Thinning Agent Research Articles

Extreme-aged patients (≥ 85 years) experience similar outcomes as younger geriatric patients following chronic subdural hematoma evacuation: a matched cohort study

Subdural hematoma (SDH) evacuation represents one of the most frequently performed neurosurgical procedures. Several reports cite a rise in both the age and number of patient’s requiring treatment, due in part to an aging population and expanded anticoagulation use. However, limited data and conflicting conclusions exist on extreme-aged geriatric patients (≥ 85 years of age) after undergoing surgery. Patients undergoing SDH evacuation at a tertiary academic medical center between November 2013-December 2021 were retrospectively identified. The study group consisted of patients ≥ 85 years (Group 1) diagnosed with a chronic SDH surgically evacuated. A control group was created matching patients by 70–84 years of age, gender, and anticoagulation use (Group 2). Multiple metrics were evaluated between the two including length-of hospital-stay, tracheostomy/PEG placement, reoperation rate, complications, discharge location, neurological outcome at the time of discharge, and survival. A total of 130 patients were included; 65 in Group 1 and 65 in Group 2. Patient demographics, medical comorbidities, SDH characteristics, international normalized ratio, partial thromboplastin time, and use of blood thinning agents were similar between the two groups. Kaplan Meier survival analysis at one-year was 80% for Group 1 and 76% for Group 2. No significant difference was identified using the log-rank test for equality of survivor functions (p = 0.26). All measured outcomes including GCS at time of discharge, length of stay, rate of reoperations, and neurological outcome were statistically similar between the two groups. Backwards stepwise conditional logistic regression revealed no significant association between poor outcomes at the time of discharge and age. Alternatively, anticoagulation use was found to be associated with poor outcomes (OR 3.55, 95% CI 1.08–11.60; p = 0.036). Several outcome metrics and statistical analyses were used to compare patients ≥ 85 years of age to younger geriatric patients (70–84 years) in a matched cohort study. Adjusting for age group, gender, and anticoagulation use, no significant difference was found between the two groups including neurological outcome at discharge, reoperation rate, and survival.

Evaluating the sustainable cultivation of 'Fuji' apples: suitable crop load and the impact of chemical thinning agents on fruit quality and transcription

Evaluating the sustainable cultivation of 'Fuji' apples: suitable crop load and the impact of chemical thinning agents on fruit quality and transcription

MODELING OF APPLE CHEMICAL FRUIT THINNING

Crop load management in intensive apple orchards must be done precisely to produce a high yield with marketable fruit size. It also ensures the formation of flower buds on the tree for the next season and prevents alternative bearing. In addition to pruning, flower and fruit thinning is another management method that has a major impact on crop yield. Compared to other methods, chemical thinning is the cheapest, can be done quickly and allows fruit thinning at the right time, which guarantees better fruit quality. The decision on the type of chemical agent, concentration and timing of application is very complex and depends on the apple variety, flowering intensity and fruit growth phase, weather conditions during treatment and a few days after. Flower thinning is applied to very high-yielding varieties where fruit thinning is very difficult and tends to bear alternately. Ammonium thiosulphate or ethephon can be used for this purpose only in years with abundant flowering and in conditions where there is no risk of spring frosts. Regardless of whether flower thinning has been carried out or not, the fruits are chemically thinned in the period shortly after flowering. The usual chemical treatment(s) is (are) applied at the early stage of fruit development, when the diameter of the central fruits in a cluster on 2-year-old wood is 5 to 16 mm (in exceptional cases up to 20 mm). At this time, naphthalene acetamide (NAD), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 6-benzyladenine (6- BA), and metamitron are used to induce abscission of young fruit. These chemicals are used alone or in various combinations to improve the effect. If the thinning efficacy of the single application is weak, sequential applications of chemical thinners with different modes of action must be made 1-3 weeks after the previous application to reduce fruit set to a commercially acceptable level. To avoid under- or over-thinning of fruit of a particular variety, models that predict the effectiveness of chemicals based on short-term light and temperature forecasts are used to determine the optimal time to apply thinners. Immediately after the first application of thinning agents, the “fruit growth rate model” can be used for early assessment of apple tree response to thinning and the need for a new application.

Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for the Determination of Enoxaparin Sodium in Dry Injection Formulation.

Enoxaparin sodium is an anticoagulant medication that is used as a blood thinning agent. It is mostly used for the treatment and prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). It is also used in certain surgeries and during pregnancy. For the treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and heart attacks, it may be used. Enoxaparin sodium was validated by the RP-HPLC method. A simple RP-HPLC method was developed in a single HPLC run in a dry powder injection formulation. All injections of HPLC sample were 20 μL volume. The chromatographic separation was completed in the isocratic mode. The used column was USP-L8 (250 mm × 4.6 mm) of BDS type of 10 μm meters in the same mobile phase throughout the analysis by using methanol and ultrapure water with a ratio of 7:93, respectively. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The mobile phase was filtered through 0.45 μm filter paper, and isocratic elution was performed. The refractive index (RI) detector was used to analyze this sample. The specific peak of enoxaparin sodium was observed at 5:56 min. The calculated detection limit (LOD) was 0.351 ppm, and the calculated quantitation limit was 1.063 ppm. In repeatability of precision, the average calculated assay (%) was 100.85%, and the calculated RSD (%) was 0.01. In the accuracy test, the RSD (%) was 0.50, and the mean recovery (%) was 100.35. The system's suitability was within the limit. This newly developed method is proposed according to ICH guidelines, and rules and can be applied effectively for the exact estimation of enoxaparin sodium in injection formulation. This newly developed methodology is affordable in cost as long as less time is taken and the consumption of samples is in smaller quantities for every investigation. In medicinal chemistry, the USP (United States Pharmacopeia) and BP (British Pharmacopeia) are directly involved in production as well as in quality testing.

EFFECT OF FLOWER THINNING ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF ‘`STANLEY`’ PLUM (PRUNUS DOMESTICA L.)

Plum is the most important fruit crop for cultivation in Serbia. However, a small amount of plum fruit is sold as fresh fruit due to its poor quality. In order to improve fruit quality and obtain regular and high yield chemical blossom thinning agents were applied. The experiment was conducted on seven-year-old plum trees of cultivar `Stanley` which were planted on distance 5x5 m. Ammonium thiosulphate and ethephon were applied in the next treatments: 1) ammonium thiosulphate 1.5% (ATS); 2) ethephon 0.015% (E); 3) ammonium thiosulphate 1.5% + ethephon 0.015% (ATS + E); 4) hand thinning (HT); 5) untreated control treatment (UTC). Chemical thinning treatments were performed once during the phase of full bloom, while hand thinning treatment was performed after the fall of unfertilized fruitlets at the end of May. Parameters analyzed were yield, fruit size, fruit weight, pit weight, fruit firmness, fruit shape index, soluble solids content, total acid content and the amount of harvested fruits per time unit. The obtained results have shown that ATS + E, ATS and HT treatments significantly reduced the number of fruits on the trees compared to the control treatment. However, yield per tree was reduced significantly only in the ATS + E treatment. Other treatments compensated for the smaller number of fruits per tree with a significantly larger fruit size. Since the fruit size was larger on treated trees, the amount of harvested fruits per time unit was significant compared to control treatment. There were no significant differences among the applied treatments in terms of fruit firmness, soluble solids and total acid content.

Влияние нефтяного шлама на техническое показатели и фазовый состав легковесного кирпича на основе некондиционной глины

On the basis of substandard beidellite clay and oil sludge, a lightweight brick with high technical indicators was obtained. It is advisable to use oil sludge as a thinning agent and a burnout additive. The addition of an optimal amount of oil sludge (30%) to the ceramic mass makes it possible to obtain a lightweight brick of the M100 brand. Underthe optimal content of oil sludge in this work, such an amount is taken, at which the number of plasticity of the ceramic mass (charge) decreases from 18 to 10, since with a smaller number of plasticity of the charge, cracks appearon the products during molding. The study of the phase composition showed that the introduction of oil sludge into the composition of ceramic masses contributes to an increase in anorthite and the formation of diopside. Diopside contributes to the production of high-strength building ceramics in a composition with low-melting clays. Moreover,when diopside is introduced into the raw material, the hardening effect begins in the temperature range of 900-1050°C.

