Thiamine HCl Research Articles

HPLC/MS Analysis of Riboflavin Sodium Phosphate Consisting of Several Structural Isomers Together with Thiamine HCL, Pyridoxine HCL, Dexpanthenol, and Nicotinamide in A Multi-Vitamin Injection Solution

We were tasked with testing a multicomponent aqueous solution for injection used in medicine. The composition of the solution included the following components: Riboflavin sodium phosphate (vitamin B2), Thiamine HCl (vitamin B1), Pyridoxine HCl (vitamin B), Dexpanthenol (vitamin B5), and Nicotinamide (vitamin B3), also benzyl alcohol. The complexity of the simultaneous determination of these components was that they differ in their acid-base properties, physical-chemical properties, concentration in solution, and solubility in the mobile phase. The key to solving this task is the correct choice of method for analyzing riboflavin sodium phosphate in each vitamin mixture. Riboflavin is taking particular attention because this component has a few isomers that are separated by HPLC.

Effects of substrates on the growth of BETA VULGARIS SUBSP. VULGARIS in hydroponic systems

This research focuses on types of substrate materials (rice husk, coconut fiber, sand), the rate of media mix between coconut fiber, rice, and concentrations of Thiamine HCl (vitamin B1) on the growth of Rainbow Vinegar (Beta vulgaris subsp. Vulgaris). In the studies of nutritional absorption and metal toxicity in the roof, it is essential to growing plants without technical damage. The results showed that Hoagland solution combined coconut fiber, sand, and Thiamine HCl (vitamin B1) suitable for Beta vulgaris subsp. Vulgaris. The Rainbow grows remarkably from 20 days to 30 days for a faster, cleaner, and cultivating soil environment. The method presented here provides. Vulgaris to obtain a healthy plant having a well-developed root system with many lateral roots.

Thiamine Supplementation Improves Survival and Body Condition of Hatchery-Reared Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Oregon.

Early rearing of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Oregon hatcheries is often problematic; fry can become emaciated and die during the period between hatch and first feed. Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency has caused early mortality in salmonids; however, the thiamine status of Oregon's steelhead populations is unknown, to date. Of the 26 egg samples from three Oregon hatcheries in 2019, 20 (77%) had thiamine levels < 10 nmol/g, and 13 of those samples (50%) had levels <6.5 nmol/g, suggesting the thiamine deficiency of adult, female steelhead. To investigate if thiamine deficiency was causally related to fry survival, females were injected with buffered thiamine HCl 50 mg/kg prior to spawning; additionally, a subset of eggs were supplemented via bath treatment with thiamine mononitrate (1000 ppm) at spawning. Cumulative fry mortality at 8 weeks post-hatch from thiamine-injected females was 2.9% compared to 13.8% mortality of fry without thiamine supplementation. Fry treated only with the thiamine via bath as eggs had a mortality rate of 6.9%. There were no additional improvements for the survival of fry from injected females that also received a thiamine bath. Furthermore, condition factors were greater in thiamine-supplemented fry than in those that received no thiamine. These data identify thiamine deficiency in Oregon steelhead and suggest supplementation with thiamine can mitigate early rearing mortality.

Abstract #1317021: Oral Benfotiamine 300 mg Versus Intramuscular Thiamine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Peripheral Neuropathy: A Pilot Study

This is a pilot, prospective, open label, interventional, comparative, randomized study, enrolled 60 patients to assess the effect of different doses of oral vitamin B complex containing benfotiamine 300 mg versus intramuscular B vitamins containing water-soluble thiamine HCl.

