Corrigendum to “Unlocking thermal flexibility through demand-side response: baseline methodology assessment and heating electrification in the Baltic region” [Thermal Sci. Eng. Prog. 70 (2026) 104498

Two-dimensional (2D) materials hold significant promise for next-generation nanoelectronics while introducing critical thermal management challenges. The extreme thinness, anisotropic heat transport, and unique interfacial coupling make the thermal design principles of 2D materials-based electronics fundamentally different from that of bulk systems. In this Perspective, we discuss exciting opportunities that leverage recent advances in thermal science to unlock unprecedented thermal management capabilities, thereby providing new insights into the design of 2D materials-based electronics. We first provide an overview of key thermophysical properties of 2D materials that govern thermal management performance, including in-plane thermal conductivity, interfacial thermal conductance, and thermal expansion coefficient. Then, we not only highlight important physical phenomena distinct from bulk materials but more notably illustrate how the interplay among these thermophysical properties ultimately dictates the unique characteristics of heat dissipation and thermomechanical stress in 2D materials-based electronic devices. With both material- and device-level insights, we identify key thermal bottlenecks in existing 2D materials-based electronic devices and present a fully quantitative roadmap toward an electrical and thermal co-design strategy for substantially improved thermal management. Bridging thermal innovations to the device design, we envision this Perspective can foster next-generation thermal management technologies for reliable 2D materials-based electronics.

Retraction notice to “Outdoor space VR design based on intelligent sensing and thermal radiation images: Application of artificial intelligence in design” [Thermal Sci. and Eng. Prog. 60 (2025) 103410

The 3ω technique is a prominent thermal conductivity measurement methodology for thin films, substrates, nanowires, and thermal boundary conductance. The extraction of the thermal conductivity typically relies on measuring the thermal response across a wide range of frequencies and determining the slope within acceptable limiting conditions, which can be a time-consuming process prone to error from the amplification of noise when taking the derivative of discrete temperature data to determine thermal conductivity. Here, we develop and demonstrate a frequency-modulated 3ω method (FM-3ω) with which we directly measure the derivative of the 3ω signal by varying the center frequency ω, eliminating the need to postprocess the data, thereby reducing the time to take such measurements from hours to minutes. Our modulation approach is a frequency modulation method in which the frequency ω of the excitation current is sinusoidally varied over time. We show that our new method produces results with similar accuracy to the traditional method on bulk sapphire and borofloat 33 samples, and we further explore the limitations of modulation depth and center frequency on the results. We find that thermal conductivity measurements from the FM-3ω method agree well with thermal conductivities extracted through linear fits to temperature data over similar frequency windows of the traditional method. Our method provides a new strategy using frequency modulation and tandem demodulation to directly measure the derivative of temperature, thus contributing to the advancement of thermal transport sciences by increasing the ease and pace of measuring the thermal conductivity of thin films and multilayer structures.

It is with great pleasure that we introduce the proceedings of the 4 th International Conference on Recent Trends in Mechanical Engineering Sciences (RTIMES-25) , held in a hybrid format on the 9 th and 10 th of May, 2025. This conference was proudly organized by the Departments of Mechanical, Marine, Aeronautical, and Automobile Engineering at the Srinivas Institute of Technology , Mangaluru, India. RTIMES-25 continues the legacy of its predecessors, aiming to provide a dynamic platform for researchers, academicians, and industry professionals to present and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, and challenges in the expansive field of Mechanical Engineering Sciences. The conference intended to foster a collaborative environment where theoretical knowledge and practical research outcomes could be shared, leading to new insights and advancements in the field. The discussions encompassed a wide array of themes, including Advanced Manufacturing and Materials, Aerospace and Aeronautical Innovations, Automotive Engineering and Smart Mobility, Marine and Offshore Engineering, Thermal and Fluid Sciences, Robotics and Automation, Renewable Energy and Sustainability, and Computational and AI-Driven Engineering. The organisers are grateful for the keynote speakers Dr. Manjaiah M, Assistant Professor, NIT Warangal, India and Dr Shivaprasad KV, Assistant Researcher at Durham University, United Kingdom. List of Conference Leadership and Committees are available in this PDF.

