Gland Of Third Eyelid Research Articles

Enzyme histochemical characterization of orbital glands in fetuses of Indian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).

The orbital glands, viz. lacrimal gland, superficial and deep gland of third eyelid (LG, SGT and HG), are important for normal eye functions. These glands have different functions in various animals. The information about the enzyme histochemical nature of prenatal orbital glands in Indian buffalo seems to be unavailable. Therefore, the study was planned on orbital glands of six full term recently died fetuses from animals with dystocia. The frozen sections of all these glands were subjected to standard localization protocols for Alkaline Phosphatase (AKPase), Glucose 6 phosphatase (G-6-Pase), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Hydrogen Diaphorase (NADHD), Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Hydrogen diaphorase (NADPHD), Dihydroxy phenylalanine oxidase (DOPA-O), Tyrosinase, non-specific esterase (NSE) and Carbonic anhydrase (CAse). The results revealed a mixed spectrum of reaction for the above enzymes in LG, SGT and HG which ranged from moderate (for LDH in SGT) to intense (for most of the enzymes in all three glands). However, DOPA-O, Tyrosinase and CAse did not show any reaction. From the present study, it can be postulated that the orbital glands of fetus have a high activity of metabolism as it has many developmental and functional activities which were mediated with the higher activity of the enzymes involved.

Cloridrato de dexmedetomidina como medicação pré- anestésica ou sedativo em cães

Relata-se, dois casos, sendo que no primeiro, realizou-se cirurgia de OVH eletiva. Como MPA,utilizou-se 2,5 mcg/kg de cloridrato de dexmedetomidina e 0,2 mg/kg de cloridrato de metadonaIM. A recuperação anestésica foi tranquila e sem complicações e o animal foi extubado apóscinco minutos, recebendo alta do centro cirúrgico 30 minutos depois. No segundo caso,realizou-se cirurgia de sepultamento da glândula da terceira pálpebra. Como sedativo, utilizouse 3,5 mcg/kg de cloridrato de dexmedetomidina e, como analgésico, 0,2 mg/kg de cloridratode metadona IM. Ao término do procedimento cirúrgico, administrou-se 0,4 mcg/kg decloridrato de atipamezole IM. Decorridos 15 minutos o paciente recuperou-se completamente,podendo ser encaminhado para alta cirúrgica. Os dois procedimentos transcorreram comvalores de PAS e bradicardia elevados,efeitos característicos do uso da dexmedetomidina. Noprimeiro caso a PAS se manteve entre 150 e 180 mmHg, no segundo, entre 160 e 180 mmHg.A partir dos casos relatados, conclui-se que o emprego da dexmedetomidina foi benéfico,proporcionando adequada medicação pré-anestésica e sedação nos referidos pacientes.

Gross anatomy and morphometric evaluation of the canine lacrimal and third eyelid glands.

The lacrimal gland (LG) and the third eyelid gland (TELG) are two intraorbital glands that, in dogs, secrete the aqueous component of the tear film. Despite the central importance of these structures for maintaining ocular surface health, the gross anatomy of the glands remains understudied. We investigated the macroscopic morphometric characteristics of the LG and TELG in three different dog breeds. Twenty-six dog heads were dissected to expose the LG and TELG; the length, width, thickness, and weight of each were measured. During the dissections, the relationships between the glands and adjacent ocular structures and the blood and nerve supplies to the LG were photo-documented. The LG had a flat and irregular shape with morphological variations among dogs. The LG was located on the dorsolateral aspect of the globe underneath the orbital ligament. The average length, width, and thickness (SEM) of the LG (mm) were 16.5±0.7, 12.5±0.4, and 2.7±0.1 and of the TELG 10.5±0.6, 11.0±0.3, and 3.3±0.1, respectively. The mean weights (SD) of the LG and TELG (mg) were 315.7±21.1 and 263.3±13.2, respectively. Beagles were observed to have significantly smaller LGs compared to pit bull terriers and pointer mixed-breed dogs. The present study provides detailed normative anatomical and morphometric data for the LG and TELG. These data will aid researchers investigating alterations induced by disease states and should inform strategies for the local delivery of pharmacologic and cellular therapeutics.

