Thermal Radiation Flux Research Articles

Cattaneo-christov heat flux theory in tangent hyperbolic hybrid nanofluids with thermal radiation for renewable energy applications

The aim of current paper is to explore the dynamics of Tangent hyperbolic hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer over a stretchy surface, combined effect of thermal radiation and Cattaneo-Christov heat flux effects also incorporated in the energy equation. Hybrid nanofluids are advanced class of nanofluid have several engineering applications due to their enhanced thermal, electrical, and rheological properties. Here we developed a mathematical model for two-dimensional hybrid nanofluid containing particles copper (Cu) and alumina oxide (Al2O3) suspended with base fluid H2O. Variable viscosity and viscous dissipation aspect also amalgamated in the present study. After applying the dimensionless variables, the governing PDE's are converted into ODE's. The numerical computations are performed with the help of MATLAB software. The most important outcomes predefined pertinent parameters like magnetic parameter, Weissenberg number, relaxation time, thermal radiation parameter, prosperity parameter, convective parameter, Prandtl number, heat source parameter, Eckert number, on velocity and temperature profile are thoroughly examined graphically and physically. There occur increment in the temperature profile of hybrid nanofluid than regular nanofluid. Also over current outcomes shows close agreement for a particular cases.

Computation of Thermal Radiative Flux from a Porous Medium by Using Fractal–Fractional Operator

Computation of Thermal Radiative Flux from a Porous Medium by Using Fractal–Fractional Operator

Efficiency analysis of solar radiation on chemical radioactive nanofluid flow over a porous surface with magnetic field

Artificial neural networks have revolutionized machine learning by providing exceptional capabilities for modeling complicated mechanisms and solving various challenges. Backpropagation is an important training technique in the field of artificial neural networks. However, this technique must be optimized when working with complicated fluid dynamics. This study analyzes the three-dimensional radiative flow of a tangent hyperbolic fluid driven by the Cattaneo-Christov flux system across a porous stretching sheet using ANN backpropagation enhanced by Bayesian Regularization approach. Heat and mass transfer analysis includes thermal radiation, chemical reactions and Cattaneo-Christov flux model. Porosity, radiation, chemical reaction rate, and ion slip effect are among the important physical characteristics that are modified to see how they affect fluid dynamics. Using MATLAB's BVP4C solver, the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles that result from these model equations provide the training dataset for ANNs. The dataset is divided into 80 % for training, 10 % for testing, and 10 % for validation. Performance plots, regression graphs, and error histograms are used to analyze the performance of the LMT-based ANN and demonstrate its high accuracy and efficiency. With an R2 value of 1, the ANN produced a mean squared error of around 10⁻11. Fluid mobility drops as the magnetic parameter grows, while the thermal profile exhibits an increasing trend. Similarly, decreasing fluid velocity is the outcome of raising the porosity parameter. The study's conclusions have great potential for use in sectors that need sophisticated cooling and heating equipment.

PAM material that instantly gives ordinary fabrics excellent flame retardant and thermal insulation properties for fire rescue

To effectively reduce the damage caused by flame burns or heat transfer to the human body during fire, we used PAM aqueous solution as the matrix, XG as the thickener, HPMC as the water-retaining agent to form the basic material system, and added different functional particles (APP, PTW, HCB) to prepare a fire-proof and heat-insulating PAM flame-retardant material for fire emergency rescue. Ordinary cotton fabrics were impregnated into PAM flame-retardant materials using a simple impregnation process. After the impregnation, the test was performed in a non-dropping state (simulating the thermal protection effect of PAM flame retardant materials directly acting on the outside of the human body at the fire scene). The results show that the PAM flame retardant material prepared by adding 4 wt% HCB has the best comprehensive performance. TPP test shows that spraying PAM flame retardant material on the outside of the fabric can instantly give the fabric a higher thermal protection performance. Under the total heat flux of 84 kW/m2, the thermal performance protection value of the fabric is 2641.8 kW·s/m2, and the second-degree burn time can reach 31.45 s. PAM flame retardant material does not damage the fabric. After soaping, the air permeability of the fabric decreases slightly, the moisture permeability and wettability are improved, and the breaking strength is almost unchanged. The CCT test showed that the thermal radiation flux was 50 KW/m2, the PHRR value of PAM flame retardant material was 10.64552 KW/m2, the THR was 6.9 MJ/m2, and the flame retardant performance was excellent. The PAM flame retardant material prepared in this project can be applied to the fire scene and directly sprayed on the outside of the clothing of rescuers and recipients, giving the fabric a better thermal protection effect. It can also be used to extinguish fires in the external environment. This material offers a novel solution for enhancing fire rescuers' and victims' safety protection levels.

