Thickness Of Palatal Masticatory Mucosa Research Articles

Anatomic factors influencing dimensions of soft tissue graft from the hard palate. A clinical study.

ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to measure the thickness of the palatal mucosa in a Jordanian (Middle Eastern) population as well as identify possible factors that may influence the thickness of palatal mucosa.Material and MethodsSixty period on tally healthy subjects (29 males and 31 females) were selected. Fifteen measurement points were defined on the palate. The mucosal thickness in the hard palate was determined by “bone sounding” with a Hu‐Friedy® round periodontal probe.ResultsThe overall mean thickness of the palatal masticatory mucosa was 3.23 ± 0.47 mm.The mean thickness increased from the gingival margin to a more apical position irrespective of the tooth measured or side of the mouth in the following sequence: canine, second molar, first premolar, second premolar and lastly, the first molar. No significant difference between gender, smoking status, gingival phenotype andsides of the mouth with the thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa was determined. A significant difference between palatal shape and palatal gingival thickness was found.ConclusionsThe most appropriate site for graft harvesting is the canine‐premolar area 8‐13 mm from the mid‐palatal aspect of each respective tooth in a Jordanian population. Except for the palatal shape, the side of the mouth, smoking, gender or gingival phenotype does not affect the graft harvest.Clinical Relevance Scientific Rationale for StudyKnowledge on the thickness of the masticatory mucosa is crucialin making decisions for surgical treatment modality and may affect surgical outcome. We measured the thickness of the palatal mucosa in a Jordanian population and identified possible influencing factors.Principal FindingsThe thickness varied according to the teeth and the canine to premolar region was found to be the appropriate donor site.Practical ImplicationsThis information on safe zone for graft harvest can guide the periodontist to make appropriate incisions and choose the appropriate location to obtain a graft of adequate thickness and dimensions.

Evaluation of Thickness of Palatal Masticatory Mucosa in Relation with Age and Gender

ABSTRACT:- Background: - Palatal masticatory mucosa is most commonly used as the donor site for harvesting of the subepithelial connective tissue graft for the selection of the treatment modalities as it may affect the surgical outcome. Therefore the present study was undertaken to evaluate the thickness of masticatory mucosa in relation with age and gender. Methods and materials: - 50 systemically healthy individuals were selected for the study. The younger age group consisted of 25 individuals between age group 15-20 years and rest of the subjects was belonging to the older age group between 30-50 years. A bone sounding procedure was used to examine the palatal mucosal thickness. Results: - The thickness of the masticatory mucosa ranged between 1.3 to 4.4 mm in all the subjects and it also showed variations in relation with age and gender. Conclusion: -Therefore, it was concluded that younger individuals particularly females have significantly thinner mucosa as compared to males and older subjects. Key words: masticatory mucosa, age and gender.

Evaluation of thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa in posterior teeth and its relation with age and gender

Background: To evaluate the thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa in posterior teeth by transgingival probing and determine its relation with age and gender. Materials and Methods: Forty systemically healthy volunteers with age range 16–38 years were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eighteen measurement points were made on the cast that was transferred onto the palate using clear acrylic stent to measure thickness. Three different lines a, b, and c: 3, 8, and 12 mm, respectively, from the gingival margin were made starting at the mid-palatal aspect of the canine and ending over the palatal root of the second molar. Six points were defined on each of the lines: Ca (mid-palatal aspect of the canine), P1 (mid-palatal aspect of the first premolar), P2 (mid-palatal aspect of the second premolar), M1 (palatal root of the first molar), Mi (interproximal aspect between the first and second molar), and M2 (palatal root of the second molar). Results: Soft-tissue thickness progressively increased in sites further from the gingival margin and was thickest adjacent to mid-palatal aspect of the second premolar 12 mm away from gingival margin. Younger age group patients had thinner posterior palatal mucosa as compared to older age group patients. Males had thicker posterior palatal mucosa as compared to females, but results were statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The thickness of posterior palatal mucosa showed a varied degree of variation at different marked areas in different teeth, and the difference in the mean thickness was also associated with age and gender.

Accuracy of cone-beam computerized tomography in determining the thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa.

