as a necessary nutrient to sustain good health at various stages of life. To support human biochemical processes, including structural and functional activity in the body, at least twenty mineral elements are required. However, inadequate consumption of these essential minerals in the human diet can result in metabolic problems, organ damage, chronic diseases, and death. Mineral deficiency affects roughly two billion people globally, the bulk of whom live in third-world nations. Among those, infants and pregnant women are more susceptible to the mineral shortage in the body. To avoid these deficiencies, humans need to consume muscle foods, which are superior sources of essential minerals, particularly zinc, selenium, phosphorus, iron, etc. compared to plant-based foods. Minerals derived from muscle foods are easier to absorb in the body than minerals derived from plant foods. However, the amount of essential minerals in muscle foods varies widely and depends on several factors, including nutrition, species, breed, sex, age at slaughter, muscle types, physiological status, production system, and post-mortem factors such as processing and analytical methods. The present study discusses the mineral composition of different muscle foods, factors affecting the mineral contents in different muscle foods and the beneficial and important roles that minerals play in human health.

Deforestation in india: A review

India's forest resources are rapidly diminishing. A number of studies on the loss of tropical rain forests in third-world nations have recently been published. Because there are few thorough and holistic research on long-term forest cover change, there is still a lot of ambiguity about the state of global forest cover. The purpose of this study is to create a multi-date forest cover database that characterizes and quantifies historical and current changes in India's natural forests. This study made it easier to figure out how the condition of Indian forest cover has changed over the past eight decades. We mapped the total area covered by forest cover, assessed the spatial tracking of changes in natural forests, estimated the rate of deforestation and afforestation, examined forest cover change by biogeographic zone and state, existing land use in deforested areas, the impact of environmental factors such as terrain on deforestation, and the implications of different definitions of forested areas.