Investigation of the energy release characteristics and damage of thermobaric explosive under unconstrained conditions

To investigate the energetic release attributes and damage potential of a specific thermobaric explosive at atmospheric pressure, we had employed a pressure testing system, high-speed camera system, and thermal imager to elucidate the impact of explosive mass on the energetic release characteristics. Our findings underscored that thermobaric explosive can significantly enhance the after-burning effect. We noted a discernible positive relationship among the magnitude of the explosive force, post-detonation combustion effects, and the inherent quality of the given explosive. In addition, the resultant overpressure from the shockwave, positive pressure-area impulse, and the duration of the positive pressure, all markedly exceeded those produced by TNT, exhibiting increases of 38.9 %, 51.48 %, and 7 %, respectively. To quantify their explosive potency, empirical formulae were derived to account for the shock wave parameters of thermobaric explosive. Under equivalent mass conditions, the peak thermal radiation flux per unit area from thermobaric explosive substantially exceeded that of TNT. When the PROBIT (probability unit) model and the overpressure-impulse criteria were utilized to ascertain the damage potential of the respective explosives on human targets and structures, it emerged that TBX imparted superior destructive effects. This analysis underpinned the foundational assessment concerning the blast hazard presented by TBX.

Thermal energy propagation characteristics and hazard effects of hydrogen cloud explosion

Hydrogen has advantages such as high energy density and zero carbon emissions, but it poses a risk of generating explosion fireballs in the air. The gas explosion process not only involves thermal radiation from the fireball but also heat conduction and convection caused by the diffusion of high-temperature products. In this work, the thermal parameters of hydrogen cloud explosion with different equivalence ratios and gas cloud radius in an unconfined space were investigated. The results show that the flame temperature-distance curve of a hydrogen explosion exhibited a ’Z’ type. The maximum distance of flame propagation is positively correlated with the peak thermal radiation flux and cloud radius and increases first and then remains steady with the equivalence ratio. When only considering thermal convection, the minimum injury distance of flame temperature is achieved, and the thermal radiation effect can promote the flame propagation speed. Under the q-t criterion, the effective thermal radiation radius of first-level damage at a gas cloud size of 1 m was 6.11 m at φ = 1.2, which was 1.89 times that of φ = 0.6. Compared with the thermal dose criterion, the thermal flux-time criterion results in a larger thermal injury radius. The propulsion effect of hydrogen explosion products can cause the hydrogen cloud in the premixed zone to diffuse outward. The critical distance of hydrogen diffusion within the lower explosion limit was also analyzed. This study provides significant guiding implications for preventing hazards in people and buildings.

Chemically reactive non-Newtonian fluid flow through a vertical microchannel with activation energy impacts: A numerical investigation