Oral Benfotiamine 300 mg Versus Intramuscular Thiamine in Diabetic Patients with Peripheral Neuropathy

Aim: This is a prospective, pilot, open-label, interventional, comparative, randomized study, enrolled 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to assess the effect of different doses of oral vitamin B containing Benfotiamine 300 mg versus intramuscular B vitamins containing watersoluble Thiamine HCl. Methods Patients ≥ 18 years with T2DM with Peripheral Neuropathy, divided into 3 groups; A &amp; B (Benfotiamine 300 mg) and group C (Thiamine HCl), which were sub-divided to include patients with HbA1c less or more than 8 %. Patients were evaluated at baseline, after 2.5 hours, six days, and two weeks. Results Blood vitamin B1 increased from baseline to after 2.5 hours (T2) by 57%, 79% and 33% in group A, B and C respectively, with statistically significant difference in each group (p value &lt; 0.001). Vitamin B1 continued to increase after six days (T6) in patients of groups A &amp; B by 98% and 165% respectively, while dropped in patients of group C from 33% at T2 to 6% at T6, with p-value ≤ 0.001 between the three groups. Diabetic Neuropathic Symptom Score (DNS) decreased in mean value in all groups after 14 days of treatment by 64.4%, 53.7% and 48.6% in group A, B and C respectively, indicating improvement of peripheral neuropathy. Safety: There was no AE or SAE reported during the study. Conclusion: Oral Benfotiamine 300 mg is safe and more effective than intramuscular Thiamine HCl, in increasing vitamin B1 blood level in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, which in turn relieves peripheral neuropathy. Clinical Trial Registration Number: NA Keywords: Benfotiamine, Bioavailability, Thiamine, Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Abbreviations : Adverse Event (AE), Advanced Glycation End products (AGE), Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Body Mass Index (BMI), Case Report Form (CRF), Diabetic Neuropathic Symptom score (DNSS), Diacylglycerol (DAG), Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor (DPP-4 I), Good Clinical Practice (GCP), Informed Consent Form (ICF), Intent to Treat (ITT), Institutional Review Board (IRB), Ministry of Health (MOH), National Institute of Diabetes and endocrinology (NIDE), Nuclear Factor kappaB (NF-κB), Per Protocol (PP), Protein Kinase C (PKC), Research and health Development (RHD), Serious Adverse Event (SAE), Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs), Transient Ischemic Stroke (TIA)

Determination of BET Specific Surface Area of Hydrate-Anhydrate Systems Susceptible to Phase Transformation Using Inverse Gas Chromatography.

Specific surface area (SSA) is an important parameter in drug development that affects other downstream pharmaceutical properties of interest such as reactivity, stability, dissolution, and ultimately bioavailability. Traditionally, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) SSA of pharmaceutical powders is measured via gas adsorption (nitrogen or krypton) that is preceded by a prolonged degassing step under low pressure. This degassing step may not be suitable for certain pharmaceutical hydrates that are susceptible to dehydration and phase transformation under reduced pressure and humidity conditions. Therefore, inverse gas chromatography (IGC) was explored as a reliable alternate technique for determining the SSA of model anhydrate-hydrate systems (trehalose and thiamine hydrochloride) that are prone to such phase transformation during SSA measurement. Both trehalose dihydrate and thiamine HCl non-stoichiometric hydrate were found to undergo partial phase transformation to anhydrous forms during BET analysis via degassing and gas adsorption. In contrast, these hydrates remained stable during surface area analysis using IGC owing to measurements under controlled relative humidity. Thus, IGC proved to be a viable technique for SSA measurement of pharmaceutical hydrates without compromising their physical stability.

Sensitive and highly selective colorimetric biosensing of vitamin-C and vitamin-B1 by flavoring agent-based silver nanoparticles.

