Thickness Of Palatal Mucosa Research Articles

Evaluating palatal mucosal thickness in orthodontic miniscrew sites using cone-beam computed tomography

PurposeTo comprehensively analyze the palatal thickness of soft tissues and determine optimal regions for the placement of palatal orthodontic miniscrews.MethodsCone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images on the coronal plane were obtained from 60 patients (30 female, 30 male; age range 19–45; mean age 32 ± 11), with 3-mm intervals in the regions of the canine (Ca), first premolar (Pr1), second premolar (Pr2), midpoint between the first and second molars (M1-M2), first molar (M1), second molar (M2) and midpalate.ResultsThe mucosal thickness measurements between the teeth showed significantly greater thickness in the Ca region at the 3 mm point, in the Pr1 region at the 6 mm point, and in the Pr2 region at the 9 and 12 mm points. At the 9 mm point, the Pr1 region demonstrated greater thickness than the M1-M2 whereas the Pr2 region was thicker than the M1 and M1-M2 regions. At the 12 and 15 mm points, the thickness increased from anterior to posterior: the Pr1 region was thinner than the Pr2, M1, and M2 regions and the Pr2 region was thinner than the M2 region. A schematization was devised for the optimal areas recommended for miniscrews in the palatal region.ConclusionThe mucosal thickness in the palatal region increases from anterior to posterior except the midpalatal region. Based on the results, in terms of soft tissue, the most suitable place for miniscrew placement is 6 mm from the gingival margin of the teeth and in the median portion of the palate. The findings may guide clinicians in choosing the optimal sites for palatal mini-implants.

A comparative study of the application of three digital imaging techniques to assess the thickness of the palatal mucosa of the maxillary anterior teeth

BackgroundThis study highlights the need for precise and efficient methods to measure palatal mucosal thickness in the maxillary anterior teeth, particularly for soft tissue augmentation in the aesthetic zone. The research evaluates three digital imaging techniques, suggesting that Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) combined with intraoral scanners (IOS) is a promising approach for reliable clinical assessment.MethodsTen volunteers with healthy periodontium were selected, and three methods were employed: CBCT-based indirect gingival imaging, modified soft tissue CBCT (ST-CBCT), and CBCT combined with IOS. Measurements of palatal mucosal thickness were taken at multiple points along the palatal gingival margin. Statistical analysis included Bland-Altman plots for method agreement and intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) analysis for reliability. All measurements were standardized, repeated for consistency, and accurate to 0.01 mm to ensure reliability.ResultsThe Bland-Altman plots showed that less than 5% of the points for palatal mucosal thickness differences measured by the gingival indirect radiographic method, modified ST-CBCT, and CBCT combined with IOS were located outside the 95% limits of agreement (LoA). The mean value of the differences was within 0.2 mm, indicating good clinical agreement among the three methods. The inter- and intra-study ICC values for palatal mucosal thickness measurements of the maxillary anterior teeth using the three CBCT methods were greater than 0.75 (P < 0.001), demonstrating reproducibility.ConclusionsBased on the evaluation of three digital imaging techniques, this study indicates that the combination of CBCT with IOS is a feasible method for measuring palatal mucosal thickness in the maxillary anterior teeth and demonstrates good reproducibility.

Comparison of Microsurgical and Conventional Techniques for Augmentation of Keratinized Mucosa Around Dental İmplants

Objective: This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of periodontal microsurgery with conventional periodontal surgery in keratinized mucosa augmentation around the implant. Materials and Methods: Ten patients with at least 2 implants with a keratinized mucosal width of &lt; 2 mm were included. Free gingival graft (FGG) was applied in the test group with the microsurgery technique whereas in the control group with the conventional periodontal surgery technique. Keratinized mucosa width (KMW) and palatal mucosal thickness (MT) were measured at baseline and 3rd month. Graft shrinkage(GS) was evaluated at the 3rd month. Donor site wound healing was evaluated at the 10th day and 3rd month. Feedback forms were collected on the 10th day. Results: KMW values increased significantly in both groups at 3rd month compared to baseline. The percentage of GS was lower in the test group at 3rd month, but this difference was not significant. MT values in the test group were closer to the baseline values at 3rd month compared to the control group. Wound healing scores were similar in both groups at the 10th day and 3rd month. Postoperative pain levels decreased more rapidly in the test group. Conclusion: The microsurgical technique provides a faster increase in palatal mucosal thickness and lower graft shrinkage during the healing period and an earlier reduction in postoperative pain levels.