This work examines the second law analysis of an electrically conducting reactive third-grade fluid flow embedded with the porous medium in a microchannel with the influence of variable thermal conductivity, activation energy, viscous dissipation, joule heating, and radiative heat flux. A suitable non-dimensional variable is included into the governing equations to transform them into an ensemble of equations that are devoid of dimensions. The acquired equations are then tackled using the Runge Kutta Felhberg 4th and 5th order (RKF-45) approach in conjunction with the shooting methodology. Through comparison with the current results, the numerical results are verified, which provides a good agreement. From the present outcomes, it is established that the entropy generation is supreme for the viscous heating constraint, variable thermal conductivity, Frank Kameneski, heat source ratio parameter and third-grade fluid material constraint. The Bejan number boosts up with larger values of activation energy, and Frank Kameneski constraint and the decreasing nature is noticed for increasing third-grade material parameter, viscous heating parameter. With magnetism, the fluid’s velocity slows down because of a resistive force. A similar impact in the channel on velocity is noticed for larger third-grade fluid, activation energy parameter, and Frank-Kameniski parameters and increasing behavior is noticed for variable thermal conductivity, and permeability parameter. Further, it is cleared that the variable thermal conductivity assumption in the channel plate leads to a significant under prediction of the irreversibility rate.

Hydrogen in the Natural Gas Network—Relevance for Existing Fire Precautions

Power-to-gas technology can be used to convert excess power from renewable energies to hydrogen by means of water electrolysis. This hydrogen can serve as “chemical energy storage” and be converted back to electricity or fed into the natural gas grid. In the presented study, a leak in a household pipe in a single-family house with a 13 kW heating device was experimentally investigated. An admixture of up to 40% hydrogen was set up to produce a scenario of burning leakage. Due to the outflow and mixing conditions, a lifted, turbulent diffusion flame was formed. This led to an additional examination point and expanded the aim and novelty of the experimental investigation. In addition to the fire safety experimental simulation of a burning leakage, the resulting complex properties of the flame, namely the lift-off height, flame length, shape and thermal radiation, have also been investigated. The obtained results of this show clearly that, as a consequence of the hydrogen addition, the main properties of the flame, such as lifting height, flame temperature, thermal radiation and total heat flux densities along the flame, have been changed. To supplement the measurements with thermocouples, imaging methods based on the Sobel gradient were used to determine the lifting height and the flame length. In order to analyze the determined values, a probability density function was created.

Energy Gain Kernel for Climate Feedbacks. Part I: Formulation and Physical Understanding

Abstract This paper introduces a climate feedback kernel, referred to as the “energy gain kernel” (EGK). EGK allows for separating the net longwave radiative energy perturbations given by a Planck feedback matrix explicitly into thermal energy emission perturbations of individual layers and thermal radiative energy flux convergence perturbations at individual layers resulting from the coupled atmosphere–surface temperature changes in response to the unit forcing in individual layers. The former is represented by the diagonal matrix of a Planck feedback matrix and the latter by EGK. Elements of EGK are all positive, representing amplified energy perturbations at a layer where forcing is imposed and energy gained at other layers, both of which are achieved through radiative thermal coupling within an atmosphere–surface column. Applying EGK to input energy perturbations, whether external or internal due to responses of nontemperature feedback processes to external energy perturbations, such as water vapor and albedo feedbacks, yields their total energy perturbations amplified through radiative thermal coupling within an atmosphere–surface column. As the strength of EGK depends exclusively on climate mean states, it offers a solution for effectively and objectively separating control climate state information from climate perturbations for climate feedback studies. Given that an EGK comprises critical climate mean state information on mean temperature, water vapor, clouds, and surface pressure, we envision that the diversity of EGK across different climate models could provide insight into the inquiry of why, under the same anthropogenic greenhouse gas increase scenario, different models yield varying degrees of global mean surface warming. Significance Statement The wide range of 2.5°–4.0°C in global warming projections by climate models hinders our ability to predict its impacts. The newly introduced energy gain kernel (EGK) provides critical information for climate mean infrared opacity, which is collectively determined by climate mean temperature, water vapor, clouds, and surface pressure fields. EGK is directly derived from physical principles without additional definition. EGK captures the temperature feedback’s amplification of energy perturbations initiated from both external forcing and internal nontemperature feedback processes. EGK allows for disentangling positive and negative aspects of temperature feedback, rectifying the common misconception in existing temperature kernels that portray temperature feedback as predominantly negative. The diversity of EGK across different climate models may help explain their varying global warming degrees.