A sensitive scheme was established for the detection of vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) and vitamin B1 (Thiamin HCl) using Maltol capped AgNPs (McAgNPs) as colorimetric sensor. The designed scheme showed an instant alteration in color from yellow to orange and green for vitamin-C and vitamin B1 sequentially. The probe was sensitive in a concentration range of (0-1µM) with limit of detection 0.064 and 0.038µM for vitamin C and vitamin B1 sequentially. The interaction mechanism between vitamin C and vitamin B1 and McAgNPs was evaluated by visible spectroscopy, FTIR, and AFM. Vitamin C attaches on the surface of nanoparticles by C=O group, while OH, C-S-C, and NH2 groups are involved in the binding of vitamin B1 with McAgNPs. The Vit-C/Vit-B1-McAgNPs complexes were stable over a wide range of pHs. The size of McAgNPs increased after the interaction of vitamin C/vitamin B1 from 30-40nm to 500 and 400nm sequentially. The scheme was successfully applied for the detection of vitamin C and vitamin B1 in urine, plasma, water, and commercial pharmaceutical tablets with good recoveries. The scheme was ascertained to be more sensitive than many other formerly described schemes.

Functional and ligand binding studies of NAD(P)H hydrate dehydratase enzyme from vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by NMR spectroscopic approach, including saturation transfer difference (STD-NMR) spectroscopy

NADH and NADPH are labile coenzymes that undergo hydration by enzymatic reaction or by heat at 5,6 double bond, and convert into non-functional hydrates, NADHX and NADPHX, respectively. The NAD(P)H hydrate dehydratase enzyme catalyzes the dehydration of S-NADHX/S-NADPHX at the expense of ATP, and thus contributes in the nicotinamide nucleotide repair process. This enzyme is also known as “metabolite-proofreading enzyme”. Herein, we report the molecular cloning and expression of this highly conserved enzyme of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA). Its functional and inhibition studies were performed for the first time by NMR spectroscopy. NMR studies showed the dehydration of S epimer of NADHX, in the presence of R-NADHX and cyc-NADHX, by NAD(P)H hydrate dehydratase. In addition, by employing the STD-NMR approach, a library of drugs and natural products (total 79) were evaluated for their binding interactions with the NAD(P)H hydrate dehydratase enzyme. Among them, seven compounds showed ligand-like interactions with the enzyme, and thus functional activity of the enzyme was again checked in the presence of each ligand. Compound 2 (Thiamine HCl) was found to fully inhibit the enzyme's function, and recognized as a potential inhibitor. Current study demonstrates that this enzyme deserves further studies as a potential drug target, as its inhibition can disrupt the normal metabolism of pathogenic VRSA.

Conservación ex situ mediante el establecimiento de cultivo in vitro de semillas de Prosopis limensis “Huarango” de Ica, Perú

The “Huarango” Prosopis limensis is a woody species of the Fabaceae family that is in the dry forest of Ica, of key importance in this ecosystem and considered for different reasons in a state of danger. The in vitro cultivation of seeds of this species is presented as an adequate conservation strategy, due to high multiplication rates it promotes, the economy in time and production costs, and the future possibilities of improvement and reforestation. The objective of this study is the establishment of an effective methodology for the optimal germination of stored seeds of this species. The seeds were obtained from 4 representative experimental accessions from the department of Ica, which were subjected to a physical scarification treatment, immersing them in hot water (70 °C) and leaving it at rest until reaching a temperature of 37 °C. After conventional sterilization processes, seeds were sown in basic M&amp;S medium with vitamins thiamine HCl (1,0 mg/l) and m-inositol (100 mg/l), sucrose 2% and agar 0,6%, and incubated at 23 °C +/- 2 h, for a photoperiod of 16 light hours. At 24 days the CPUC-117 accession the germination percentage was in the range of close to 95%. The results of this work constitute the necessary precedent to initiate larger-scale in vitro micropropagation trials of “Huarango” for conservation purposes.