Dental Soft Tissues and Palatal Masticatory Mucosa from the Periodontal and Radiographic Perspectives: A Review Article

This review article delves into the advancements in the assessment and management of palatal masticatory mucosa, with a particular emphasis on the thickness of the palatal mucosa and its implications for periodontal and peri-implant surgeries. It highlights the pivotal role of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in evaluating Thickening of the palatal mucosa, despite its inherent limitations in soft tissue visualization. The paper discusses the evolution of mucogingival surgery, including the classification of marginal tissue recession and soft tissue grafts, and examines the histology of palatal mucosa. It also evaluates the indications, predictability, and clinical as well as aesthetic outcomes of free gingival graft (FGG) &amp; connective tissue graft (CTG) procedures. Various methodologies to measure palatal mucosa thickness are explored, alongside strategies to overcome CBCT's limitations in soft tissue assessment. The review underscores the significance of a comprehensive understanding of palatal masticatory mucosa's anatomy and histology, alongside the surgical techniques available for managing mucogingival deficiencies. It aims to enhance the predictability and aesthetics of periodontal and peri-implant surgeries through advancements in diagnostic and surgical techniques, coupled with a deeper understanding of tissue biology.

Assessment of palatal mucosal thickness and location of the greater palatine foramen using cone-beam computed tomography: a retrospective study.

This study aimed to measure the palatal mucosal thickness and examine the location of the greater palatine foramen using cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT). In this study, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of the maxillary posterior region of 120 subjects were evaluated. The palatal mucosal thickness (PMT), palatal width and depth, and location of the greater palatine foramen (GPF) were determined on CBCT. The differences in the palatal mucosal thickness according to gender and palatal width/palatal depth were analyzed. The location of the GPF related to the maxillary molars was noted. The mean palatal mucosal thicknesses from the canine to the second molar teeth were 3.66, 3.90, 4.06, 3.76, and 3.92mm, respectively. The mean PMT at the second premolar was statistically thicker than at other regions (p < 0,001). There was no relationship between PMT and gender. However, the palatal depth and width of the males were greater than females. (p = 0.004 and p = 0.014, respectively) PMT in the low palatal vault group had statistically higher compared to the high palatal vault group. (p = 0.023) Greater palatine foramen was mostly observed between second and third molar teeth. (48%). According to our results, first and second premolar regions can be preferable in soft tissue grafting procedures for safe and successful treatment outcomes. The measurement of the thickness of the palatal mucosa and the evaluation of the greater palatine foramen location before the surgical procedures are essential steps to harvest from the ideal donor site and to achieve optimal surgical outcomes.

Determination of Palatal Soft Tissue Thickness and Safe Zone for Palatal Soft Tissue Harvest Using CBCT: A Retrospective Study.

Our decision to conduct this study was motivated by the dearth of knowledge on geographical variations in the thickness of the palatal masticatory mucosa. The aim of the present study is to comprehensively analyze the palatal mucosal thickness and indicate the safety zone for palatal soft tissue harvesting using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods. As this was a retrospective analysis of cases previously reported to the hospital, written consent was not acquired. The analysis was carried out on 30 CBCT images. Two examiners evaluated the images separately to avoid bias. Measurements were done from the midportion of the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the midpalatal suture in a horizontal line. Measurements were recorded from the maxillary canine, first premolar, second premolar, first molar, and second molar and were marked in axial and coronal sections at distances of 3, 6, and 9 mm from the CEJ. The relationship between palate soft tissue thickness in relation to each tooth, palatal vault angle, teeth, and the greater palatine grove was evaluated. Differences in the palatal mucosal thickness according to age, gender, and tooth site were evaluated. Categorical data were presented as frequencies and percentages. Numerical data are presented as mean and standard deviation values. They are explored for normality using Shapiro-Wilk's test. Data are normally distributed and are analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test for independent variables and paired t-test for repeated measures. The significance level is set at p ≤ 0.05 for all tests. Statistical analysis is performed with R statistical analysis software version 4.1.3 for Windows. For sex and nationality, there was no significant association (p > 0.05), while for age, cases 35 years and older had significantly higher mucosal thickness than cases younger than 35 years old (p < 0.001). For all teeth, the association was statistically significant (p < 0.001). For the canine and first premolar, cases with deep angles had significantly higher mean values than those with moderate angles (p < 0.001). For other teeth, cases with deep angles had significantly higher mean values than other angles (p < 0.001). Palatal mucosal thickness varied significantly from the canine to the second molar; the most appropriate site for graft harvesting is the canine to second premolar area which is 9-12 mm from the midpalatal suture aspect and is considered a safe zone for harvesting palatal graft.

