Quadriceps Muscle Of Thigh Research Articles

STUDY OF MUSCLE SYSTEM TENSION OF WHEELCHAIR BASKETBALL PLAYERS

The aim of the research is to study the athletic effectiveness of wheelchair basketball players, considering neuromuscular system functional condition, associated with changes in the tension of arm biceps and quadriceps muscles, thigh quadriceps muscle and large pectoral muscles. The use of the myotonometry method to determine the functional capabilities of the athletes’ limb muscles is necessary not only as an addition to the clinical picture, but also as an important stage for assessing sports criteria. The results obtained make it possible to determine muscle local exhaustion and take appropriate measures (change the training regime, prescribe appropriate recovery procedures, etc.), which helps to avoid an ineffective training course.The information content of myotonometry increases with dynamic observations. Special attention should be paid to the description of individual indicators of the muscle tone amplitude as an integrative indicator of the functional state of basketball players neuromuscular system.

Состояние нейромоторного аппарата нижних конечностей у детей с болезнью Легга — Кальве — Пертеса

With the methods of global and stimulation electromyography, we examined 10 healthy boys aged 7 to 9 y. o. and 10 boys of the same age with a unilateral damage of a hip joint at the III–IV stages of Legg — Calve — Perthes disease. Compared to healthy subjects, all the examined patients had reduced amplitude of the evoked electrical activity of a quadriceps muscle of thigh and a soleus muscle, as well as increased thresholds and reduced maximal amplitude of М— and Н-responses of the soleus muscle. Prolonged epidural analgesia led to the increase of the amplitude of the evoked electrical activity in the soleus muscle only. At the same time, the thresholds of Н-responses of the soleus muscle were reduced and the share of reflexively stimulated motoneurons innervating it increased. Thus, the carried out treatment generally improved the condition of the central link of the neuromotor apparatus.

Effects of different analgesia methods on early mobilization after knee join replacements

Rationale. Knee join replacement is accompanied by intensive pain syndrome. Prolonged blocks of branches of sciatic and femoral nerves are the most effective. Apart from sensory block and analgesia some types of blocks cause motor block of lower extremities, particularly quadriceps muscle of thigh which may prevent patients mobilization. In this connection, the choice of anesthesia strategy is significant concerning the use of prolonged blocks of the branches of sciatic and femoral nerves maintaining the motor function of the lower extremities with adequate analgesia.
 The goal of the study is to select a method of pain relief after knee replacement that provides adequate analgesia while maintaining the motor function of the lower limb muscles.
 Material and methods. The investigation was carried out in patients undergone knee join replacement according to standard procedure. The operation was performed under combined anaesthesia: spinal anaesthesia plus prolonged block of tibial nerve and femoral nerve or femoral triangle block with perineural space catheterization. The block with the use of local anesthetic in the analgesic concentration for postoperative analgesia during 3 postoperative days. All participants were divided into four groups according to the combinations of the blocks.
 Results. The combination of block of branches of sciatic and femoral nervessignificantly improves the quality of postoperative analgesia on the first postoperative day. The block in femoral triangle (subsartorial) in comparison with the block of femoral nerve is accompanied by significantly less weakness of quadriceps muscle of thigh at the equal analgesic potency.
 Conclusions. Maintaining the motor function of quadriceps muscle of thigh with the use of the prolonged block in femoral triangle for analgesia can be of certain advantage for patients mobilization in the early postoperative period (fast track).

Muscle group excision is an effective and safe surgical treatment for soft tissue sarcoma of thigh