Efficacy of Thiamine in Patients with Clinically Suspected Dry Beriberi: An Open Labeled Hospital Based Study

Background: Thiamine deficiency-related disorders are increasingly being reported in countries where polished rice is the main dietary constituent and diet is not balanced in calorie, protein, and micronutrient contents. Thiamine deficiency often associated with sensory-motor neuropathy (dry beriberi) without Wernicke’s encephalopathy and cardiac dysfunction. Objectives: The objective of our study is to evaluate the efficacy of thiamine in patients with suspected dry beriberi. Methods: This study was a prospective, open-labeled, self-controlled clinical trial (quasi-experimental study) carried out in the Neurology and Medicine Ward of Chittagong Medical College Hospital from May 2018 to April 2019. Fifty-five (55) patients of suspected dry beriberi were recruited as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients were given 200mg IV Thiamine HCl per day for 1 week, then oral Tab. Thiamine 100mg twice daily for the remaining 11week. They were evaluated clinically before treatment and followed up at the end of 1 week, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks after treatment. Results: There is a significant improvement of leg swelling (p&lt;0.001), muscle cramp (p&lt;0.001), muscle power (p&lt;0.001), the total score of the Overall Neuropathy Limitation Scale (ONLS) (p&lt;0.001) within 1 week of thiamine replacement. The treatment also successfully reduced individual components of sensory impairment (i.e., pain, touch, position, vibration) from baseline to 12 weeks (p&lt;0.001). Only deep tendon reflexes did not return to normal in all patients within 12 weeks. Long-time follow-up is needed for this. Conclusion: Thiamine deficiency should be actively considered as a possible cause of peripheral neuropathy and variability of its clinical features should be taken into consideration. Thiamine is highly effective in reversing most of the clinical features of its deficiency-related peripheral neuropathy. Creating public health awareness about this disease in the community will lead to early diagnosis and treatment.

Trait‐based approaches reveal fungal adaptations to nutrient‐limiting conditions

Environmental MicrobiologyVolume 23, Issue 3 p. 1807-1807 Corrigendum Free Access Trait-based approaches reveal fungal adaptations to nutrient-limiting conditions This article corrects the following: Trait-based approaches reveal fungal adaptations to nutrient-limiting conditions Tessa Camenzind Anika Lehmann Janet Ahland Stephanie Rumpel Matthias C. Rillig Volume 22Issue 8Environmental Microbiology pages: 3548-3560 First Published online: July 8, 2020 First published: 26 March 2021 https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.15447 AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat In Camenzind et al. (2020) the description of the developed fungal growth medium unfortunately contains errors, the addition of 0.1 g L−1 CaCl2 was not included in the text. The correct recipe reads as follows: The derived medium contained 5 g L−1 glucose, 0.2 g L−1 NaH2PO4 (C:P = 100), 0.5 g L−1 MgSO4, 0.5 g L−1 KCl, 0.1 g L−1 CaCl2, 0.1 g L−1 NaFeEDTA, 5 mg L−1 ZnSO4, 0.05 mg L−1 Na2MoO4, 0.05 mg L−1 MnSO4, 0.05 mg L−1 H3BO3, 0.01 mg L−1 CuSO4, 1 mg L−1 Thiamine HCl, 0.05 mg L−1 biotin and 20 g L−1 agar. N supply was manipulated based on molar C:N ratios, adding NH4NO3 in a defined quantity […] (C:N = 5, 20, 40, 80 and 200). The authors sincerely apologize for the confusion this error may have caused. Reference Camenzind, T., Lehmann, A., Ahland, J., Rumpel, S., and Rillig, M.C. (2020) Trait-based approaches reveal fungal adaptations to nutrient-limiting conditions. Environ Microbiol 22: 3548– 3560. https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.15132. Wiley Online Library CAS PubMed Web of Science®Google Scholar Volume23, Issue3March 2021Pages 1807-1807 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Effects of Media composition on Asymbiotic Seed Culture of Vanda tessellata : An Approach to In vitro Conservation