Evaluation of bone depth, cortical bone, and mucosa thickness of palatal posterior supra-alveolar insertion site for miniscrew placement

BackgroundThe use of palatal miniscrew offers the possibility to improve the effectiveness of orthodontic expansion devices. Palatal expanders supported by miniscrew can be applied with different clinical protocols. Some authors proposed the use of four palatal miniscrews during miniscrew-supported palatal expansion to maximize skeletal effects in young adults’ treatment. However, bone availability decreases in the posterior paramedian palatal regions, making the positioning of the two-posterior paramedian palatal miniscrews challenging, when it is performed avoiding nasal cavities invasion. Some authors proposed miniscrews insertion in a specific region located laterally to the palatal process of the maxillary bone, and apically relatively to the dento-alveolar process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone thickness, cortical bone thickness, and mucosae depth of this anatomical site that, in this study, was defined as palatal posterior supra-alveolar insertion site.ResultsThe evaluation of bone availability of palatal posterior supra-alveolar insertion site at different antero-posterior levels showed that the maximum amount of total bone thickness was found between the second premolar and the first molar. At this level total bone, thickness is significantly (p < .05) greater compared to the other sagittal sites and it offers on average around 2 mm of extra bone depth for miniscrew placement. Cortical bone thickness is adequate for primary miniscrew stability. Overall, cortical bone thickness considered at different insertion sites showed significant statistically (p < .05) differences. The findings of this study showed that palatal mucosa is particularly thick with average values ranging from 4 to 7 mm, and its extension ultimately affects miniscrew length selection. Palatal mucosa thickness showed no clinically significant differences comparing different sagittal and vertical insertion sites. Data also showed that palatal mucosal thickness slightly significantly increases (p < .05) with the inclination of the insertion axis relative to the occlusal plane. Finally, study findings showed that vertical growth pattern can significantly affect considered outcomes (p < .05).ConclusionsPalatal posterior supra-alveolar insertion site is an appropriate site for posterior insertion of palatal miniscrews. Considering high anatomical variation preliminary CBCT evaluation is important to achieve optimal miniscrew placement.

Evaluation of palatal bone depth, cortical bone, and mucosa thickness for optimal orthodontic miniscrew placement performed according to the third palatal ruga clinical reference.

This retrospective CBCT study aimed to evaluate the palatal anatomical characteristics using the third palatal ruga as a reliable clinical reference for miniscrew placement. Thirty-six subjects (mean age17.1 y.o. ± 4.1) were randomly selected and their records (CBCT volume and maxillary digital models) were included.BlueSkyPlan CBCT software viewer (BluSkyBio, V4.7) was used to measure the following outcomes at the level of third palatal ruga, 2 mm anteriorly and 2 mm posteriorly: total bone depth, cortical bone thickness, and mucosa thickness. The outcomes were evaluated on lines perpendicular to the palatal mucosa laying on different sagittal planes: the mid-palatal plane, 2 and 4 mm paramedian planes. The maximum mean amount of bone depth was registered 2 mm posteriorly to the third ruga and 4 mm paramedian (9.7 mm). No significant difference was observed between the third ruga insertion site and its corresponding 2 mm posterior site. Cortical bone of palatal vault did not change significantly in anteroposterior direction for all the considered sites. Significant differences were found comparing cortical bone at the suture level with cortical bone 2-mm and 4-mm paramedian at all anteroposterior levels. Palatal mucosa increases its thickness in paramedian insertion sites, and it decreases in posterior insertion sites. Both third palatal ruga and 2 mm posteriorly to third ruga (4 mm paramedian) could be the optimal insertion site for palatal miniscrew placement, depending on individual anatomic conditions. The thickness of the cortical palatal bone showed, at 4 mm paramedian, optimal characteristics for miniscrew primary stability. Palatal mucosa thickness values suggest miniscrew neck extension of 2.0-2.5 mm for optimal mucosa adaptation.