Abstract Heat conduction and radiation are two of the three fundamental modes of heat transfer, playing a critical role in a wide range of scientific and engineering applications ranging from energy systems to materials science. However, traditional physics-based simulation methods for modeling these processes often suffer from prohibitive computational costs. In recent years, the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have demonstrated remarkable potential in the modeling of nanoscale heat conduction and radiation. This review presents a comprehensive overview of recent AI-driven developments in modeling heat conduction and radiation at the nanoscale. We first discuss the ML techniques for predicting phonon properties, including phonon dispersion and scattering rates, which are foundational for determining material thermal properties. Next, we explore the role of machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) in molecular dynamics simulations and their applications to bulk materials, low-dimensional systems, and interfacial transport. We then review the ML approaches for solving radiative heat transfer problems, focusing on data-driven solutions to Maxwell’s equations and the radiative transfer equation. We further discuss the ML-accelerated inverse design of radiative energy devices, including optimization-based and generative model-based methods. Finally, we discuss open challenges and future directions, including data availability, model generalization, uncertainty quantification, and interpretability. Through this survey, we aim to provide a foundational understanding of how AI techniques are reshaping thermal science and guiding future research in nanoscale heat transfer.

Introduction The use of renewable energy is essential to realize a decarbonized society, but solar power generation, for example, is affected by weather conditions. Reversible Solid Oxide Cells (r-SOC)1,2 have been attracting attention because they can perform both power generation (SOFC) and electrolysis (SOEC) in a single cell and can adjust the supply and demand of electricity. The conventional cermet fuel electrodes used in r-SOCs, such as Ni-GDC, have technical issues such as Ni particle agglomeration and Ni sublimation under high partial pressure of water vapor3,4,5. Therefore, our research group has developed an alternative fuel electrode with highly dispersed catalytic Ni particles and GDC on the surface of conductive backbone (La-Sr-Ti oxide (LST) and Gd-doped ceria (GDC)), denoted here as Ni-GDC co-impregnated fuel electrode6．This is fabricated by highly dispersing catalytic Ni particles and GDCs on the surface of LST and GDC to achieve higher durability. Here in this study, we apply various Ni-GDC co-impregnated fuel electrodes with different Ni and GDC loadings and evaluate their initial electrochemical performance and long-term durability especially in SOEC operating mode. Experimental Two types of Ni-GDC co-impregnated fuel electrodes, and Ni-GDC cermet fuel electrodes as cermet-based fuel electrodes for comparison, were used in this study. The Ni-GDC co-impregnated fuel electrode consists of porous LST and GDC composite electrode framework, which was co-impregnated with catalytic Ni and GDC. Details of the cell with the Ni-GDC co-impregnated fuel electrode are compiled in Table 1. Each cell was fabricated using LSCF/GDC for the air electrode and YSZ for the supporting electrolyte plate. A Pt reference electrode was deposited onto the electrolyte on the air electrode side. The voltage measurement terminals of the electrochemical measurement setup were connected between the reference electrode and the fuel electrode to evaluate the fuel electrode potential. The structure of the Ni-GDC co-impregnated cell is shown in Fig.1. Initial performance tests and SOEC 1000-hour durability tests were conducted at an operating temperature of 800°C and 50%-humidified hydrogen. In addition, STEM-EDS and FIB-SEM observation of the fuel electrodes before and after the durability tests were conducted. Results and discussion Figure 2 shows the results of the initial performance tests. The electrochemical performance of the Ni-GDC co-impregnated fuel electrode is slightly lower than that of the Ni-GDC cermet fuel electrode. However, the Ni-GDC co-impregnated fuel electrode has sufficient performance to operate as r-SOCs because of the increased two-phase boundary created by the highly dispersed catalytic Ni particles. Comparison between Ni-GDC co-impregnated fuel electrodes shows no significant difference when the loading of GDC was changed. Therefore, regardless of the Ni and GDC loadings, the Ni-GDC co-impregnated fuel electrode exhibits sufficient performance to operate for r-SOCs.Figure 3 shows the results of SOEC 1000-hour durability tests for the Ni-GDC cermet fuel electrode, and the two types of Ni-GDC co-impregnated fuel electrode. The Ni-GDC co-impregnated fuel electrode exhibited less degradation than the cermet fuel electrode. Furthermore, the co-impregnated fuel electrode with the highest loading of GDC showed the lowest degradation. Since the backbone of the co-impregnated fuel electrode, LST-GDC, consists of stable oxides, it is considered to be more durable than the conventional cermet fuel electrodes which have the Ni-based backbone structure. The Ni-GDC co-impregnated fuel electrode is also considered to suppress Ni aggregation by highly dispersing Ni and GDC on its stable framework.STEM-EDS and FIB-SEM observation before and after the durability tests were conducted to reveal the degradation factors of each fuel electrode. The results will be presented in the SOFC-XIX symposium. Acknowledgements This work was supported by Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) as part of Adopting Sustainable Partnerships for Innovative Research Ecosystem (ASPIRE), Grant Number JPMJAP2307. An initial part of this study was supported by NEDO (JPNP20005). We thank all the parties concerned. References (1) N. Q. Minh, and M. B. Mogensen, Electrochem. Soc. Interface, 22, 55 (2013).(2) M. B .Mogensen, M. Chen, H. L. Frandsen, C. Graves, J. B. Hansen, K. V.. Hansen, A. Hauch, T Jacobsen, S. H. Jensen, T. L. Skafte, and X. Sun, Clean Energy, 3, 175 (2019).(3) M. B. Mogensen, M. Chen, H. L. Frandsen, C. Graves, A. Hauch, P. V. Hendriksen, T. Jacobsen,S. H. Jensen , T. L. Skafte, and X. Sun, Fuel Cells, 21, 415 (2021).(4) M. Hubert, J. Laurencin, P. Cloetens, B. More, D. Montinaro, and F. Lefebvre-Joud, J. Power Sources, 397, 240 (2018).(5) A. Sciazko, T. Shimura, Y. Komatsu, and N.Shikazono, J. Thermal Science and Technology, 16(1), JTST0013 (2021).(6) S. Futamura, A. Muramoto, Y. Tachikawa, J. Matsuda, S. M. Lyth, Y. Shiratori, S. Taniguchi, and K. Sasaki, J. Hydrogen Energy, 44(16), 8502 (2019). Figure 1