Objective To evaluate the local recurrence rate, limb function and complications of soft tissue sarcoma of thigh after muscle group resection. Methods Between January 2009 and August 2016, twenty-threepatients who were diagnosed as soft tissue sarcoma for the first time in our hospital, receiving thigh quadriceps muscle group resection, adductor muscle group resection or posterior compartment of the thigh resection were incorporated into this study. Patients who had received surgery of this lesion before, suffered from recurrent soft tissue tumor, had tumor involved multiple muscle groups which could not be resected completely, had sciatic nerve or femoral artery or vein affected by tumor or had distal metastasis were excluded. This retrospective study consisted of 12 male and 11 female. The age ranged from 20-80 with the average of 52. All the patients received CT and MRI of thigh to figure out the size of tumor, the invaded extension of the lesion and the specific muscle group involved. Chest CT scan and ultrasound of bilateral inguinal lymph nodes were arranged to exclude the tumor metastases. After all these examinations were done, needle biopsy with the guidance of CT scan was performed for the pathological diagnosis. The pathology included undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (7 cases), rhabdomyosarcoma (2 cases), primitive neurotodermal tumor (1 case), synovial sarcoma (1 case), leiomyosarcoma (3 cases), fibrosarcoma (5 cases) and liposarcoma (4 cases). Sixpatients received quadriceps muscle group resection, eightpatients received adductor muscle group resection and the other 9 patients received posterior compartment of the thigh resection. Patients with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, primitive neurotodermal tumor and synovial sarcoma received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. None of patients received radiotherapy. After surgery, drainage tube of negative pressure was placed until the volume of drainage was less than 50 ml within 24 h. The affected thigh was bound up tightly. Intravenous antibiotics were used for 3 days to prevent from postoperative infections. Patients received quadriceps muscle group resection stayed in the bed for 4 weeks. After that they could walk with the protection of orthosis with unbending position. Other patients got out of bed after 2 weeks. All the complications after surgery were recorded. Reexaminations were arranged in 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery separately. After that, reexamination was arranged every half a year. Chest CT scan was used to detect lung metastasis and ultrasound or MRI was arranged for local recurrence. Lower limb function after surgery was evaluated by MSTS scores. Results All the surgeries of muscle group excision were successfully completed. The duration of surgery ranged 1.5-3.5 h with the average of 2.2 h. The bleeding volume during surgery ranged 100-1 100 mL with the average of 313 mL. The follow-up was a mean of 41 months (range, 17-108 months). None was lost to follow-up. The local recurrence rate was 4.3% (1/23). One patient with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma had positive surgical margin, who received posterior compartment of the thigh resection. Local recurrence occurred 6 months after surgery. Then he received expanded resection. Six patients had distant metastases, five patients for lung metastases, one patient for lung and inguinal lymph node metastases. Of these, five patients had died and one lived with the metastasis. The median MSTS score was 26.3 points (range, 14-30 points). Specifically, the median musculoskeletal tumor society (MSTS) score was 28 points (range, 21-30 points) for 9 patients with posterior compartment of the thigh resection, twenty-nine points (range, 27-30 points) for 8 patients with adductor muscle group resection, and 20.3 points (range, 14-24 points) for 6 patients with quadriceps muscle group resection. Five patients had complications, including local recurrence (1 case), hematoma (2 cases) and cutaneous necrosis (2 cases), all of which were settled by reoperation. The rate of complication was 21.7%. Conclusion Muscle group resection is an effective surgical treatment for soft tissue sarcoma of thigh, which could reduce the risk of local recurrence, apart from quadriceps muscle group resection, the other two muscle group resections have limited impact on lower limb function, additionally, thigh muscle group resection is a safe procedure with few complications. Key words: Sarcoma; Pathology, surgical; Neoplasm recurrence, local; Treatment outcome

Aerobic capacity and force-velocity characteristics in cross-country skiers at the end of preparatory period and at the beginning of period of competitions

The goal of this study is to compare the dynamics of aerobic and force–velocity characteristics of the shoulder girdle muscles and leg muscles during high-volume aerobic training in junior cross-country skiers in the time interval from the end of the preparatory period to the beginning of the competition period. Eleven junior cross-country skiers were repeatedly tested from December to February. In this period, the volume of aerobic training was 22–23 h per week. During the experimental period, the knee extensors torque in the range of angular velocities of 30–300 degrees/s was observed to decrease, with no changes in the volume of the quadriceps muscle of thigh and knee flexor muscles. The maximal oxygen consumption rate (VO2 max) was observed to decrease by 6% (P < 0.05) in the treadmill test, while the oxygen consumption at anaerobic threshold (VO2 at La = 4 mmol/L) was unchanged. On the contrary, the functional capacity of the shoulder girdle muscles was enhanced. The force-velocity characteristics of the shoulder girdle muscles that were estimated in the maximal anaerobic power test at a double poling ergometer increased by 16% (P < 0.01), and the volume of the triceps muscle of arm increased by 4.6 (P < 0.01). The aerobic capacity of the shoulder girdle muscles that were estimated by the VO2 at La = 4 mmol/L increased by 30% (P < 0.05). The potential for increasing the performance of junior cross-country skiers seems to be associated with the increased functional capacity of the shoulder girdle muscles.

셀프 피트니스 의류 개발을 위한 근전도 센싱 위치 연구

Recently, interest in monitoring health and sports is growing because of the emphasis on wellness, which is accelerating the development and commercialization of smart clothing for biosignal monitoring. In addition to exerciseeffect monitoring clothing that tracks heart rate and respiration, recently developed clothing makes it possible to monitor muscle balance using electromyogram (EMG). The electrode for EMG have to attached to an accurate location in order to obtain high-quality signals in surface EMG measurement. Therefore, this study develops monitoring clothing suitable for different types of human bodies and aims to extract suitable range of EMG according to movements in order to develop self-fitness monitoring clothing based on EMG measurement. This study identified and attached electrodes on six upper muscles and two lower muscles of ten males in their 20s. After selecting six main motions that create a load on muscles, the 8-ch wireless EMG system was used to measure amplitude value, noise, SNR and SNR (dB) in each part and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 20.0. As a result, the suitable range for EMG measurement to apply to clothing was identified as four parts in musculus pectoralis major; three parts in muscle rectus abdominis, two parts each in shoulder muscles, backbone erector, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, and musculus biceps femoris; and four part in quadriceps muscle of thigh. This was depicted diagrammatically on clothing, and the EMG-monitoring sensing locations were presented for development of self-fitness monitoring.