Quantitative analysis of maxillary palatal masticatory mucosa thickness and anatomical morphology of palatal vault in Zhejiang province.

To quantitatively analyze the maxillary palatal masticatory mucosa thickness and anatomical morphology of palatal vault in Zhejiang province. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 146 adult patients were collected from outpatients in Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The images were reconstructed by adjusting the reference line and analyzed on the sagittal plane of the measured teeth. The thickness of masticatory mucosa from maxillary canine to second molar area was measured at the level of 3, 6, 9, 12 mm from the gingival margin. At the same time, the height and width of the palatal vault were measured, the position of the greater palatal foramen relative to the second molar, and the distance from the greater palatal foramen to the mid-palatal suture and the alveolar crest were determined. Spearman correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of the maxillary masticatory mucosa thickness. One-way analysis of variance and LSD multiple comparisons were used to analyze the difference in palatal mucosal thickness of each tooth position in different age groups. The sample t-test was used to analyze the differences in the mucosal thickness of each tooth position and the distance from the greater palatal foramen to the mid-palatal suture and the alveolar crest in different anatomical forms of the palatal vault. The mean palatal masticatory mucosa thickness from maxillary canines, first premolars, second premolars, first molar and second molar areas were (2.94±0.48), (3.28±0.49), (3.43±0.53), (3.01±0.55), (3.49±0.70) mm, respectively. The mucosa thickness of canines, first premolars and second premolars areas showed increasing at first and then decreasing trend. The mucosal thickness of the canines area was greatest at 6 mm from the gingival margin, and the thickness of the first and second premolars areas was greatest at 9 mm from the gingival margin. Premolars are thickest at 9 mm from the gingival margin. The thickness of the mucosa of the first molars area increased with the increase of the distance from the gingival margin, and the thickness of the mucosa of the second molars area was the thinnest at 6 mm, and then increased with the increase of the distance from the gingival margin. The main influencing factors of the mucosal thickness of canines, first premolars and first molars areas were age and palatal vault aspect ratio, the main influencing factor of the mucosal thickness of second premolars area was age, and the main influencing factor of the mucosal thickness of second molars area was palatal vault aspect ratio. There was no significant colinearity among the variables ( VIF<10). The results of the further stratified analysis showed that the mucosal thickness of the maxillary canine to the first molar area was positively correlated with age, and mucosal thickening is more pronounced in people aged 45 years old and above. The thickness of the canine mucosa in the high palate vault group was greater than that in the low palate vault group ( P<0.05), and the thickness of the second molar mucosa was smaller than that in the low palate vault group ( P<0.05). The greater palatal foramen was mostly located in the distal region of the second molar crown. The distance from the greater palatal foramen to the alveolar crest in the high palatal vault group was greater than that in the low palatal vault group ( P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between the two groups in the distance from the foramen magnum to the mid-palatal suture ( P>0.05). The most suitable donor site for autologous soft tissue graft may be 3-9 mm from the gingival margin of the first and second premolars area.