For initiation of seed germination and protocorm growth in Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex G. Don different media, namely Knudson’s C basal medium, modified Knudson’s C basal medium, Murashige and Skoog basal medium, Vacin and Went basal medium and Lindeman basal medium either alone or supplemented with vitamin or 0.1% peptone (w/v) were used. Vitamin mixture was consisted of nicotinic acid, pyridoxine and thiamine HCl at 1 : 1 : 10, respectively. For the initiation of germination, all the treatments exhibited promising results without showing significant variation. But the rate of survival of the germinated seedlings was remarkably low in all the basal media. Maximum survival rate of germinated seedlings was recorded in MS + 0.1% peptone. Necrosis of protocorms was a common phenomenon in all the treatments and 100% necrosis was recorded in LM basal medium and LM + vitamin. Addition of vitamin mixture and peptone in the basal media increased the rate of survival as well as differentiation of the germinated protocorms. Maximum rooted plantlets were recorded in VW + 0.1% peptone&#x0D; Plant Tissue Cult. &amp; Biotech. 30(2): 285-295, 2020 (December)

Evaluation of nutritional requirements of medicinal fungus, Pyrofomes demidoffii under submerged fermentation

Abstract Pyrofomes demidoffii is a medicinal wood decay fungus that exhibit antimicrobial and also antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the optimal nutritional requirements for growth of P. demidoffii under submerged fermentation expressed in terms of mycelial dry weight. For this study, carbon, nitrogen, macro-mineral elements and vitamins sources were evaluated under submerged cultures using one-factor-at-a-time and in orthogonal design method. In one-factor-at-a-time analysis, soluble starch, yeast extract, MgSO4.7H2O and thiamine HCL produced the highest mycelial dry weight among carbon-, nitrogen-, macro-mineral element-sources and vitamins sources, respectively. In the orthogonal design method, maximum mycelial dry weight of 4.19 ± 0.03 g/L were produced under nutrient conditions of starch, 40 g/L; yeast extract, 3 g/L; MgSO4.7H2O, 0.5 g/L and thiamine HCl, 0.01 g/L. The magnitude order of the effect of all factors (R value) was in the order of soluble starch (1.75 g/L) > yeast extract (0.99 g/L) > thiamine HCl (0.87 g/L) > MgSO4.7H2O (0.51 g/L). The optimal mycelial dry weight could be produced at concentration of 40 g soluble starch, 3 g yeast extract, 0.01 g thiamine HCl and 0.75g MgSO4.7H2O in 1 L of distilled water. In conclusion, this study identified the optimal nutrient sources for the optimal growth of P. demidoffii in one-factor-at-a-time, and the optimum concentration in the orthogonal design. This is the first report on optimal nutritional requirements of the Ethiopian strain of P. demidoffii. The results of this study provide a basis for industrial fermentation and for various biotechnological uses.

Biotechnological and chemical analysis of Egyptian Diospyros kaki L. cv. Costata grown in Egypt

BackgroundDiospyros kaki L. is considered one of the most important economical medicinal plant in Chinese herbal medicine belonging to family Ebenaceae as it contains varied secondary metabolites and used in treatment of many diseases. For there is an efficient and promising protocol for in vitro propagation of Diospyros kaki L. cv. Costata was established Diospyros kaki L. cv. Costata although it is difficult to initiate it in sterilized artificial media due to the browning of tissue caused by oxidation of phenolics. An efficient sterilizing method for leaf and internode explants was obtained by using 0.2% mercuric chloride (Hg2Cl2) for 5 min. Woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 2 mg/l zeatin (Zt) + 5 mg/l isopentenyl adenine (2 iP). Calli were induced on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) augmented with 10 mg/l Zt + 10 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) + 500 mg/l polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP) + 0.1 mg/l thiamine HCL from internode explants. However, the regeneration efficiency was obtained with ½ MS-media fortified with 1 mg/l Zt + 2 mg/l IAA + 4 mg/l benzylaminopurine (BAp) + 0.5 g/l PVP from internode calli explants.ResultsThe highest amounts of scopoletin 57.08, 26.42, and 25.30 (μg/g DW) were detected using reversed phase of high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) in leaves extract of intact plant followed by regenerated and calli cultures of internod explants, respectively.ConclusionThis study is the first record for in vitro propagation and production of secondary metabolites from Diospyros kaki L. using biotechnology techniques. Chemical anaysis were carried out using HPLC technique.