The main focus of the current study is to present a detailed review the impact of physical and thermal properties of thermophoretic convective heat transfer in different fluids by taking insight from the previous literature or published research. Further, the second aim is to provide a strong ground of study for scholars, researchers and scientists those are working in this field through detailed literature review. The main source of thermophoretic particles is the fossil fuels that released the thermophoretic particles such as carbon dioxide , methane , Black Carbon and many others. Since the thermophoresis particles are acidic and submicron in size, they can contribute to climate change by altering weather patterns and raising atmospheric temperatures. This study will give a clear insight to the researchers how the classical research is important to establish new theories and innovations in the field of thermal fluid science. It is important to point out that the thermophoretic heat transfer is a phenomenon in which very small particles move away from the hot surface or come towards the cold surface due to the temperature gradient. Numerous applications of the thermophoresis mechanism can be found in the natural sciences and engineering, including the recently growing problem of climate change. The main novelty of the current review is to discuss the combined characteristics of thermophoretic particles for different aspect of heat and mass transfer issues along different geometries. This study highlights the importance of these tiny/small particles in newly emerging issue of global warming in current literature. Additionally, the introduction section provides a thorough explanation of several elements of the thermophoresis particle's features based on information gathered from the literature.

Corrigendum to ‘Study on the steady-state performance and condensation phase change flow of steam hydrostatic dry gas seals’ [Thermal Sci. Eng. Prog. 65(2025) September 103931

Against the backdrop of the automotive industry's electrification revolution, a significant discrepancy has emerged between industry needs and the talent cultivation models of traditional engineering education. This paper addresses the global challenge of outdated thermal science curricula, which remain focused on internal combustion engines, leaving graduates ill-equipped for the complexities of Electric Vehicle (EV) thermal management. To address this issue, we present a systematic, multi-dimensional framework for modernizing these foundational courses. The proposed curriculum shifts the teaching focus from heat engines to battery thermal physics, heat pump systems, and Integrated Thermal Management Systems (ITMS). It incorporates advanced cooling technologies, modern simulation tools, and project-based learning, utilizing case studies to bridge theoretical teaching with engineering practice. This work provides a detailed reference blueprint for vehicle engineering programs. More importantly, it offers a referential and transferable pedagogical framework that can guide other engineering disciplines in adapting their legacy curricula to confront disruptive technological change.

