Thin Red Line Research Articles

Learning to See: Wittgenstein and Perception in Terrence Malick’s The Thin Red Line

Learning to See: Wittgenstein and Perception in Terrence Malick’s The Thin Red Line

The thin red line: Blood planning factors and the enduring need for a robust military blood system to support combat operations.

Battlefield lessons learned are forgotten; the current name for this is the Walker Dip. Blood transfusion and the need for a Department of Defense Blood Program are lessons that have cycled through being learned during wartime, forgotten, and then relearned during the next war. The military will always need a blood program to support combat and contingency operations. Also, blood supply to the battlefield has planning factors that have been consistent over a century. In 2024, it is imperative that we codify these lessons learned. The linchpins of modern combat casualty care are optimal prehospital care, early whole blood transfusion, and forward surgical care. This current opinion comprised of authors from all three military Services, the Joint Trauma System, the Armed Services Blood Program, blood SMEs and the CCC Research Program discuss two vital necessities for a successful military trauma system: (1) the need for an Armed Services Blood Program and (2) Planning factors for current and future deployed military ere is no effective care for wounded soldiers, and by extension there is no effective military medicine.

Enlightenment Ireland and the Concept of World Peace

Ireland’s paradoxical status within the British empire has been thoroughly researched and theorised. Ireland can now be imagined as both a subject nation and a recruiting ground for imperial profiteers. The thin red line emerges as disproportionately green while research into the slave trade reveals heavy Irish investment. Meanwhile eighteenth-century European imperialism flourishes alongside the earliest theorisations of “World Peace”, whether figured spatially as “universally peace” or temporally as “perpetual peace”. The Abbé Saint-Pierre’s influential work Projet pour rendre la paix perpétuelle en Europe (1713) attracted the appreciative attention of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Immanuel Kant. Scholars debate the credibility of such projects, but their influence was considerable. Saint-Pierre’s notion of a European union which can arbitrate to prevent war fascinates, but it ignores conflicts arising from competitive global colonisation and by freezing pre-existing frontiers it may crush nationalist aspirations. What is Ireland’s place in the imagining of a world without war in the eighteenth century? To what extent is Ireland complicit in the entrenched injustices of a Pax Britannica and to what extent does a projected demilitarised world offer prospects for genuine self-determination? Looking at verse which celebrates the conclusion of various eighteenth-century conflicts, this article considers celebrations of the idea of “Peace” from Irish literary (and sub-literary) sources and attempts to consider the mixture of hopes and fears that animate understandings of how particular conflicts are concluded. The ways and means whereby “peaces” are extended in the literary imagination give a clue to versions of “enlightened” Irish futurity.

The thin red line.

This sonnet is a brief symbolic meditation on the brevity of life and the "thin red line": by turns blood (stream/supply and life-giving), a boundary to be crossed (the Rubicon), the limit of our medical (and surgical) endeavors, and finally our horizon. "The thin red line" is also a metaphor for resistance, attributed in part to Kipling's poem Tommy: in particular to resilience by the few, against ostensibly superior forces. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The thin red line: Refocusing data protection law on ADM, a global perspective with lessons from case-law

This article explores existing data protection law provisions in the EU and in six other jurisdictions from around the world - with a focus on Latin America - that apply to at least some forms of the processing of data typically part of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) system. In particular, the article analyzes how data protection law applies to “automated decision-making” (ADM), starting from the relevant provisions of EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Rather than being a conceptual exploration of what constitutes ADM and how “AI systems” are defined by current legislative initiatives, the article proposes a targeted approach that focuses strictly on ADM and how data protection law already applies to it in real life cases. First, the article will show how GDPR provisions have been enforced in Courts and by Data Protection Authorities (DPAs) in the EU, in numerous cases where ADM is at the core of the facts of the case considered. After showing that the safeguards in the GDPR already apply to ADM in real life cases, even where ADM does not meet the high threshold in its specialized provision in Article 22 (“solely” ADM which results in “legal or similarly significant effects” on individuals), the article includes a brief comparative law analysis of six jurisdictions that have adopted general data protection laws (Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, China and South Africa) and that are visibly inspired by GDPR provisions or its predecessor, Directive 95/46/EC, including those that are relevant for ADM. The ultimate goal of this study is to support researchers, policymakers and lawmakers to understand how existing data protection law applies to ADM and profiling.11The authors thank the reviewers of the CPDP Latin America 2022 Conference and this journal for their suggestions to improve the draft paper. We also thank our colleague Stefania Medrano for her research and translation support into Latin American jurisdictions.