Influence of Casein Hydrolysates and Yeast on the Rheological Properties of Wheat Dough.

The influence of casein hydrolysates (CHs) and yeast on the viscoelasticity of wheat dough at 25 °C were analysed. Three wheat doughs were studied: the unyeasted dough (UYD), the unyeasted dough with CHs (UYD-C) and the yeasted dough (YD). The characteristic parameters in the linear viscoelastic range (LVER) were analysed by stress sweep at 6.3 rad/s: UYD-C dough exhibited higher values of stress (σmax) and strain (γmax) amplitudes, and softer gel network (lower complex modulus, G*) comparing with UYD dough. The oscillatory data suggest that CHs would work as (energy and time) stabilising-agents based on the greatest reticular energy (E parameter) and the lowest frequency dependence of phase angle (δ) at the low frequency range. The rotatory tests show that CHs may act as shear thinning agents in the gluten-starch network, facilitating the solid-fluid transition at the yield point (UYD-C dough). The yeasted dough (YD) exhibited a more shear sensitive structure, evidenced in the highest influence of frequency on the elastic (G') and viscous (G″) parameters, and gel to sol transition at 0.23 rad/s was observed.

Crop Load Management in Nashi Pear—A Review

Most nashi cultivars require heavy thinning, and this has traditionally been performed by the time and labour-intensive practice of hand thinning. Crop load management is a key cost driver for nashi production, but there are limited cost-effective options available for nashi growers compared to other pome fruit, especially apples and, to a lesser extent, European pears. There is, however, potential to adapt some of the thinning tools and techniques used in apples and European pears to reduce the labour requirements and high cost of thinning in nashi, thus improving industry profitability. Several chemical thinning agents have potential for nashi, and an understanding of the optimal application rates, times and weather conditions for each chemical, as well as the conditions/factors that impact the tree carbon balance, will improve the predictability of chemical thinning. However, it is difficult to target specific flowers/fruitlets within a cluster with chemicals, and the flowers that produce the preferred fruit shape and size are in the middle of the flower cluster. Mechanical thinning during the flowering period with either Darwin or BAUM-style string thinners has potential, particularly as these devices can be used as early as flower emergence. As for chemical thinning, the issue of non-selectivity needs to be addressed; however, the development of mechatronic systems should overcome most problems that occur with the currently available mechanical thinners. Shading at critical times is an avenue that could be explored further to ascertain the critical stage when developing fruit are susceptible to enable the determination of the optimal timing and duration of shading. Targeted pruning and bud thinning during the dormant winter period to reduce the floral bud numbers is a valuable option for the precise placement of fruit in optimal positions and to set up the required number of clusters. This review highlighted several tools/techniques that, with further work, can be incorporated into a systematic approach to crop load management in nashi while reducing the risk and cost.

Concentration and time of application of Metamitron as an apple post-flowering thinning agent in apple trees

Concentration and time of application of Metamitron as an apple post-flowering thinning agent in apple trees

Impact of vaping ethanol on the roadside field sobriety test in a clinical setting