Evaluation of Changes in the Palatal Mucosal Thickness Post-augmentation using a Xenogeneic Collagen MatrixAn Interventional Study

Introduction: Palatal augmentation is a unique approach that has been developed to increase the donor mucosal thickness and to procure sufficient dimensions of Connective Tissue Graft (CTG) during soft tissue augmentation around natural teeth and implants. Aim: To evaluate the relative changes in Palatal Mucosal Thickness (PMT) followed by augmentation with xenogeneic collagen sponge. Materials and Methods: This was an interventional study conducted on 16 subjects presenting with multiple gingival recession defects and also indicated for root coverage procedures at Department of Periodontology, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India from June 2017 to March 2018. PMT was measured using a customised stent at eight standardised points with respect to Canine (C), Premolar-1 (PM1), Premolar-2 (PM2) and Molar 1 (M1) located at 4 mm and 8 mm from the gingival margin. Xenogeneic collagen sponge was implanted at the donor site and postoperatively reviewed for two months. Changes in PMT were analysed using Mann-Whitney U test. Results: A total of 16 patients (12 male and 4 female; mean age 36.81±7.27 years) were recruited in the study. At two months, statistically significant (p&lt;0.05) increase in mean thickness of the palatal mucosa was observed at all the study points (at 4 mm: C- 5.24±0.43 mm to 4.82±0.39 mm, PM1- 5.47±0.71 mm to 4.88±0.48 mm, PM2- 5.71±0.58 mm to 5.06±0.65 mm and M1- 5.71±0.58 mm to 5.24±0.43 mm and at 8 mm C- 5.24±0.43 mm to 4.47±0.51 mm, PM1- 5.47±0.62 mm to 4.41±0.61 mm, PM2- 5.47±0.62 mm to 4.35±0.49 mm and M1- 5.65±0.60 mm to 4.76±0.43 mm). Conclusion: Xenogeneic collagen sponge implantation resulted in a significant increase in the thickness of palatal mucosa.

Palatal mucosa thickness and palatal neurovascular bundle position evaluation by cone-beam computed tomography-retrospective study on relationships with palatal vault anatomy.

BackgroundMeasuring the thickness of the palatal mucosa at the planning of the surgical procedure is an important step in order to obtain the maximum width and thickness of the graft from the appropriate area. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship between palatal angle (PA) or palatal depth (PD) and palatal mucosa thickness (PMT) or palatal neurovascular bundle distance (PNBD).MethodsPMT, PNBD, PD and PA were measured on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of maxillary posterior region of 200 male and 200 female patients. The mean of all parameters according to gender was compared and the significance of the difference detected between groups was evaluated. Potential relationship between PMT or PNBD and PA or PD was also evaluated.ResultsIn females, the palatal mucosa was significantly thinner at all tooth regions (p < 0.005), and PNBD was lower only at the level of the second molar (p < 0.001). In addition, it was found that there was a significant inverse correlation between the palatal depth value and the palatal mucosal thickness, and palatal depth was correlated with the palatal neurovascular bundle distance (p ≤ 0.001).DiscussionConsistent with previous studies, it was observed that the thickest mucosa in the palatal region was located in the region of the premolar teeth, and women had thinner palatal mucosa. In addition, in patients with a deeper palate vault, the palatal mucosa was thinner, but the palatal neurovascular bundle was more distant from the cemento-enamel junction.

Thickness of Palatal Mucosa and Related Parameters

Thickness of Palatal Mucosa and Related Parameters

Thickness of keratinized tissue as an indicator of success in connective tissue operations

To investigate how keratinized tissue thickness have an impact on clinical outcome of the subepithelial connective tissue graft with coronally advanced flap procedure in Miller Class I defects which previously grouped as having either “thick” or “thin” phenotypes. Recession defects were treated with the same surgical approach in both “thick” (n=18), “thin” (n=19) groups. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), recession depth (RD), recession width (RW) and width of keratinized tissue (WKT) were recorded on baseline, 6. week, 3., 6., 9., and 12. months respectively. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), thickness of keratinized tissue (TKT) of defects were recorded on baseline, 3., 6., 9. and 12. months. The percentage of root coverage was measured on 3., 6. and 12. months. Palatal mucosa thickness measurements were repeated on 6. and 12. months. Compared to baseline, there was statistically significant decrease in CAL, RD and RW; and a significant increase in PD, WKT and TKT in both groups (p<0,05). TKT was the highest on 3. month, decreased till 9. month and became stable then. According to phenotypes, only defects of thin group's baseline TKT was positively correlated with the amount of thin group's root coverage. Within the results of this study success of root coverage in connective tissue operations is influenced by a threshold thickness of flap in the operation area only in thin phenotype group.