Background:The palatal masticatory mucosa is the main donor area of soft tissue and connective tissue grafts used for increasing the keratinized mucosa around teeth and implants, covering exposed roots and increasing localized alveolar ridge thickness. The aim of this study was to compare the thickness of the palatal masticatory mucosa as determined on a cone-beam computerized tomography scan versus thickness determined via bone-sounding.Materials and Methods:A total of 20 patients requiring palatal surgery participated. Thickness of the palatal tissue was measured at various points radiographically and clinically. The two techniques were compared to determine the agreement of the two measurement modalities.Results:Statistical analysis determined that there was no significant difference between the two methods. Moreover, the tissue thickness was shown to increase as the distance from the gingival margin increased, and the tissue over the premolars was thicker than the other teeth.Conclusion:Cone-beam computerized tomography can be used as a noninvasive method to accurately and consistently determine the soft tissue thickness of the palatal masticatory mucosa with minimal bias at different locations on the palate.

Evaluation of palatal mucosal thickness and its association with age and gender

The palatal masticatory mucosa is widely used as donor material for periodontal plastic surgery. The thickness of graft tissue is important for graft survival. We investigated the thickness of palatal mucosa using a bone sounding technique. We also examined the relation of age and gender to the thickness of palatal mucosa. Fifty healthy subjects were divided into a younger age group of 25 subjects, 14–21 years old (mean, 19 years); the older age group consisted of 25 subjects, 30–59 years old (mean, 34.4 years). A bone sounding method using a periodontal probe and endodontic spreader no. 60 was used to assess the thickness of palatal mucosa at 15 pre-determined sites defined according to the gingival margin and palatal lines. Student's ‘t’ test was used to validate differences in mucosal thickness between the groups. The mean thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa ranged from 2.5 to 3.7 mm. The younger age group had a thinner mucosa than the older age group and females had a thinner mucosa than males. The canine and premolar areas appeared to be the most appropriate donor sites for grafting procedures.

Assessment of Thickness of Palatal Masticatory Mucosa and Maximum Graft Dimensions at Palatal Vault Associated with Age and Gender – A Clinical Study

Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease which leads to alveolar bone loss, followed by exposure of root surfaces, which results in an unaesthetic appearance. Palatal masticatory mucosa is widely used as a donor tissue for root coverage procedures, to achieve an aesthetic appearance and to meet patient's needs. Obtaining sufficient volume of tissue without injuring the vessels is necessary. Purpose of this study was to determine thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa in association with age and gender in healthy subjects who were aged 14-59 years. Thirtysix healthy subjects were included under two groups (aged 14-29 years and 30-59 years). Each group consisted of 9 males and nine females. Transgingival probing was done by using a UNC-15 (University of North Carolina) periodontal probe under LA (local anaesthesia) and measurements were taken from 15 different sites on palatal masticatory mucosa. Maximum available length and height of the palatal vault were also measured. All measurements were made by using a Boley gauge to the nearest millimetre. Students t-test was used to determine the difference in mucosal thickness between two groups. Two-way ANOVA test was used to measure the height of palatal vault between the groups. The results showed that younger age group had thinner palatal masticatory mucosa of thickness which was between 2.3 mm to 2.65 mm and that younger females had thinner mucosa than males. The mean height which was measured from second premolar area to the second molar area was significantly greater in men (14.03 mm) than in women (13.25 mm). Palatal masticatory mucosa was thicker in older age group than in younger age group and it was thin in females as compared to that in males. The most appropriate donor site for carrying out grafting procedures is distal canine to mid palatal aspect of 1st molar area, with minimum height of 5 mm to 8 mm in the premolar area in all cases.

Thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa and its relationship with different parameters in Turkish subjects.

Background: The aim of the study was to clinically investigate the mucosal variations in different parts of hard palate subject to soft tissue harvesting and its relationship with selected parameters in patients with gingival recessions.Materials & Methods: Fifty periodontally healthy, dentate subjects (13 males) with gingival recessions were enrolled into the study. After initial periodontal therapy they were scheduled for surgical procedures. Palatal masticatory mucosa of five teeth was evaluated at five different points from the gingival margin and two points on the buccal gingival mucosa were evaluated on the day of surgical intervention via bone sounding method. Totally 27 assessments were performed for each patient.Results: The overall mean thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa (PMM) was 2.55±0.49mm. The mean mid-facial gingival thickness was 1.11±0.39mm. The PMM showed an increase towards the posterior and raphe palatina. No difference was observed between genders, and no association of body mass index (BMI) and age with PMM was determined. An association was observed between the thicknesses of mid-facial gingival and palatal masticatory mucosa.Conclusion: The thickness of PMM in this study seems to be less than other reports possibly due to ethnicity or measurement design. Canine and premolar region reveals higher thickness values, and the increase in the tissue thickness towards the midline should also been taken into consideration. Clinicians planning soft tissue harvesting from the palate should take this variation into consideration. In this regard transmucosal probing of the donor site may provide valuable information where considerable variation exists.