The Modal Future

<i>The Modal Future</i>

The thin red line between the immune system and cancer evolution

The cancer immunoediting theory describes the dual ability of endogenous antitumor immunity to inhibit or promote progressing cancers. Tumor-specific neoantigens arising from somatic mutations serve as targets for the endogenous T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity and therefore possess a crucial role for tumor development. Additionally, targeting these molecules is conceptually appealing because neoantigens are not expressed in healthy tissue and therefore confer less toxicity and greater specificity when used in therapeutic interventions. Moreover, intratumor neo-antigenic heterogeneity is believed to play a pivotal role in the activation of adaptive immunity and in the efficacy of immunotherapies that are based on immune checkpoint inhibition. In this respect, mutual interactions between tumor cells and immune lymphocytes regulate the levels of antitumor immunity, but also shape tumor heterogeneity through the selective outgrowth of tumor subclones. Therefore, the exploration of the mechanistic pathways and the identification of the genomic aberrations underlying the clonal evolution of tumors is considered mandatory for improving the clinical outcomes of therapies, as it will assist in the selection of the appropriate therapeutic decisions so as to delay, avoid, or overcome resistance through the identification of the most effective therapeutic strategies.

Детерминизм и проблема актуальности будущего

Introduction. This article raises the question of the role of determinism in the formation of the Thin Red Line hypothesis. This hypothesis is one of the few branches of logic which address the problems of determinism and actual future. The author considers how certain logical and philosophical preconditions led to the formation of the Thin Red Line hypothesis as a compatibilist view, according to which in the presence of an open branched future that provides indeterminism, one can argue that the future is in some way directed toward actual history. Theoretical analysis. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of deterministic arguments in the works by Arthur Prior and Peter Ohrstrom. The author considers the idea that the initial effort to overcome theological determinism through Thin Red Line hypothesis within a temporal logic encountered a number of other deterministic problems that undermine the foundation of Thin Red Line hypothesis. In particular, emphasis is placed on the fact that the Thin Red Line hypothesis has certain problems with expressing the relevance of the future. The arguments against Thin Red Line hypothesis by Belnap and Green are described in detail. Conclusion. An assessment of the current state of Thin Red Line hypothesis and possible directions for further research on this topic are explored.

Receptivity, Simultaneity: The Thin Red Line as Ecological Cinematic Poesis

I adapt Robert Sinnerbrink's notion of cinematic poesis by arguing that Terrence Malick's The Thin Red Line constitutes an example of ecological cinematic poesis: a style of filmmaking that works in concert with the limits and potentialities of the filmmaking as a medium. This cinematic bearing emerges in a new way following Malick's return to Hollywood, where a combination of factors spur the emergence of a radical Emersonian practice of cinematic receptivity. I draw on oral histories, and the film itself, to demonstrate how Malick's creative process consistently tends towards an ethos of poverty. To further pattern and illuminate the ecological stakes of this Emersonian stance, I draw on the complementary framework of second-order systems theory, and in particular, on Niklas Luhmann's concept of simultaneity. In so doing, I outline the layered nature of Malick's cinematic praxis – a doubled Emersonian receptivity which not only invites defamiliarizing depictions of warfare and the nonhuman, but also welcomes, and toys with, the otherness haunting technical images and human cognition. As such, The Thin Red Line, and its immediate counterparts, perform the ecological work of reframing the conditions of wonder, asking us to marvel not at what we have seen, but what we haven’t.