Hydration characteristics, structural effects and the taste quality of some polyhydroxy compounds in aqueous solutions of nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) at (288.15–318.15) K

Physicochemical properties elucidating the hydration characteristics and structural effects of polyhydroxy compounds in mixed aqueous solutions offer significant information for the growth of pharmaceutical and food industries. Consequently, standard partial molar volumes and isentropic compressibilities at infinite dilution of saccharides, their derivatives and sugar alcohols in (0.01, 0.05, 0.09 and 0.13) mol kg−1 nicotinic acid(aq) (vitamin B3) solutions have been investigated by experimental density and ultrasonic velocity with respect to temperature. Their transfer values, compressibility hydration numbers, apparent massic volumes and isentropic compressibilities have also been determined. These parameters are important to study the taste behavior of polyhydroxy compounds and intermolecular interactions occurring in ternary mixtures. UV absorption spectra of the studied polyhydroxy compounds have been recorded in 1 × 10−4 mol kg−1 nicotinic acid(aq) solutions. The comparison of present results has been made with the studies reported earlier in l-ascorbic acid, thiamine HCl and pyridoxine HCl.

Development of an Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry Method for Accurate Determination of Thiamine in Diverse Food Matrices

Many foods contain thiamine as a natural or fortified nutrient. In order to realize accurate measurement of thiamine in various food matrices, analytical methods should be developed on the basis of careful examination of the matrix and the analytes in the matrix. An isotope dilution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the analysis of thiamine in various samples such as multivitamin tablets, infant formula, rice, and wheat flour. After using spiked isotope-labeled thiamine HCl (13C4-thiamine HCl) as an internal standard, samples were analyzed by LC/MS in a selected reaction monitoring mode to detect ions at m/z 265 → 122 and m/z 269 → 122 for thiamine and 13C4-thiamine, respectively. To improve the accuracy and precision of this method, the preparation procedure was optimized depending on the chemical form of thiamine present in each sample. Thiamine in multivitamin tablets, infant formula, rice, and wheat flour was analyzed after buffer extraction, acid hydrolysis, and continuous acid and enzyme hydrolyses, respectively. The instrumental analyses were also optimized for individual samples, facilitating excellent repeatability (0.16–0.81%) and reproducibility (0.1–4%). The accuracy of the developed method was verified by comparing the experimental data with the certified values of certified reference materials. Thus, optimization of the preparation procedures and ID-LC-MS/MS method allowed the accurate determination of thiamine in diverse food matrices.

Molecular Interactions of Saccharides and Their Derivatives with Thiamine HCl and Pyridoxine HCl Vitamins in Aqueous Solutions: Calorimetric, Viscometric, and NMR Spectroscopic Studies

Limiting standard enthalpies of dilution (ΔdilH°) and Jones–Dole viscosity B-coefficients of various polyhydroxy solutes, viz., saccharides, their methyl and deoxy derivatives, and sugar alcohol in 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, and 0.35 mol·kg–1 thiamine HCl(aq) and pyridoxine HCl(aq) solutions have been determined from heat change (q) and viscosity (η) data at T = 288.15–318.15 K and pressure p = 0.1 MPa. The corresponding transfer parameters (ΔtrΔdilH°, ΔtrB), change in heat capacity (ΔdilC°p,2,m), and enthalpic (hAB and hABB) and viscometric (ηAB and ηABB) pair and triplet interaction coefficients have also been derived. The dB/dT coefficients have been calculated and discussed in terms of the kosmotropic or chaotropic nature of solutes in aqueous solutions of vitamins. The present results have also been compared with previously reported studies carried out in l-ascorbic acid.(17) Further, NMR spectroscopy has been employed to understand the nature of interactions occurring in ternary solution {polyhydroxy solute ...