Arrhenius evaluation of thermal radiative flux and energy for flowing micropolar nanofluid at stagnation point: a case of thermal study

Arrhenius evaluation of thermal radiative flux and energy for flowing micropolar nanofluid at stagnation point: a case of thermal study

Computation of hydromagnetic tangent hyperbolic non-Newtonian flow from a rotating non-isothermal cone to a non-Darcy porous medium with thermal radiative flux

A theoretical and numerical study is conducted on nonlinear, steady-state thermal convection boundary layer flow of a magnetized incompressible Tangent Hyperbolic non-Newtonian fluid from a rotating cone to a non-Darcy porous medium. Power-law variation in temperature on the cone surface is considered and thermal radiation heat transfer is also present. The Brinkman-Darcy-Forchheimer model is deployed for the porous medium. The study is motivated by rotational (spin) coating with new emerging magnetic rheological polymers, a process which often utilizes filtration media and high temperatures. The transformed non-dimensional conservation equations are solved numerically subject to physically appropriate boundary conditions using a second-order accurate implicit finite-difference Keller Box technique. The numerical code is validated with previous studies. Extensive visualization of axial, tangential velocity components and temperature distributions with variation in key parameters including Rosseland radiative number, Darcy number, Forchheimer number (non-Darcy inertial parameter), magnetic interaction parameter, tangent-hyperbolic non-Newtonian power-law index and Weissenberg (non-Newtonian) number is included. Additionally, axial and tangential (circumferential) skin friction and Nusselt number values are tabulated for variation in key control parameters. With increasing Weissenberg number, axial velocity is depleted near the cone surface, tangential velocity is suppressed throughout the boundary layer regime and temperature is strongly enhanced. Axial flow is strongly decelerated further from the cone surface with increasing tangent-hyperbolic power-law index and there is also a significant depletion in tangential (swirl) velocity. Temperature is however boosted throughout the boundary layer transverse to the cone surface with a rise in tangent-hyperbolic power-law index. Both tangential and axial velocity are suppressed with increment in magnetic interaction parameter whereas temperature and thermal boundary layer thickness are enhanced. With larger Darcy number (i.e. greater permeability), axial velocity is strongly increased near the cone surface with no tangible modification further from the cone; However tangential velocity is consistently elevated throughout the boundary layer with greater Darcy number whereas temperature is depleted. An increase in Forchheimer number substantially damps both axial and tangential velocity whereas it elevates temperature. Increasing radiative flux strongly energizes the magnetic polymer and elevates temperature but suppresses the axial and tangential velocities. With elevation in non-isothermal wall exponent, axial skin friction is suppressed whereas Nusselt number are elevated at the cone vertex. Further along the cone surface a similar response is observed but there is also a reduction in magnitudes of tangential skin friction.

Triple-diffusive free convection enhancement at the stagnation point on moving sheet under the influence of hall effect and mass flux

This study seeks to examine the impact of convective heat transfer, buoyancy ratios, hall current effect, nonlinear thermal radiation, Schmidt number, Prandtl number and mass flux condition on the temperature profiles, velocity profiles and concentration profiles. The research explores into mass and heat transfer characteristics of a stagnation point flow of a free convective triple diffusion with considerations for convective boundary constraints and nonlinear thermal radiation over a mobile vertical plate. To elucidate the aims and methodology, the study utilizes similarity transformation to convert the governing partial differential equations into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Numerical solutions are obtained employing a fourth-order Runge-Kutta shooting strategy. The findings, showcased through graphical representations, unravel the intricate interplay of parameters, shedding light on flow distribution, temperature, and velocity profiles. These quantitative results not only enhance our scientific understanding of fluid dynamics but also hold practical implications across diverse sectors. Notably, the acquired insights are poised to benefit fields such as environmental science and engineering, where optimizing heat and mass transfer processes is paramount. This research thus contributes valuable perspectives to both the theoretical framework of fluid dynamics and its real-world applications.