Recent studies have shown that electronic cigarette (e-cig) liquid formulations (e-liquids) can contain ethanol, sometimes in concentrations greater than 20%. Ethanol, rarely listed as an ingredient in e-liquids, is often used as a thinning agent, to dissolve insoluble substances, or added intentionally for consumption. Ethanol in e-liquids has been demonstrated to be aerosolized by e-cigs. Ethanol within the aerosol can be absorbed across mucosal membranes in the mouth, and also within deep lung tissue based on mean-mass particle size diameter. Preliminary Breath Tests (PBT) and Evidentiary Breath Tests (EBT) are conducted to measure ethanol in exhaled breath, with a 15–20 minute wait period, and Standardized Field Sobriety Tests (SFST) evaluate several operant conditions to assess ethanol impairment. Literature on impacts of vaping ethanol is limited. An evaluation to assess the impact of vaping ethanol from e-liquids is essential for law enforcement officers (LEO), medical review officers, ethanol treatment and recovery providers, workplace drug testing, and court mandated drug testing. This study evaluated the impact of inhaled ethanol via vaping on the SFST, PBT, and EBT for thirteen participants using a blind two-by-two experimental design under Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) IRB HM20015064 and in collaboration with the Virginia Department of Forensic Science, the Center for the Study of Tobacco Products at VCU, VCU Police Department, and City of Richmond Police Department. E-liquids were made by a commercial manufacturer at concentrations of 0% and 20% ethanol. Ethanol concentrations were verified in-house using a Shimadzu HS-20 headspace attached to a Nexis GC-2030 gas chromatograph with dual flame ionization detectors. Stability studies were performed monthly to ensure sample suitability prior to clinical use. Thirteen participants were enrolled into the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. They vaped either one or ten puffs of an e-liquid (0% or 20% ethanol). LEOs assessed indicators of impairment by following a study design incorporating SFSTs, PBTs, and EBTs at predetermined intervals. Ethanol concentrations within the e-liquids were determined to be stable at −20 °C for the duration of the study. Positive breath ethanol results ranged from 0.007–0.030 and 0.013–0.043 g/210 dL by PBT immediately after using a 20% ethanol e-liquid when vaping one-puff and ten-puffs, respectively. All subsequent PBTs were negative for ethanol. No ethanol or instrument error was detected by EBT for any vaping scenario, at any timepoint. Impairment was not indicated by SFST. A well-designed human clinical study with robust and relevant collaborations between a crime lab, police departments, and a research university is important to address pertinent questions to forensic science. Breath ethanol concentrations were detectable by PBT immediately after vaping an e-liquid containing 20% ethanol. The results demonstrated the standard wait period of 15–20 minutes employed by LEO before administering a PBT for roadside stops was effective in negating vaping-related false positive breath ethanol results. Vaping ethanol also did not impact SFST results. Results should be considered for other contexts of ethanol testing, such as workplace testing and vehicle ignition interlock systems.

Endometrial ablation techniques in treating menorrhagia.

Menorrhagia is a frequent gynecological problem that is clinically described as excessive blood loss of 80 mL per menstrual cycle. It has the potential to lower their quality of life and to induce anemia. Medical therapy has typically been the first line of treatment; however, it is frequently ineffectual. Hysterectomy, on the other hand, is clearly 100 percent effective in stopping bleeding, but it is more expensive and can cause serious problems. So, the endometrial ablation is preferred when the endometrial layer is destroyed or removed during the procedure. To "ablate" (remove) the endometrial lining, a variety of procedures has been devised. The gold standard resectoscopic procedures (laser, transcervical endometrial resection, and rollerball) require hysteroscopic visualization of the uterus and while safe, necessitate expert surgeons. Several innovative procedures have lately been developed, the majority of which may be conducted blindly and take less time. Many nonresectoscopic procedures are still in the process of being developed, refined, and investigated. This article discusses the various techniques and procedures used in endometrial ablation, the importance of the physician using endometrial thinning agents because success rates are higher when thinning agents are used, and the importance of women understanding the complications mainly related to pregnancy. Women should be helped to make informed management decisions by discussing the risks and benefits of each treatment with their consultant. Since there are many treatment options available, with no one option being superior in all respects, patient preference and treatment preferences should be considered when deciding on management.

Получение сейсмостойкого кирпича на основе вторичных энергетических ресурсов без применения природного традиционного сырья

Smeared soil from oil production with an increased content of calorific value is advisable to use not only as a thinning agent, but also as burnout additives for the production of ceramic materials. Obtained on the basis of large-tonnage waste: combustible shale – shale clay, oil and gas processing complex – smeared soil and nanotechnogenic waste of petrochemical production — catalyst IM - 2201 without the use of natural traditional materials earthquake-resistant brick with high physical and mechanical properties.

Dynamic thermal aging of water-based drilling fluids with different types of low-rank coals as environmental friendly shear thinning additives