Corrigendum to “Study on air temperature and soil hydrothermal distribution patterns in shallow-buried metro tunnels in cold regions” [Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 65 (2025) 103922

Purpose The pursuit of high-efficiency thermal management systems has led to significant interest in hybrid nanofluids due to their enhanced thermal properties. This study aims to investigate the effects of obstacle location and size and Joule heating on magneto-hydrodynamic mixed convection flow of a hybrid nanofluid within a channel featuring a heated dimpled section and an adiabatic cylindrical obstacle. Design/methodology/approach The control model consisted of a system of partial differential equations with boundary constraints. Using the finite element method, the authors examined the impact of varying Joule heating, obstacle radius and position, Reynolds number, Hartmann number and Rayleigh number on flow pattern, heat transfer rates and entropy generation. Findings The optimal configuration for maximizing heat transfer and minimizing entropy generation involves a smaller obstacle radius, moderate magnetic field, low Joule heating and increased nanoparticle volume fraction. The results indicate that hybrid nanofluids significantly augment heat transfer under certain conditions and that obstacle geometry is crucial in optimizing both thermal and fluid dynamics. Research limitations/implications The flow is laminar and incompressible. Practical implications These insights are essential for advancing the design of high-efficiency thermal management systems. The nanofluid can be used in chemical engineering, heat exchangers and nuclear reactor. Social implications This study is mainly useful for thermal sciences and chemical engineering. Originality/value The uniqueness in this research is the study of the effects of obstacle location and size and Joule heating on magneto-hydrodynamic mixed convection flow of a hybrid nanofluid within a channel. The obtained results are unique and valuable and it can be used in various field of technology.

This literature review explores the role of symmetry in thermal sciences, fluid dynamics, and energy applications, emphasizing the theoretical and practical implications. Symmetry is a fundamental tool for simplifying complex problems, enhancing computational efficiency, and improving system design across multiple engineering and physics domains. Thermal and fluid processes are applied in several modern energy use technologies, essentially involving the complex, multidimensional interaction of fluid mechanics and thermodynamics, such as renewable energy applications, combustion diagnostics, or Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-based optimization, where symmetry is highly considered to simplify geometric parameters. Indeed, the interconnection between experimental analysis and the numerical simulation of processes is an important field. Symmetry operates as a unifying principle, its presence determining everything from the stability of turbulent flows to the efficiency of nuclear reactors, revealing hidden patterns that transcend scales and disciplines. Rotational invariance in pipelines; rotors of hydraulic, thermal, and wind turbines, and in many other cases, for instance, not only lowers computational cost but also guarantees that solutions validated in the laboratory can be effectively scaled up to industrial applications, demonstrating its crucial role in bridging theoretical concepts and real-world implementation. Thus, a wide range of symmetry solutions is exhibited in this research area, the results of which contribute to the development of science and fast information for decision making in industry. In this review, essential findings from prominent research were synthesized, highlighting how symmetry has been conceptualized and applied in these contexts.

On the direct design of future open cells foams for thermal science application

Abstract The study of heat and mass transport in non-Newtonian nanofluids has received a lot of attention due to their excellent thermal characteristics and wide range of industrial applications. Studying the heat and mass transport properties of non-Newtonian fluids is essential because of their complicated rheological behavior in contrast to traditional Newtonian fluids. Energy storage, cooling systems, and biomedical applications are just a few of the practical and manufacturing procedures that benefit from the additional thermal conductivity and heat transfer efficiency provided by nanofluids, which are composed of nanoparticles in a base fluid. This exploration communicates melting heat in mixed convective fourth (4th) grade nanofluid flow through stretchable surface. Thermal and solutal stratification impacts are also considered. Additionally, the heat and mass transportation are precisely introduced in this analysis along with a more exact boundary constraint. Cattaneo–Christov binary diffusion and melting condition are taken for two-dimensional fourth (4th)-grade nanofluid model. The main partial differential equations (PDEs) are converted into ordinary differential system (ODS) after utilizing transformation. The analytical solutions were estimated using the optimal homotopy analysis method (OHAM). Furthermore, the consequences of various parameters on physical quantities are discussed. Velocity profile increases for higher estimation of material variables and reduces for Darcy parameter. Radiation parameters increase heat transfer rates and change fluid flow behavior, with significant effects on temperature distribution. Thermal and solutal stratification shows opposite trend for temperature and concentration that significantly affects temperature and concentration profiles. Entropy enhances radiation parameter. The findings of this research are particularly useful in advanced thermal engineering and material sciences, especially in aerospace cooling systems, microfluidic devices, and nanotechnology applications. They additionally provide important insight into the development of MHD-based control mechanisms for enhancing heat and mass transfer performance in industrial coating, extrusion, and energy storage processes.