Effect of Patellar Taping on Quadriceps Muscle of Knee Joint

This study aims to examine the effect of patellar taping common to patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome on the change of knee joint location. The total number of participants is 12 patients with no pain in their knee. There are three different experiments: no-taping, placebo taping, and patellar taping. After application, they squat on their hams. As a result, both the muscle activity of vastus medialis and that of vastus lateralis increased in placebo taping compared to no-taping, which wasn't statistically significant. However, the muscle activity of vastus medialis and that of vastus lateralis decreased in patellar taping compared to no-taping, which was statistically significant. This suggests that patellar taping causing the lateral attraction of knee joint is more influential to the dynamics of knee joint than skin afferent input in placebo taping. Therefore, patellar taping is effective to change the location of knee joint, affect the muscle activity of quadriceps muscle of thigh, and thus correct the misalignments of the knee joint.

Isokinetic Eccentric Exercise of Quadriceps Femoris Does Not Affect Running Economy

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether running economy is affected by isokinetic eccentric exercise designed to cause muscle damage. Twenty-four young healthy men performed 120 maximal voluntary eccentric actions at each thigh's quadriceps muscle at an angular velocity of 60 degrees .s. The participants were then randomly divided into 2 equal groups, 1 of which exercised 24 hours later, while the other group rested. Muscle damage indicators (i.e., serum creatine kinase, delayed onset muscle soreness, and eccentric, concentric, and isometric peak torque) and running economy indicators (i.e., oxygen consumption, pulmonary ventilation, respiratory exchange ratio, respiratory rate, and heart rate during treadmill running at 2.2 and 3.3 m.s) were assessed prior to and 48 hours following the eccentric exercise. All muscle damage indicators changed significantly in both groups (p < 0.05) in a way suggestive of considerable muscle damage. Running economy indicators of the exercise group demonstrated only an elevation of respiratory rate at 48 hours (p < 0.05) and a tendency to lower economy compared to the resting group. It can be concluded that isokinetic eccentric exercise applied to the quadriceps femoris muscles did not affect running economy 48 hours later and that resting during this period tended to result in more economical running compared to exercising at 24 hours.

Vaccination of mice with recombinant nucleic acid vaccine encoding the integral membrane protein Sj23 and cytokine IL-12 elicits specific immune responses against schistosoma japonica

To develop a Schistosoma japonica integral membrane protein Sm23 or Sj23 combined with murine IL-12 DNA-base vaccine against schistosomiasis. Plasmids pVIVO2-Sj23 and pVIVO2-IL12-Sj23, expressing the integral membrane protein Sj23 of Schistosoma japonica and/or murine IL-12 were constructed. The plasmid pVIVO2-IL12-Sj23 was transfected into the human embryonic kidney cells of the line 293. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of Sj23 mRNA in the 293 cells. Indirect immunofluorescence test was used to detect the expression of Sj23 protein. Fifty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 equal groups to be injected with pVIVO2-IL12-Sj23 plasmid DNA, pVIVO2-Sj23 plasmid DNA, pVIVO2-IL12 plasmid DNA, pVIVO2 blank vector, and normal saline respectively into the quadriceps muscle of thigh. Four weeks after each mouse were infested with 40 +/- 2 cercariae of Schistosoma japonica. Six weeks after the infestation the mice were killed to calculate the load of schistosoma and the amount of eggs per gram (EPG) of liver so as to calculate the worm reduction rate and egg reduction rate after the vaccination. Before immunization, 4 weeks after immunization, and 6 weeks after immunization blood samples were collected from the caudal veins of mice. With soluble egg antigen (SEA) and adult worm antigen (AWA) ELISA was used to detect the serum IgG level. Western blotting was used to detect the serum specific anti-Sj23 IgG level. Six weeks after the cercaria challenge single splenocyte suspension was prepared. Splenocytes were cultured with SEA, and concanavalin A (ConA). ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-4 and IFN-gamma in the supernatant. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the subgroups of splenocyte. + Forty-eight hours after the transfection, RT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescence test showed expression of Sj23 mRNA and protein in the HEK-293 cells. The worm reduction rate was 45.53% and the egg reduction was 58.35% in the pVIVO2-IL12-Sj23 group, significantly higher than those in the monovalent vaccine pVIVO2-Sj23 group (27.23% and 33.93% respectively, both P <0.05). ELISA and Western blotting analysis showed that the level of IgG specific for Sj23 significantly increased 4 weeks after vaccination in the pVIVO2-IL12-Sj23 and pVIVO2-Sj23 groups without significant difference between these 2 groups (P > 0.05). After stimulation of ConA and SEA the level of Th1 type cell factor IFN-gamma was higher and the level of the Th2 type cellular factor IL-4 was low in the supernatant of suspension of splenocytes of the pVIVO2-IL12-Sj23 group. FCM showed the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ subgroups of the murine splenocytes of all experimental groups were all significantly lower than those of the normal mice (all P < 0.001 approximately 0.02). However, there was no significant difference in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio among the experimental groups (all pVIVO2-IL12-Sj23 is sufficient to elicit significant levels of protective immunity against Schistosoma japonica challenge infection. IL-12, a cytokine and a gene adjuvant, is able to induce Th1 responses and hence the protective immunity.