Palatal Soft Tissue Thickness on Maxillary Posterior Teeth and Its Relation to Palatal Vault Angle Measured by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Objective Analyzing palatal soft tissue thickness in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and evaluating the relationship between tissue thickness and palatal vault angulation. Methods Out of 1,737 CBCT images, fifty-six images met the inclusion criteria and were included in this cross-sectional study. The palatal vault angle on the maxillary first molar was measured and divided the images into 3 groups. The soft tissue thickness between the maxillary first premolar and second molar was measured at a distance of 3, 6, 7, 8, and 9 mm from the cementoenamel junction. All the image measurements were performed using CBCT-viewer software. Result In this study, 56 CBCT images with full permanent maxillary posterior teeth and absence of light scattering were found. The mean age of the patients was 31.59 ± 13.92 years. The moderate and deep palatal vault angle patterns had the greatest and least prevalence, respectively. The average thickness on shallow, moderate, and deep palatal vault groups was 4.02 ± 0.58, 3.75 ± 0.73, and 3.43 ± 0.38 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the mean palatal mucosal thickness was statistically different between the deep and shallow palatal vault angle groups (p < 0.05, power of test 0.8). Based on the Pearson correlation coefficient, there was a negative correlation between the palatal mucosal thickness and palatal vault angle (p < 0.05, power of test 0.85). Conclusion A negative correlation between the palatal mucosal thickness and palatal vault angle was observed. Furthermore, this study suggested that the shape of the palatal vault can be one of the supporting data for evaluating the graft dimensions.

Applying the paralleling technique in intraoral periapical radiographs for Japanese patients by analyzing CT images.

The aim of this study was to investigate the size of the teeth and palatal heights to determine if it is possible to apply the paralleling technique in the upper molar region in Japanese patients. The medical computed tomography (CT) data of ten patients were analyzed. A minimum intensity projection image with 8-mm slice thickness was created for each second premolar, first molar, and second molar tooth. We traced the tooth, the alveolar bone, the plate bone surface, and the cheek skin surface on a tracing paper. Tooth length (TL), palatal height (PH), distance between a tip of the cheek and each tooth (D1), and distance between each tooth and the receptor (D2) were measured. The measurements were performed by two observers, and the measurements were repeated twice by each observer. Two potential situations were considered for application of the paralleling technique. We analyzed whether there was a possibility for application of the paralleling technique comparing the TL and the PH for each case by considering the magnification rate calculated from D1 and D2, the palatal mucosa thickness, and the safety margin within the resultant image. The data suggested that applying the paralleling technique was impossible in 95% of cases. In the cases where application of the paralleling technique was impossible, the incident angle of X-ray increased by 31.6°. We concluded that the paralleling technique could not be applied in Japanese patients due to insufficient space for the image receptor in the upper maxilla region.

Anatomic factors influencing dimensions of soft tissue graft from the hard palate. A clinical study.

ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to measure the thickness of the palatal mucosa in a Jordanian (Middle Eastern) population as well as identify possible factors that may influence the thickness of palatal mucosa.Material and MethodsSixty period on tally healthy subjects (29 males and 31 females) were selected. Fifteen measurement points were defined on the palate. The mucosal thickness in the hard palate was determined by “bone sounding” with a Hu‐Friedy® round periodontal probe.ResultsThe overall mean thickness of the palatal masticatory mucosa was 3.23 ± 0.47 mm.The mean thickness increased from the gingival margin to a more apical position irrespective of the tooth measured or side of the mouth in the following sequence: canine, second molar, first premolar, second premolar and lastly, the first molar. No significant difference between gender, smoking status, gingival phenotype andsides of the mouth with the thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa was determined. A significant difference between palatal shape and palatal gingival thickness was found.ConclusionsThe most appropriate site for graft harvesting is the canine‐premolar area 8‐13 mm from the mid‐palatal aspect of each respective tooth in a Jordanian population. Except for the palatal shape, the side of the mouth, smoking, gender or gingival phenotype does not affect the graft harvest.Clinical Relevance Scientific Rationale for StudyKnowledge on the thickness of the masticatory mucosa is crucialin making decisions for surgical treatment modality and may affect surgical outcome. We measured the thickness of the palatal mucosa in a Jordanian population and identified possible influencing factors.Principal FindingsThe thickness varied according to the teeth and the canine to premolar region was found to be the appropriate donor site.Practical ImplicationsThis information on safe zone for graft harvest can guide the periodontist to make appropriate incisions and choose the appropriate location to obtain a graft of adequate thickness and dimensions.