This paper focuses on the development of a drilling fluid system that satisfies both environmental and technical requirements, acting as an environmentally appropriate alternative to oil or synthetic-based drilling fluids. The effectiveness of two types of low-rank coals (leonardite & lignite) as shear-thinning additives on the rheological behaviour and filtration control in drilling fluids after dynamic thermal aging is investigated. The most suitable model that best describes their rheology is the Herschel-Buckley model over the entire range of shear rates and all temperature levels. Dynamic thermal aging influences the yield stress at zero shear rates, the consistency index, the flow behaviour index of the Herschel-Buckley model as well as the yield point and plastic viscosity of the Bingham-Plastic model. Despite their geochemical differences, the addition of both low-rank coals in the drilling fluids improves the yield stress and yield point build-up with temperature increase and maintains them within acceptable values compared with coal-free drilling fluids. The highest aging temperature under dynamic conditions deteriorates significantly the rheological and filtration control parameters. For the specific concentration of additives and dynamic thermal aging, the temperature of 177 °C appears to be an upper thermal bound which the drilling fluids lose their design purpose. It is also demonstrated that considerable energy is required to change both the plastic viscosity and the yield point of the proposed drilling fluids with both low rank coals showing their effectiveness as shear thinning agents to maintain the desired low shear strength and yield point after dynamic thermal aging.

Phase composition of earthquake-resistant bricks fired at various temperatures based on inter-shale clay and aluminium-containing slag from the production of metallic chromium

Most low-melting (brick-tile) clays in the Russian Federation are classified as semi-acidic and acidic, and not baked with a high content of coloring oxides (Fe 2 O 3 > 3 %) and a low content of aluminum oxide (12‒15 %). With such a content of aluminum oxide in clay components, it is impossible to get bricks of M150 or more grades from them. For the construction of load-bearing walls of the lower floors of high-rise buildings (10 floors or more), ceramic bricks of the M150‒M300 grades are required. In this work, a ceramic earthquake-resistant brick was obtained based on waste oil shale-inter-shale clay used as a clay component and aluminum-containing slag from the production of metal chromium, used as a thinning agent without the use of natural traditional raw materials. Earthquake-resistant bricks fired in the temperature range of 1050‒1100 o С had a grade of M150‒М175. Studies of the phase composition of ceramic bricks showed that at a temperature of 1100 o С in had a grade of M150‒М175. Studies of the phase composition of ceramic bricks have shown that at a temperature of 1100 oС, mullite is formed in the samples.

Polysorbates as potential apple thinning agents

Polysorbates as potential apple thinning agents

Molecular modeling of the interaction of ligands with ACE2-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein complex.

COVID-19 is a new communicable disease with a widespread outbreak that affects all populations worldwide triggering a rush of scientific interest in coronavirus research globally. In silico molecular docking experiment was utilized to determine interactions of available compounds with SARS-CoV-2 and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) complex. Chimera and AutoDock Vina were used for protein–ligand interaction structural analysis. Ligands were chosen based on the known characteristics and indications of the drugs as ACE inhibitors (captopril, enalapril, quinapril, moexipril, benazepril, ramipril, perindopril, zofenopril, fosinopril), as ACE2 blockers (losartan, olmesartan), as blood thinning agent (clopidogrel), as cholesterol-lowering prescriptions (simvastatin, atorvastatin), repurposed medications (dexamethasone, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine), and as investigational drug (remdesivir). Experimental ACE/ACE2 inhibitors are also included: Sigma ACEI, N-(2-aminoethyl)-1-aziridine-ethanamine (NAAE), nicotianamine (NAM), and MLN-4760 (ACE2 inhibitor). The best docked conformations were all located in the ACE2 protein, 50% docked at the interface with lower scores and only clopidogrel and hydroxychloroquine docked at the spike protein. Captopril, moexipril, benazepril, fosinopril, losartan, remdesivir, Sigma ACEI, NAA, and NAM interacted and docked at the interface of ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein complex. This may have significant implication in enhancing our understanding of the mechanism to hinder viral entry into the host organism during infection.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-021-00114-w.

Recommencement of anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy following non-operative management of a Chronic Subdural Hematoma - Is there an optimal time frame?