Immunization with targeted fusion anticaries DNA vaccine via intramuscular route:experiment with murine

Objectives To observe the expression of a targeted fusion anticaries DNA vaccine pGJA-P in muscular in vivo. To compare the levels of specific antibodies and anticaries efficacy generated by pGJA-P and fusion anticaries DNA vaccine pGLUA-P in gnotobiotic rats,and observe the kinetics of antibody responses in BALB/c mice. Methods (1) Twelve 28-day-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups of 6 rats to be injected with the plasmid pGJA-P containing the signal peptide and extracellular regions of human CTLA 4,hinge and Fc regions of human IgG,the glu sequence of gtfB gene and A-P fragment of pac gene of Streptococcus mutans or the eukaryotic expression plasmid pCI into the quadriceps muscle of thigh respectively. Three days after the rats were killed and specimens of quadriceps muscles of thigh were taken. Immunohistochemical SP staining was used to examine the in situ expression of pGJA-P. (2) Twenty-four 18-day-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6 rats. The rats were fed with cariogenic food. During the age of 20～22 days cariogentic food containing broad-spectrum antibiotics was fed. Then aseptic cotton stick was used to swab the oral cavity and be smeared onto the solid medium so as to observe the growth of bacteria under anaerobic culture for 48 hours. During the age of 24～26 days,S. mutans Ingbritt cultured anaerobically was swab onto the surface of teeth of the rats twice with an interval of 30 minutes. After the inoculation aseptic cotton stick was used to wipe the oral cavity and be smeared onto the solid medium so as to observe the growth of bacteria under anaerobic culture for 48 hours. When the gnotobiotic rats were 28 days old they were injected with pGJA-P,pGLUA-P,fusion anticaries DNA voccine against both PAc,cell surface proteon antigen,and glucosyltransferase (GTF),pCI or normal saline into the quadriceps muscle of thigh respectively,2 weeks later a booster shot was given. When the rats were 63 days old their saliva and blood samples were collected. The serum IgG and salivary IgA were assayed by using ELISA. The gnotobiotic rats were killed and their maxillary bone the mandibles were isolated. The anticaries effect was evaluated by Keyes caries scores. (3) Twenty-four 4-week-old BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6 mice: to be injected with pGJA-P,pGLUA-P,pCI,or normal saline respectively into the quadriceps muscles of thigh,2 weeks later a booster shot was given. Before the injection and every 2 weeks after the immunization specimens of saliva and blood were collected. The serum IgG and salivary IgA were assayed by using ELISA. Results (1) Recombinant protein could be detected in the quadriceps muscles of the rats immunized with pGJA-P,but not in the muscles of the rats immunized with pCI. (2) The levels of serum anti-PAc IgG (1∶200 000)and anti-GTF IgG (1∶58 000) of the rats immunized with pGJA-P were significantly higher than those of the rats immunized with pGLUA-P (1∶23 000 and 1∶11 000 respectively) (both P 0.01). The levels of salivary anti-PAc IgA (1∶8) and anti-GTF IgA (1∶6) of the rats immunized with pGJA-P were significantly higher than those of the rats immunized with pGLUA-P ( 1∶2 and 1∶2 respectively) (both P 0.01). The Keyes scores of the pGJA-P group were significantly lower than those of the pGLUA-P group and the control groups (all P 0.01). The effective serum IgG and salivary IgA in the pGJA-P group and effective serum IgG in the pGLUA-P group all persisted to the end of the experiment. (3) Two weeks after the initial immunization the serum anti-PAc IgG level of the mice immunized with pGJA-P increased remarkably,4 times that of the mice immunized with pGLUA-P,and 33 times those of the mice injected with pCI or normal saline. Two weeks after the booster immunization,the serum anti-PAc IgG level of the mice immunized with pGJA-P was 14 times that of the mice immunized with pGLUA-P,and 117 times those of the mice injected with pCI or normal saline. The serum anti-PAc IgG of the mice immunized with pGJA-P reached its