In this paper, sandwich structures with different forms of webs are prepared by fused deposition modeling technology. The effect of the concave and convex shape of the web and its position on the mechanical properties of sandwich structure is explored. The different constraints are implemented on the sandwich structure by encasing thin-walled rectangular tube externally and filling polyurethane foam internally, respectively. Then, a sandwich structure with both rectangular tube and polyurethane foam, namely, rectangular tube encased foam-filled sandwich structure is proposed to synergistically enhance the sandwich structure. The encased rectangular tube strengthens the sandwich structure and avoids the failure of the whole structure under small strain. Rectangular tube encased foam-filled sandwich structure reduces the oscillation in the plateau stage of compressive curve and has the highest mechanical properties.