Entropy Generation and Thermal Radiation Impact on Magneto-Convective Flow of Heat-Generating Hybrid Nano-Liquid in a Non-Darcy Porous Medium with Non-Uniform Heat Flux

The principal objective of the study is to examine the impact of thermal radiation and entropy generation on the magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nano-fluid, Al2O3/H2O, flow in a Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium with variable heat flux when subjected to an electric field. Investigating the impact of thermal radiation and non-uniform heat flux on the hybrid nano-liquid magnetohydrodynamic flow in a non-Darcy porous environment produces novel and insightful findings. Thus, the goal of the current study is to investigate this. The non-linear governing equation can be viewed as a set of ordinary differential equations by applying the proper transformations. The resultant dimensionless model is numerically solved in Matlab using the bvp4c command. We obtain numerical results for the temperature and velocity distributions, skin friction, and local Nusselt number across a broad range of controlling parameters. We found a significant degree of agreement with other research that has been compared with the literature. The results show that an increase in the Reynolds and Brinckmann numbers corresponds to an increase in entropy production. Furthermore, a high electric field accelerates fluid velocity, whereas the unsteadiness parameter and the presence of a magnetic field slow it down. This study is beneficial to other researchers as well as technical applications in thermal science because it discusses the factors that lead to the working hybrid nano-liquid thermal enhancement.

Heat transfer analysis for 3d ternary hybrid nanofluid flow with MHD and non-fourier flux impact over a linearly stretching surface: Response surface optimization

BackgroundCombining different-shaped nanoparticles enhances the mechanism of heat transfer. Nanoparticles can be spherical, cubic, rod, tube, helical, triangular, hexagonal, oval, or prismatic, and they are frequently combined with the base liquid. Biology and industry are two academic fields that are significantly impacted by nanotechnology. The use of hybrid nanoparticles to enhance heat transport in a working fluid has piqued the curiosity of numerous experts. Ternary hybrid nanofluids are frequently used in heat transfer applications because of have higher thermal conductivity than ordinary fluid, especially as heat exchangers. MotivationIn contemporary times, the amalgamation of liquids has assumed paramount significance in diverse domains including healthcare, production, naval academies, aerosol particle processing, instrument design, and so on. The non-Fourier flux and magnetic impact in three-dimensional flow characteristics using the linear Roseland approximation. Furthermore, ternary solid nanoparticles in a variety of densities and forms were included. Aim and objectiveThe primary goal of the research is in a three-dimensional rectangular closed domain stretching surface with Magnetic effect, linear thermal radiation and non-Fourier flux to analyze the heat and velocity transfer rate with different cases like Case-1: AA7072+SWCNT+MWCNT with PEG−water a base fluid, Case-2 Fe3O4+Diamond+TiO2 considered along as PEG−water a base fluid ternary hybrid nanofluid. Methodology: By transforming the three-dimensional model's governing PDEs into nonlinear ODEs. The ODE45 solver in MATLAB was utilized to construct the graphical representations of the numerical solution findings. Results & conclusionsIt is investigated how well different flow and temperature parameters function when changed. The analysis is also done on simulation findings for friction and heat transmission for different values. And transfer rate are higher in case-2 Fe3O4+Diamond+TiO2 than in case-1 AA7072+SWCNT+MWCNT with base fluid PEG−water. A collection of statistical and mathematical techniques for problem modelling and analysis is known as response surface methodology, or RSM. To guarantee that the response gets close to the desired maximum or minimum value, factorial variable settings are optimised using processes included in RSM. Residual R2 in Case-1 92.65%, Case-2 91.90% will represent the accuracy of the model.