In a “Rabelaisian Mood”: Laughter, Shock, and Cowardice in James Jones’s "The Thin Red Line"

In a “Rabelaisian Mood”: Laughter, Shock, and Cowardice in James Jones’s "The Thin Red Line"

СЮЖЕТ О КРЫМСКОЙ ВОЙНЕ (1853-1856) В БРИТАНСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ

The real goals of the Crimean war, which took place in the middle of the 19th century, were unclear to the general British public initially and completely forgotten over time. However several cult works, images and characters have survived in the collective national British memory: a poem by a poet-laureate Alfred Tennyson «The charge of the light brigade», the «thin red line» motif, legendary Florence Nightingale. Thus the historical events are forgotten, and those things that are kept by culture overcome the time.

We Are All Africans: A Highly Personal Migratory View of the History of Hepatitis B.

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The Discovery of the Hepatitis D Virus: Three Princes of Serendip and the Recognition of Autoantibodies to Liver-Kidney Microsomes.

The Discovery of the Hepatitis D Virus: Three Princes of Serendip and the Recognition of Autoantibodies to Liver-Kidney Microsomes.

The thin red line between species – genomic differentiation of Gymnosoma Meigen, a taxonomically challenging genus of parasitoid flies (Diptera: Tachinidae)

AbstractIn traditional taxonomy, species are differentiated using morphological arguments, which can be subjective and cause confusion particularly when the initial species descriptions have been inadequate. The development of DNA‐based methods has provided more objective tools to recognize and quantify species differences, as well as enabled the detection of cryptic that is morphologically indistinguishable, species. Conversely, we show here that large‐scale, genome‐wide analysis of 11 427 loci and 65 825 SNPs is mostly unable to differentiate between many of the currently valid Palearctic species of bug‐killing parasitoid flies in the genus Gymnosoma Meigen (Diptera: Tachinidae), despite the proposed morphological differences. We conclude that alongside a few well‐defined taxa with discrete morphological features and unique DNA barcodes, Palearctic Gymnosoma is likely to contain a single, highly variable and geographically widespread species.

The Invisible Thin Red Line

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to argue that the adoption of an unrestricted principle of bivalence is compatible with a metaphysics that (i) denies that the future is real, (ii) adopts nomological indeterminism and (iii) exploits a branching structure to provide a semantics for future contingent claims. To this end, we elaborate what we call Flow Fragmentalism, a view inspired by Kit Fine's non‐standard tense realism, according to which reality is divided up into maximally coherent collections of tensed facts. In this way, we show how to reconcile a genuinely A‐theoretic branching time model with the idea that there is a branch corresponding to the thin red line, that is, the branch that will turn out to be the actual future history of the world.

The Thin Red Line, Molinism, and the Flow of Time

In addressing the problem of the (in)compatibility of divine foreknowledge and human freedom, philosophers of religion encounter problems regarding the metaphysics and structure of time. Some models of temporal logic developed for completely independent reasons have proved especially appropriate for representing the temporal structure of the world as Molinism conceives it. In particular, some models of the Thin Red Line ( $$\mathsf {TRL}$$ ) seem to imply that conditionals of freedom are true or false, as Molinists maintain. Noting the resemblance between Molinism and $$\mathsf {TRL}$$ models, Restall (Molinism and the thin red line. In: Perszyk K (ed) Molinism: the contemporary debate, pp 227–239, 2011) has advanced some criticisms of Molinism that have also been leveled against $$\mathsf {TRL}$$ models. In particular, Restall believes that the implication $$p \rightarrow \mathbf {HF}p$$ is not true in $$\mathsf {TRL}$$ models. Because Molinists must also accept that this implication is not true, this is a problem for them. We will show that Restall’s criticism is wide of the mark. Firstly, it will be demonstrated that in many open future models (not just $$\mathsf {TRL}$$ ) the implication $$p \rightarrow \mathbf {HF}p$$ is invalid. Secondly, while it is possible to account for this implication, some modifications are required in respect of the branching time semantics. In proposing one such modification, we show that this new semantics can be adopted by advocates of the $$\mathsf {TRL}$$ and, as a consequence, by Molinists as well. We conclude that the principle stated by Restall is either a problem for many open future models (not just for Molinists) or can be accounted for by these models and so is not a problem for Molinists either.

