Third Of Class Research Articles

Prototype of Mobile Application Oriented to the Educational Help for Blind People in Peru

The article focuses on the orientation of educational aids for blind people. The prototype was made with the Scrum methodology and the prototype design tool called Balsamiq was used. Its objective is to design Prototypes of mobile application oriented to educational aid for blind people in Peru so that they have a decent and adequate education. The prototype is represented by 4 sprints, the first of user validation, the second of user registration, the third of classes or courses and the last of videoconferencing. In the application, a validation of the existing or new user's data was performed, where the user accesses the courses, he/she takes, so that he/she can choose a class by voice message, choosing to have a videoconference with a teacher. The proposed result for blind people to have a proper education is to optimize the learning process, through a prototype application, for each user or student where they can adapt in their studies, in addition to having blind people to make appropriate decisions in education, in the same way enhance the skills that these people have in education with a prototype of help for blind people designed in a prototype mobile application in Peru.

Nursing interventions for School Age Children with Bronchial Asthma in a Rural Area

Background: Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases among children and adolescents. In recent decades, the prevalence of asthma and morbidity are increasing. It is a common cause of school absenteeism and limitation of activity in children. Aim: the study aimed to evaluate nursing interventions for school age children with bronchial asthma in a rural area. Subject and Methods: The study was conducted at primary school in rural area in Saft El- Laban El Giza governorate. Sample: Multi stage random sample technique (76) asthmatic children were selected. Tools: (1) child health record (2) self administer questionnaire (3) observation checklists. Results: as predisposing factors, majority (more than four third) of them had of previous problem related to respiratory system, more than half of study sample exposed to father smoking, 96.1% of asthmatic children had oil painted on their walls more than half of them had animals inside their home and majority (more than four third) had suffered from mosquitoes inside the house more than three third of school class had Poor ventilation and four third of class had blackboard and Study sample had improved total knowledge of asthma near one third, more than three third, about four third pre, post, and follow up respectively. Conclusion: there were improved the knowledge and practices of asthmatic children after nursing intervention program. Recommendations: the study recommended establish plan for periodical health educational program for asthmatic school children and their mothers to be conducted in inpatient, emergency department and outpatient clinics.

Evaluation of Microhardness and Microleakage of Class II Silorane-Based Composite Restorations Post-Photoactivation Silorane-Based Composite Restorations Post-Photoactivation Techniques Technique

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate effect of additional light curing on microhardness and microleakage at cervical third of class II silorane-based composite restorations. Methods: Class II cavities were prepared on the proximal surfaces of 20 human premolars. The specimens were randomly divided into two groups of 10. In both groups, class II cavities were restored incrementally (gingival, oblique buccal and oblique lingual) with silorane-based composite (Filtek P90) and cured (group1: occlusal curing; group 2: additional curing from buccal and lingual). The samples were immersed in 0.5% fuchsine and dye penetration was recorded at the four regions of the gingival floor. Also, Vickers hardness test was performed at a distance of 1 mm above the gingival margin. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA after the evaluation of normal data distribution with Kolmogorov–Smirnov test at the 0.05 level of significance. Results: The two photo activation methods significantly affected the hardness (p=0.005) and microleakage (p=0.045). Additional light curing increased Vickers hardness when compared to occlusal curing. Comparison of microleakage in different areas of the first group did not show any significant difference (p=0.240) but the differences were significant between the different areas of the second group (p=0.028). Additional light curing decreased dye penetration in the all depths. Only in the H3 and M3, curing technique showed a significant effect on the results. Conclusions: Additional light curing would cause in better hardness and less microleakage. Therefore it is suggested after initial occlusal curing.