Background: There is no consensus among clinicians regarding recommencement of antithrombotic agents following conservative management of a Chronic Subdural Hematoma (cSDH). Thus, the primary objective of this study was to determine the most commonly recommended interval and whether the data reveal a general consensus that should be adopted.Methods: A retrospective analysis of Salford Royal Foundation Trust’s Neurosurgical referral database for patients referred with a cSDH between March 2017 and March 2020 was carried out. Patients were sorted by whether they were on blood-thinning medications.Results: Over the 3-year period, there were a total of 1220 referral and 1099 patients. 502 (41.14%) of these referrals and 479 (43.59%) patients were on one more blood thinning agent. Of these patients 221 (46.13%) conservative management, there was a clear male predominance (M: F ≈ 2.5:1) in this cohort. 2 weeks was the most commonly advised time-frame (n = 76, 36.36%) to withhold. Of the 234 referrals, there were 13 (5.88%) re-referrals in total. Crucially, there was no significant difference in reaccumulation rates between patients asked to withhold their blood thinners for 2 weeks versus those asked to stop for longer than 2 weeks (P = 0.57).Conclusion: For the majority of bleeds, there is no clear benefit from asking patients to withhold their anticoagulant/antiplatelet for longer than 2 weeks. In cases, where it is deemed appropriate to stop for longer than 2 weeks, clear instructions should be provided and documented along with reasons behind the decision.

Recycling of Slag from the Smelting of Ferro in the Production of Earthquake Resistant Brick Based on Clay Beidellite

A method for producing ceramic earthquake-resistant bricks based on beidellite clay used as a binder and slag from the smelting of ferrotitane used as an aluminum-containing thinning agent is considered. The resulting brick corresponded to the M150 brand, from which it is possible to build buildings of more than 10 floors.

Efficacy of an Eco-Friendly Bloom Thinning Formulation on Mango Trees and Its Olfactory Effect on an Insect Pollinator, Apis mellifera

In various orchard fruit trees, thinning of blossoms and fruits is important to increase fruit size and quality and to promote a new bloom in the following season. Several chemical thinning agents are currently commercially available, but they are inconsistent and produce side effects in crop plants and insect pollinators. Because of environmental concerns, developing alternative eco-friendly bloom thinning agents is necessary. We developed an eco-friendly bloom thinning formulation (BTF) using minerals and extracts of various medicinal plants. Our BTF spray (0.1%, w/v) decreased the number of fruits per tree (46.5%) and fruit yield per tree (81.5%) but increased the fruit weight (196.8%) compared with the control treatment; the spray induced a small number of larger mango fruits in the treated trees. We also investigated the effect of BTF on the olfactory behavior of Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera, Apidae), a major insect pollinator. We analyzed the behavioral changes of adult workers at two different concentrations (0.1% and 1%) of nine different BTF spray components using a Y-tube olfactometer. The behavioral responses of honey bees to nine BTF components showed significant differences. However, honey bees showed no clear attraction or repellent behavior towards the tested BTF components. Our results suggest that the newly developed eco-friendly BTF is practically applicable in mango orchards without interrupting honey bee behavior.

Assessing the Outcome of Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate by Age, Prostate Volume, and a History of Blood Thinning Agents: Report from a Single-Center Series of >1800 Consecutive Cases.

Purpose: To assess perioperative outcomes of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in a real-world scenario and with a focus on demanding patient factors, such as large prostate size, advanced patient age, and anticoagulation therapy (AT). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed HoLEP procedures at our institution between 2010 and 2016. After stratification by prostate volume, age, and AT, perioperative and early voiding characteristics were compared. A multivariable regression model was employed to identify predictors of prolonged time of catheterization (defined as being above group's median). Results: The study cohort consisted of 1816 men with a median age of 71 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 66-76), a median prostate volume of 80 mL (IQR: 58-105), and American Society of Anesthesiologists score ≥3 in 618 men (34%). Median time of enucleation and morcellation was 43 minutes (IQR: 31-60) and 10 minutes (IQR: 6-18), respectively. Perioperative blood transfusions were administered in 44 (2.4%) cases, severe postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥3b) occurred in 61 (3.3%) cases. The median time of catheterization was 2 days (IQR: 2-2), with prolonged catheterization occurring in 277 (15%) cases. After adjustment, large prostates (fourth volume quartile [106-280 mL]) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3-2.6, p = 0.001), therapeutic low-molecular-weight heparin bridging regimen (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.4-3.6, p = 0.037), low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0-2.2, p = 0.015), and a history of direct oral anticoagulation (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2-4.0, p = 0.022), but not patient age, were independently associated with prolonged catheterization. Conclusions: We confirm HoLEP as safe and efficient; however, patients with large prostates and patients with a history of AT are at risk of prolonged catheterization.