Accuracy of cone beam computed tomography in evaluation of palatal mucosa thickness

The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of the measurement of palatal mucosa thickness using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to create a conversion formula to evaluate palatal mucosa thickness more accurately. We then evaluated the palatal mucosa thickness in a Japanese population using CBCT and the conversion formula. We evaluated palatal mucosa thickness in 10 healthy subjects at 15 sites using CBCT, digital impression, and K file. Multiple regression analysis was performed to create a conversion formula to measure thickness accurately. We then obtained CBCT data from 174 patients retrospectively, applied the conversion formula, and evaluated palatal mucosa thickness. Sites of measurement affected measurement error. Measurement using CBCT was 0.34±0.04mm smaller than actual measurement; therefore, a conversion formula was created. Male, age ≥60years, and probing pocket depth ≥4mm had significant and positive associations with palatal mucosa thickness; however, no association was observed between bleeding on probing and palatal mucosa thickness. CBCT is useful for the noninvasive and accurate measurement of palatal mucosa thickness.

Evaluation of Thickness of Palatal Masticatory Mucosa in Relation with Age and Gender

ABSTRACT:- Background: - Palatal masticatory mucosa is most commonly used as the donor site for harvesting of the subepithelial connective tissue graft for the selection of the treatment modalities as it may affect the surgical outcome. Therefore the present study was undertaken to evaluate the thickness of masticatory mucosa in relation with age and gender. Methods and materials: - 50 systemically healthy individuals were selected for the study. The younger age group consisted of 25 individuals between age group 15-20 years and rest of the subjects was belonging to the older age group between 30-50 years. A bone sounding procedure was used to examine the palatal mucosal thickness. Results: - The thickness of the masticatory mucosa ranged between 1.3 to 4.4 mm in all the subjects and it also showed variations in relation with age and gender. Conclusion: -Therefore, it was concluded that younger individuals particularly females have significantly thinner mucosa as compared to males and older subjects. Key words: masticatory mucosa, age and gender.

Application of 3D Computed Tomography Reconstruction Images to Assess the Thickness and Dimensions of the Posterior Palatal Seal Area.

Few studies have been reported on the scientific measurements of the thickness and dimensions of the posterior palatal seal (PPS) area. The purpose of this study is to measure and analyze the thickness of palatal mucosa by using a three-dimensional (3D) model reconstructed with computed tomography (CT) images and to present objective values by identifying the PPS area. The CT images were reconstructed as a 3D model by separating the maxillary palate mucosa and teeth. Each reconstructed model was analyzed and the thickness was measured at 93 crossing points of each divided plane. The dimension of the PPS area was measured and the right and left dimensions of the PPS area were compared. The thickness of the palatal mucosa was thicker toward the posterior area. The thickness increased in the lateral direction and decreased again. In the PPS area, the mean dimension between the rearmost of anterior border and the most posterior line was 2.19 mm and the mean dimension between the forefront of anterior border and the most posterior line was 5.19 mm in the right side and 5.16 mm in the left side. The mean dimension from the center of the palate to the right most forward point was 6.85 mm, and the left was 7.36 mm. The new measurement method of palatal mucosal thickness is noninvasive, accurate, and easy to store and study, so it can be used effectively in planning and manufacturing the maxillary complete denture in the digital workflows.

Palatal masticatory mucosal thickness, anatomy and the relationship to age, gender and smoking

Palatal masticatory mucosal thickness, anatomy and the relationship to age, gender and smoking