Money & Menopause: The Relationship Between Socioeconomic Class and Awareness about Menopause in Women in Mumbai, India

The primary aim of this study is to determine the awareness regarding menopause and its treatment options among women in Mumbai, India and correlate the same with the social class of the subject. In addition, this study also attempts to identify the attitude of Indian women toward menopause. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-constructed semi structured questionnaire given to women between the ages of 35 and 55years, currently residing in Mumbai. The 192 women interviewed were then divided into 6 groups as per Prasad's Socioeconomic Classification (based on per capita monthly income) with 53% falling in class I and II and 47% in class III, IV and V. Although the study was conducted primarily at a charitable hospital, no subject was found who fulfilled the Class VI criteria. The study shows that two-thirds of class I, four-fifths of class II, less than half of class III, and one third of class IV and V are aware about treatment options for menopause which is a significant variation (χ (2) value=20.127, df=1, P<0.0001). We also found that once counseled, more than half the subjects of classes I to V were willing to accept treatment, which thus is not a significant variation (P=0.4659). Of the total subjects, more than half were relieved, one fourth frightened, and less than one fifth were uncertain about their feelings toward menopause. We thus conclude that there is a significant relationship between socioeconomic status and awareness about menopause treatment options while there is no relationship between socioeconomic status and acceptance of treatment for the same. A majority of the Indian women are relieved by the onset of menopause.

Age, Academic Performance, and Stimulant Prescribing for ADHD: A Nationwide Cohort Study

We evaluated whether younger age in class is associated with poorer academic performance and an increased risk of being prescribed stimulants for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This was a nationwide population-based cohort study, linking data from national registries of prescribed drugs and standardized scholastic examinations. The study population comprised all children born in 1994-1996 who took standardized tests in Iceland at ages 9 and 12 (n = 11 785). We estimated risks of receiving low test scores (0-10th percentile) and being prescribed stimulants for ADHD. Comparisons were made according to children's relative age in class. Mean test scores in mathematics and language arts were lowest among the youngest children in the fourth grade, although the gap attenuated in the seventh grade. Compared with the oldest third, those in the youngest third of class had an increased relative risk of receiving a low test score at age 9 for mathematics (1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6-2.2) and language arts (1.8; 95% CI 1.6-2.1), whereas at age 12, the relative risk was 1.6 in both subjects. Children in the youngest third of class were 50% more likely (1.5; 95% CI 1.3-1.8) than those in the oldest third to be prescribed stimulants between ages 7 and 14. Relative age among classmates affects children's academic performance into puberty, as well as their risk of being prescribed stimulants for ADHD. This should be taken into account when evaluating children's performance and behavior in school to prevent unnecessary stimulant treatment.

Examining Swedish profit and nonprofit child care: the relationships between adult-to-child ratio, age composition in child care classes, teaching and children’s social and cognitive achievements

Because of severe economic cuts in the child care budget in Sweden from 1990 to 1993, a sharp increase in the number of children in child care classes has been observed (Lidholt & Norrman, 1994). Average class sizes have risen throughout the country, although there are great differences between, and even within, communities. In the early 1980s, it was rare to have more than 15 children in a class. In 1993, one third of classes had at least 18 children. Simultaneously with the increase in classes, the number of employees in child care centers decreased. During the 1980s, there were, on average, four children per full-time employee. In 1993, the number of children per full-time employee had increased to as much as six (Lidholt & Norrman, 1994). New laws have also had a significant impact on the Swedish child care system. Until 1991, profit-run child care centers could not, based on Swedish law, receive public funding. The average annual cost for one child in public agencies was about $10,000 US in 1993. The federal government and funding from local authorities subsidized approximately 90% of the cost, with parental fees financing the remaining 10%. This made it impractical to run private child care without public funding. However, after 1991, the local This study investigated the effects of program auspice (nonprofit vs. profit child care), adult-to-child ratios (1:4.6 ‐1:8.7), and age span of the child care class on teaching and children’s social and cognitive achievement. The sample included 394 3- to 5-year-old children from 32 child care centers. Results show that the profit child care centers had larger child groups than nonprofit child care centers, a lower adult:child ratio, and a positive staff attitude toward teaching goals. Age, gender, social background, and age span of the child care class were significant predictors of children’s social and cognitive achievements. Adult-to-child ratio and teaching style did not prove to be good predictors of children’s social or cognitive achievements.