Second law analysis on magnetohydrodynamics flow of Eyring-Powell hybrid nanofluid over a cylinder/plate with non-linear thermal radiation and Cattaneo-Christov heat flux: Numerical and semi-analytical simulations

This study looks at the Powell-Eyring hybrid nanofluids and the magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer effect on a plate and cylinder that are stretching. In this model, we have taken copper-aluminum oxides as the nanoparticles and water as the base fluid. Many different theoretical models now exist to depict the effect of Powell-Eyring fluid flows through a cylinder on thermal transfer. Furthermore, external magnetic forces are perfect for addressing the fluid’s substantial characteristics and managing the system’s momentum and heat transmission. We investigate the heat transport activities of two separate geometries in magnetohydrodynamic fluids by stretching a plate and cylinder with heat production, using Christov-Cattaneo’s heat flux hypothesis to describe the heat transport activities. We convert the basic partial differential equations (PDEs) into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through accurate correspondence transformations. We solve these ordinary differential equations using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. We make use of the HPM on behalf of the nonlinear system to facilitate such a comparison, and demonstrate that graphs and tables can visualize its more precise and consistent results. An increase in the magnetic parameter results in an increase in the Lorentz force, which results in resistance to the flow of fluid, and this is how velocity decreases. For fluid flow, stretched cylinders are better than plates. Higher values of the temperature ratio parameter enhance the temperature profile. Calculating the Brinkman number leads to a decrease in the Nusselt number. It is possible to improve industrial processes like metal extrusion, hot rolling, glass blowing, glass-fibre manufacture, wire drawing, etc. by using this kind of theoretical research.

A Fractional Study of MHD Casson Fluid Motion With Thermal Radiative Flux and Heat Injection/Suction Mechanism Under Ramped Wall Condition: Application of Rabotnov Exponential Kernel

Abstract The primary objective of this research is to extend the concept of fractionalized Casson fluid flow. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convective flow of Casson fluid is conducted, focusing on obtaining analytical solutions using the non-integer-order derivative known as the Yang–Abdel-Aty–Cattani (YAC) operator. The YAC operator utilized in this research possesses a more generalized exponential kernel. The fluid flow is examined in the vicinity of an infinitely vertical plate with a characteristic velocity denoted as u 0. The mathematical modelling of the problem incorporates partial differential equations, incorporating Newtonian heating and ramped conditions. To facilitate the analysis, a suitable set of variables is introduced to transform the governing equations into a dimensionless form. The Laplace transform (LT) is then applied to the fractional system of equations, and the obtained results are presented in series form and also expressed in terms of special functions. The study further investigates the influence of relevant parameters, such as α, β, Pr , Q, Gr, M, Nr and K, on the fluid flow to reveal interesting findings. A comparison of different approaches reveals that the YAC method yields superior results compared to existing operators found in the literature. Graphs are generated to illustrate the outcomes effectively. Additionally, the research explores the limiting cases of the Casson and viscous fluid models to derive the classical form from the YAC fractionalized Casson fluid model.

Performance of copper nanofluid on changing width of stretching sheet using thermal radiation and heat flux

The phenomenon of nanomaterial carrying fluid flow over a non-linear elongated sheet with changing thickness is investigated in this study. The present research focuses at the flow of magnetic nanofluid over non-linear elongated sheets of different thicknesses, with an emphasis on copper nanoparticles distributed in water. The phenomena, which is significant in many industrial applications including paper manufacturing and atomic reactors, is analysed using Prandtl boundary layer theory and Navier-Stoke's equation. The study covers a wide range of physical features. There have been fewer works on the mathematical modelling of stretching sheets with varying widths. The main aim of investigation is to analyse the effect of EMHD, as well as other characteristics like Eckert number, Boit number, radiation effect and absorption factor. Paper manufacturing, dye and filament extrusion, atomic reactors, and metallurgical processes all rely heavily on these sheets of varied widths. The problem employs Navier-Stokes' equation and Prandtl boundary layer theory. The similarity transformation converts partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. MATLbvp4c programme is used to obtain numerical solutions. The present study helps to achieve desired quality of stretching sheet.