Policing through subsidized firepower: An assessment of rational choice and minority threat explanations of police participation in the 1033 program*

Policing through subsidized firepower: An assessment of rational choice and minority threat explanations of police participation in the 1033 program*

Nature scaled to body: literary adaptation, space, and genre in Terrence Malick’s The Thin Red Line (1998) and G.W. Pabst’s Westfront 1918 (1930)

ABSTRACTThe issue of filmic adaptation of literature in Terrence Malick’s The Thin Red Line (1998) has roused a wide range of responses from critics. A comparison to another important war adaptation – G.W. Pabst’s Westfront 1918, of Ernst Johannsen’s novel Four from the Infantry – reveals various issues relating to adaptation, particularly how filmmakers foreground embodied affect as a means to convey a novels’ anti-war message. Although many critics and scholars have cited F.W. Murnau’s Tabu (1931) as an influence, the comparison to Westfront yields more intriguing parallels, particularly in how the two adaptations work with, and against, the war genre. The films vary core elements of the syntax of the war genre in parallel ways, including: the diegetic distance from home; the scaling of the plot from individual to nation (and back again); and the deliberate transformation of scenic landscape into subjugated territory. These embodied and affective parallels in the adaptations complicate the visual hegemony that Paul Virilio has influentially emphasized, as well as the relationship among the perception-, movement-, and time-images in Deleuze’s Cinema model.

The thin red line - postmenopausal abnormal uterine bleeding with endometrial thickness less than 4 mm.

Aim of the studyTo evaluate the risk of endometrial malignancy in postmenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) with endometrial thickness ≤ 4 mm.Material and methodsHistological assessment of endometrial samples obtained via hysteroscopy or curettage was performed in 57 women.ResultsWomen with premalignancy or malignancy (24.6%) had higher endometrial thickness (by 9.7%, p = 0.01) compared to women with benign condition. Out of 12 women with atypical hyperplasia (21.1%), 5 women (8.8%) were diagnosed with simple and 7 women (12.3%) had complex hyperplasia, whereas 2 (3.5%) were diagnosed with malignancy.ConclusionsPostmenopausal women with AUB and endometrial echo ≤ 4 mm are less likely to have a malignant condition. However, the role of histological evaluation cannot be undermined, especially in women at high risk of endometrial cancer, and routine endometrial biopsy should be considered. We recommend a change in the cut-off to 2 mm in routine practice.

“Strangers and pilgrims”: The migrant archetype in the cinema of Terrence Malick

The migrant archetype is a prevailing motif of the cinema directed by Terrence Malick to date: most of his main characters share the condition of being displaced or nomadic people. This article is focused on analysing six films –belonging to different periods of Malick’s filmography– in which this condition is significantly emphasized: Days of Heaven (1978), The Thin Red Line (1998), The New World (2005), The Tree of Life (2011), To the Wonder (2012) and Knight of Cups (2015). The aim of this study is to reflect upon the central role of the migrant archetype in the works of Malick, showing to what extent the essential features of this archetype are inherited from United States mythology. In the end, this connection between film and myth is due to a common ground: on one hand, the thought of Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson about the idea of America, revisited in the last decades by the philosopher Stanley Cavell; on the other, the legend of the first New England settlers, in which the biblical theme of exodus and the figure of the pilgrim are fundamental. Thus, I aim to prove how –and explain on what grounds– both in the construction of Malick’s migrant characters and in the mythic representation of the American migrant the same feature stands out: the condition of “stranger and pilgrim”.