Embryo Germination Development of Coffea arabica L.at Various Media Composition, Subcultures Stages and Embryo Size

Most reliable and efficient protocol for Coffea arabica L. of Sigararutang variety plant regeneration was established using embryoid as an early explant from the induction of embryogenic callus phase. A completely randomized designs with 5 replications was designed to accomplish 20 protocols of embryo germina-tion methods with different steps of subculture, size of embryo and germination medium. The embryogenic calluses from the flush leave explant were induced embryoid on a half-strength MS medium fortified with a half-strength combina-tion vitamin of 1.8 mg/L nicotinic acid, 10.1 mg/L thiamin HCl and 3.1 mg/L pyri-doxine, 50 mg/L myo inositol, 33 mg/L L.cistein, 1 mg/L Kinetin, 0.1 mg/L NAA, 20 gr/L sucrose, 2.4 gr/L gelrite and pH 5.5.The result showed that Protocol 17 was the most effective, with 59,2% of rooted cotyledons, 4.04 cm of length of roots, 1.68 cm of length of hypocotyl, 20.8% of opened cotyledons and 100% of cotyledonary embryo at the end of 8 weeks which used the B medium, large embryos and twice phase of subculture from liquid medium to solid medium. The Protocol 17 is stable protocol from low to high value. Protocol 8 is the steady protocol from high to low value. Protocols 17 and 8 are the highest and lowest ranking, respectively, for each parameter. Protocol 17 is the most suitable for the germination embryo somatic.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CHEWABLE MULTIVITAMIN TABLET

Objective: The overall objective of the present study was to formulate the chewable multivitamin tablet prepared by direct compression method.Methods: The excipient used in this study are mannitol, sucrose, starch, talc, magnesium stearate, vanilla powder for the effective formulation. As it is multivitamin, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, nicotinamide, thiamine HCL are used and evaluated for precompression parameter. The chewable tablets were better presented using sweetener sucrose and vanilla powder as a flavouring agent. The formulated tablet was evaluated for post compression parameter. The chewable tablet are prepared to ensure that they are easily crushed by chewing. The tablet was evaluated for weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, drug content. Their dissolution properties were assessed using USP (paddle apparatus).Conclusion: From the above study, we conclude that the chewable tablets were prepared by direct compression method and gave the satisfactory and acceptable result. The tablet shows immediate drug release due to direct compressed tabletResults: All the parameter were found within the specification. Drug content of ascorbic acid (103.62%-108.84%), riboflavin (99.88%-112.02%), nicotinamide (93.44%-100.31), thiamine Hcl (105.94%-108.5%) were found.

Solvation behavior and sweetness response of carbohydrates, their derivatives and sugar alcohols in thiamine HCl (vitamin B1) and pyridoxine HCl (vitamin B6) at different temperatures

Volumetric properties are important tools to study the solvation behavior of solutes and reveal valuable information about solute-solute/cosolute interactions. Therefore, standard partial molar volumes at infinite dilution have been calculated from density measurements for monosaccharides, their methoxy and deoxy derivatives, disaccharides and sugar alcohols in (0.05, 0.15, 0.25 and 0.35)molkg−1 thiamine HCl(aq) and pyridoxine HCl(aq) solutions over temperature range (288.15–318.15)K at pressure, p=0.1MPa. The corresponding transfer volumes, expansibilities and apparent massic volumes have been evaluated to examine the solvation behavior and the basic taste quality of studied solutes. UV–Vis absorption study of these solutes has also been carried out in 1.0×10−4molkg−1 thiamine HCl and pyridoxine HCl solutions. Results have been compared with our previously reported studies carried out in l-ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Stereochemical effects on hydration controlled by dominant conformations of studied solutes have also been discussed.