Darcy-Forchheimer flow with viscoelastic Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model and nonlinear thermal radiation: A numerical investigation

Jeffrey fluids have found vast applications in industries and engineering along with their rheological properties. This article investigates the heat and fluid flow within the frame of the nonlinear thermal radiation and non-Fourier heat flux model on Jeffrey nanofluid over an inclined permeable stretched cylinder through saturated porous medium. In addition, non-uniform heat generation/absorption, nonlinear thermal radiation, thermal stratification, and homogeneous/heterogeneous reactions are accounted. Porous medium is characterized through nonlinear Darcy-Forchheimer relation. Shooting method is employed in conjunction with Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method to solve nonlinear ODEs. The effects of flow variables involved in velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are deliberated through graphs. It is evident from obtained results that the temperature field rises with thermal radiation parameter and space dependent heat generation/absorption parameter. Local Nusselt number has same enhancing attitude towards the thermal relaxation time (0.7443≤−Nˆuz(Rez)−12≤0.7857 for0.2≤δe≤0.6) and thermal stratification parameter (0.7239≤−Nˆuz(Rez)−12≤0.7689for0.2≤S1≤0.6). The exactness of the solution and F′(ξ) variation is verified by comparison with already published literature. The computed results are of great interest in cooling of nuclear reactors. Viscoelastic stuff are generally employed in mats, car shields, computer hard drives and other protective paddings. Synthetic materials can work as the lubricant for an osteoarthritic joint.

Energy bandgap and thermal characteristics of non-Darcian MHD rotating hybridity nanofluid thin film flow: Nanotechnology application

Abstract The primary purpose of this research is to examine how the presence of thermal features variation affects the velocity and heat transfer rate of nanofluids composed of sodium alginate and molybdenum disulfide [Na-Alg/MoS2]m and sodium alginate and molybdenum disulfide and graphene oxide [Na-Alg/MoS2 + GO]h, respectively, flowing between two rotating, permeable plates. Both centripetal and Coriolis forces, which act on a spinning fluid, are taken into account. The impacts of magnetized force, thermal radiative flux, heat source (sinking), and varied pressure in the Darcy–Forccheimer material are considered. Using the physical vapor deposition method, single and hybridity nanofluid thin films of thickness 150 ± 5 nm may be created. The controlling mathematical equations of the suggested model are solved using the Keller-box technique in MATLAB software. The surface friction coefficient of a hybrid nanofluid is less, and the heat transfer rate is greater than that of a regular nanofluid. The rate of heat transmission is slowed by the rotational parameter. The thermal efficiency of mono nanofluids is as low as 6.16% and as high as 21.88% when compared to those of hybrid nanofluids. In particular, the findings of density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the energy bandgap Δ E g Opt \Delta {E}_{{\rm{g}}}^{{\rm{Opt}}} drops from 1.641 eV for conventional nanofluid to 0.185 eV for hybridity nanofluid. Based on the findings, the addition of graphene oxide nanoparticles to the base nanofluid converts it from a semi-conductor to a hybridity nanofluid as a superconductor.

Physical and mathematical investigation of natural convection and Fourier flux on the flow of energy and diffusion transmission of a body of cone and a cylinder revolution

The thermal radiation and Fourier flux have drawn the attention of scientists and experts due to their extensive applications in the fields of medicine, manufacturing modern airplanes, water distillation, more efficient electronic devices, more efficient batteries, radiating treatment, and the textile industry. Through careful consideration of this, the mathematical investigation of natural convection and Fourier flux on the flow of energy and diffusion transmission of a body of cone and cylinder revolution, located in a saturated medium, has been described for the dual situations (flow over a cone and a cylinder). After then, the Runge–Kutta technique was used to explain the leading mechanism. Possessions of governing physical measures of local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers as well as velocity, thermal and diffusion figures are provided with support of tables and diagrams. It is motivating to declare that mass transfer rate is advanced in cone kind of revolution matched to cylinder kind of revolution with rising [Formula: see text]. Also, the heat transmission rate is upper in cylinder revolution equated to cone revolution.