Determination of thickness of palatal mucosa

Background:The palatal masticatory mucosa is widely used as a donor material in periodontal plastic surgery. The thickness of graft tissue is an important factor for the graft survival. The purpose of this study was to determine the thickness of palatal mucosa by a bone sounding technique. The association of age and gender with the thickness of palatal mucosa was also examined.Materials and Methods:Twenty four healthy subjects had participated in the study. The younger age group of 16-30 years consisted of 12 subjects of 7 females and 5 males, and the older age group of 31-54 years consisted of 12 subjects, of 5 females and 7 males. A bone sounding method using a periodontal probe was done to assess the thickness of palatal mucosa at 15 measurement sites defined according to the gingival margin and palatal line. Mann-Whitney test was used to determine the difference in mucosal thickness between both the groups.Results:The younger age group had thinner mucosa ranged from 2 to 3.1 mm in thickness than the older age group which ranged from 3.2 to 3.7 mm. In the same age group, females had thinner mucosa than males in the same age group. The mean thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa ranged from 2.5 to 3.7 mm.Conclusion:The younger subjects had thinner mucosa than older subjects. The canine and premolar areas appeared to be the most appropriate donor site for grafting procedures.

The thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa

The thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa

Relationship between The Shape of Palatal Vault and Tooth and The Thickness of Palatal Masticatory Mucosa

Relationship between The Shape of Palatal Vault and Tooth and The Thickness of Palatal Masticatory Mucosa

B-mode versus A-mode ultrasonographic measurements of mucosal thickness in vivo.

The objective of this study was to compare the measurement accuracy of A-mode and B-mode ultrasonographic assessments of palatal masticatory mucosal thickness in vivo. Thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa in the molar region of 50 volunteers was measured once with a B-mode ultrasound device (10 MHz) combined with a standoff for intraoral applications. At identical reading points thickness was also assessed with an A-mode device (5 replicates) and by needle probing for determination of true thickness. On average true thickness ranged between 2.9 and 3.3 mm (95% confidence intervals; median, 3.1 mm). B-mode ultrasonography overestimated truth by 0.19 mm (median) and differed significantly from truth (P =.008), whereas A-mode ultrasonography slightly underestimated true thickness by -0.05 mm (median). Limits of agreement were wider for A-mode ultrasonography (2.00 mm) than for B-mode ultrasonography (0.88 mm). Because accuracy of 0.2 mm is acceptable for many clinical indications, B-mode and A-mode yield sufficient accuracy for measurements of mucosal thickness.

Thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa associated with age.

The palatal masticatory mucosa is widely used as a donor material in periodontal plastic surgery. However, there are relatively few studies investigating the volume or thickness of the palatal mucosa. The purpose of this study was to determine the thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa in Asian subjects aged 14 to 59 years by a direct clinical technique. The associations of age and gender with the thickness of palatal mucosa were also examined. Sixty-two systemically and periodontally healthy Asians (31 males; 31 females; age range 14 to 59 years) participated in this study. The younger age group (age 14 to 21 years) consisted of 32 subjects with a mean age of 16.8 years, whereas the older age group (age 30 to 59 years) consisted of 30 subjects with a mean age of 38.7 years. A bone-sounding method using a periodontal probe with minimal anesthesia and a prepared clear acrylic stent were utilized to assess the thickness of palatal mucosa at 15 measurement sites defined according to the gingival margin and mid-palatal line. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to examine the associations of age and gender with the mean mucosal thickness at the subject level. The Wilcoxon test was used to determine the difference in mucosal thickness between the 2 age groups, and between gender at each measurement point. The mean thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa ranged from 2.0 to 3.7 mm. The younger age group had significantly thinner mucosa (mean 2.8 +/- 0.3 mm) than the older age group (mean 3.1 +/- 0.3 mm). Females had thinner mucosa than males in the same age group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Overall, the thickness of palatal mucosa increased from the canine to second molar areas and in the sites furthest from the gingival margin towards the mid-palate (with the exception of the first molar area, where significantly decreased thickness was observed). Within the limits of the present study, the canine and premolar areas appear to be the most appropriate donor site for grafting procedures in both young and adult individuals. The subepithelial connective tissue graft procedure can be considered as a treatment modality in young patients, since a sufficient volume of donor tissue can be obtained from the hard palate area. Other factors that may influence the thickness of palatal mucosa such as racial and genetic factors and body weight need to be further investigated.