Third eyelid in the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus): a morphological and histological study.

The Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) is native to parts of Asia, Iran. The purpose of this study was to describe the gross anatomy of the cartilage and histology of the superficial gland of the third eyelid of two adult mongooses. The animals, in terminal stages of disease and near death due to aging or unknown reasons, were referred from Park Zoo (Shiraz, Iran) to our center. By using a modified maceration technique, the morphological characteristics of the cartilage were examined. For histological examinations of the superficial gland of the third eyelid, the samples were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Also, to detect the elastic fibers in the cartilage sections were stained with orcein and Weigert's resorcin-fuchsin. The cartilage consisted of an ovoid appendix and a mild reverse sigmoid crossbar. Elastic fibers were scattered throughout the cartilage but were more concentrated in the center. The superficial gland of the third eyelid was compound tubuloacinar with serous acini.

Comparative Histological and morphometrical study of lacrimal apparatus of Awasi sheep and native black goat

The aim of the study was to explain general histological features of lacrimal apparatus of both animals. Eight pairs of Lacrimal glands, eight pairs of superior lacrimal glands of third eyelid and the same number of extra glandular duct system used for histological study. lacrimal glands were compound mixed tubuloacinar glands composed of serous, mucous and mixed acini (have both serous and mucous cells) . The percentage of acinar shape was greater than tubular shape of both glands of the studied animals, while the mucous acini were comparatively greater in lacrimal glands of Awasi sheep than those of black goat were. It was considerable increase in numbers of myoepithelial cells of secretory acini of lacrimal glands in black goat. The intercalated ducts were lined with low couboidal epithelium, then gradually increase in height to become stratified cuboidal to stratified columinar epithelium in both sheep and goat. It was noticed that the percentage of light cells and goblet cells within the wall of duct system inside the glands of Awasi sheep was greater than that of black goat, while the percentage of goblet cells in the wall of all parts of extra glandular duct system of the black goat was greater than that of Awasi sheep. There was a variable amount of smooth muscle fibers around the connective tissue of interlobular ducts especially in the superior lacrimal gland of third eyelid of black goat.

MORPHOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF SUPERIOR LACRIMAL GLAND OF THIRD EYELID IN CAMEL (CAMELUS DROMEDARIUS)

Summary In this study ten pairs of superior gland of third eyelid of 10 adult male camels free of apparent ocular disease were examined to compare the normal anatomical and histological properties of these glands. After dissecting, all of the glands were characterized and measured (length and width) on both the left and right side. In the camels, the superior gland of the third eyelid was oval shaped and irregular in outline. The gland was located within the orbit on the medial aspect of the eyeball in animals that possess a nictitating membrane. Posterior surface of the gland was convex and attached to the nictitating membrane. The anterior surface that is contacted with the bulb of the eye was concave. The mean length of the superior gland of the third eyelid was 28.7 ± 2.7 mm and 27.2 ± 2.4 mm in the left and right side, respectively in the anteriorposterior direction. The mean width was 17.4 ± 0.8 mm and 16.1 ± 0.9 mm on the left and right side, respectively in the superior-inferior dimension. There was significant difference between the width of the left and right superior gland of the third eyelid. The mean width of the left superior gland was greater than the right (P<0.05). The histology of the gland revealed secretary units of tubuloacinar and serous with scattered alveolar units. Secretory cells had the typical appearance of serous cells. Tubuloacinar units completely surrounded the hyaline cartilage of the third eyelid. The Masson Trichrome stained connective tissue septae surround the individual acinus and tubules in camel superior gland. Larger sheets of connective tissue with inter and intralobular ducts as well as veins and arteriols were found and separated the gland into lobules.