Abstract The study of ternary hybrid nanofluids is a fascinating area of research that explores the unique properties and potential applications of combining three distinct solid components within a conventional fluid to enhance thermal efficiency. These nanofluids hold immense potential for improving heat transfer properties for various industrial applications. Their enhanced cooling abilities, coupled with their suitability for energy storage systems, make them a valuable tool for industries seeking to improve their cooling systems, save energy, and enhance cooling mechanisms. The effects of the nanoparticle shape factor on the steady two‐dimensional hydrothermal flow of an incompressible MHD Prandtl–Eyring ternary hybrid nanofluid are examined in this research. All aspects of the process are considered during the computation, including activation energy effects and binary chemical reactions. Our governing equations have been turned into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity transformations, which we can solve numerically by using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method. The investigation was carried out using graphs, charts, streamlines, and contour diagrams to illustrate the significant findings. To ascertain the flow factors related to velocity, temperature, and concentration, a parametric estimate method was employed. Utilized statistical analyses include regression, correlation, and probable error. Several amazing correlation coefficients are observed, and there is a strong association between the parameters and the physical features. The concentration field grows with a surge in activation energy, while the concentration of nanoparticles drops with an increase in chemical reaction. The selection of ternary hybrid nanofluids can significantly impact the performance of systems involved in steam generation, cooling, and heating due to their enhanced thermal properties. This study bridges a critical gap in understanding the interplay of non‐Newtonian behaviors and advanced nanofluid systems, providing a robust framework for future technological advancements in fluid dynamics and thermal sciences.

Dataset on fuel properties and volatile organic compounds from chemically synthesized biomass components for modeling and predicting biomass properties in pyrolysis processes.

Liquid metals (LMs), with their unique metallic and fluidic properties at room temperature, show promising potential in advanced thermal-related applications. Nevertheless, challenges, such as high surface tension, limited wettability, phase separation, leakage, and corrosion, limit their integration into broader applications. In this Perspective, we overview the interfacial engineering approaches in enhancing the compatibility and stability of LMs in complex application environments. Additionally, applications of LMs in thermal energy conduction, storage, conversion, and infrared modulation and control are discussed. This Perspective highlights the critical role of interfacial engineering in LM-based systems and the pathways for developing next-generation LM-enabled thermal technologies.

Controlling and manipulating radiative heat transfer remains a pivotal challenge in both scientific inquiry and technological advancement, traditionally tackled through the precise geometric design of metastructures. However, geometrical optimization cannot break the inherent shackles of local modes within individual meta-atoms, which hinders sustained progress in radiative heat transfer. Here, we propose a comprehensive strategy based on interatomic displacement to achieve superior heat transfer performance while obviating the need for increasingly complex structural designs. This meta-atomic displacement strategy enables a shift from quasi-isolated localized resonances to extended nonlocal resonant modes induced by strong interactions among neighboring meta-atoms, resulting in a radiative heat conductance that surpasses other previously reported geometrical structures. Furthermore, this meta-atomic displacement strategy can be seamlessly applied to various metastructures, offering significant implications for advancing thermal science and next-generation energy devices.

In this study, we have focused on examining the steady motion of a nanofluid characterized by tangent hyperbolic properties as it traverses across a vertically elongating surface. In the current analysis, we take into account the effects of the slip phenomena as well as the influence of thermal radiation. We assume that the sheet is permeable, allowing for the presence of either a suction or injection velocity. The purpose of this study is to gain insights into heat transfer and fluid dynamics, with different practical applications in engineering processes. The methodology includes mathematically modeling with partial differential equations, utilizing numerical methods for solution, and integrating nanofluid properties and boundary conditions. Based on the previously mentioned assumptions, we formulated a mathematical model in a differential form by employing boundary layer approximations. We have transformed the differential model into a dimensionless system by applying appropriate conversions. We utilized the numerical shooting technique within the Mathematica software package to solve the system of dimensionless differential equations. We have displayed the impacts of the key physical parameters that govern the mathematical model in both tabular and graphical formats. Investigating the flow of tangent hyperbolic nanofluids holds great importance as it can offer valuable insights for practical applications across engineering, nanotechnology, and thermal sciences. Notable findings from the study reveal that the velocity function showed decreased values due to higher values of the suction parameter, power law index parameter, and slip velocity parameter. The results of this research have been evaluated in the context of the previously established body of knowledge, demonstrating a significant agreement that supports the validity of the present solutions.