Cost Of Thermal Energy Research Articles

The effect of solar thermal energy storage on natural gas heating systems: An experimental and techno-economic investigation

This study investigates the storage of solar thermal energy using thermal oils in Kilis, Türkiye, a region characterized by high solar potential. Both experimental and modeling studies were conducted. Mobiltherm 605 and PO Heat Transfer Oil 32 were tested as alternatives to commonly used oils. PO Heat Transfer Oil 32 was introduced to the literature for the first time. The impact of operating temperature, water flow rate, and outdoor temperature on the efficiency of stored thermal energy in the water heating system was examined. The findings revealed that system efficiency averaged 42 % at a nighttime outdoor temperature of 9 °C but decreased to 36 % at 13.5 °C. Efficiency was also 36 % at a flow rate of 0.7 m/s, decreasing to 24 % at 0.24 m/s. Mobiltherm 605 cooled down later than PO 32 in the thermal tank, indicating a higher heat transfer coefficient for PO 32. Based on experimental data, a model of the thermal storage system was developed, and its techno-economic feasibility was assessed. Using this model, a techno-economic analysis was performed and the potential for this clean energy to reduce reliance on natural gas combi boilers for heating was discussed. For a building with a maximum indoor-outdoor temperature difference of 20 °C and a heating requirement of 467 kWh over 14 h, the thermal energy cost was estimated to be $0.029/kWh. This implementation reduced carbon emissions by 130 kg/day. The total equipment cost for the thermal storage system, with a U-type Vacuum Tube Collector (U-VTC) area of approximately 380 m2, was $295,697. In conclusion, both Mobiltherm 605 and PO Heat Transfer Oil 32 demonstrated comparable price/performance ratios relative to common oils.

Recycling Production and Consumption Waste for Bioenergy Purposes: Status and Prospects

An analysis of the structure of forest and agro-industrial waste, solid municipal waste in the federal districts and Russia as a whole is presented. The volume and composition of waste is determined by the economic activity and specific characteristics of federal districts. It was noted that pelletizing is an effective technology for the disposal of many types of waste, but the great heterogeneity of feedstock and granulation methods prevent the production of high-quality pellets. The fuel component of pellet in the cost of thermal energy was evaluated, whichshowed that the most efficient in use – wood pellets, least efficient – pellets from solid municipal waste.

Optimizing the performance parameters of vacuum evaporation technology for management of anaerobic digestate in a waste water treatment plant using fuzzy MCDM method

Evaporation technology in waste water treatment plants is used to treat excess liquid digestate, eventually reaping the essential nutrients from the process. In the present study, the input conditions have been optimized for implementing and achieving optimal performance of the digestate evaporation technology used in waste water treatment plants by employing fuzzy multi-criteria decision making method. Three input parameters, namely the Temperature, the Pressure, and the Mass Flow rate, each at three levels are considered. Experiments are conducted as per the Taguchi’s L9 standard orthogonal array. The performance of the evaporator is examined based on a few response characteristics, such as payback period, thermal energy consumption, power consumption and cost per unit of electricity. Temperature's impact on multi performance stands out significantly, contributing the most (70.52 %), followed by mass flow rate (18.95 %), and pressure (5.37 %). Result of the study reveals that within the investigated range of input parameters, temperature at 80 ℃, pressure at 0.3 bar and mass flow rate at 20 kg/h is the optimal combination. The results of the present study will help in enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of the evaporation process, leading to improved digestate treatment that supports circular economy initiatives.

Technical and economic assessment of hybrid PVT solar systems compared to independent solar thermal and photovoltaic collectors in high-temperature zones: A case study in Mexicali, Mexico

This study analyzes the technical and economic feasibility of hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) solar energy systems, comparing them with independent flat plate solar thermal collectors (FP) and photovoltaic (PV) modules. Using TRNSYS software, different configurations were simulated under the climatic conditions of Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. The results indicate that, although independent FP and PV systems exhibit better energy performance in terms of energy production and solar fraction, PVT collectors offer higher specific global energy production (electrical + thermal). However, the economic feasibility of PVT systems is limited due to high investment and maintenance costs, coupled with the low cost of thermal and electrical energy in the study region. Independent FP and PV collectors also face similar economic challenges, with return on investment extending beyond the 20-year lifespan of the project. Additionally, the low thermal energy demand for domestic hot water in the studied region negatively impacts the efficient utilization of these systems. This analysis suggests that in contexts where available installation space is limited, PVT systems can be an efficient solution. However, in scenarios with sufficient space and high energy costs, energy generation with separate equipment remains more viable. Moreover, climatic conditions and DHW demand affect the efficiency of the systems. The discrepancy between solar energy generation and hourly DHW demand necessitates the implementation of TEST, which significantly increases costs and impacts the economic viability of the project.

Фінансові перешкоди впровадженню теплових насосів в централізованому теплопостачанні

The use of powerful industrial heat pumps (HP) is a fairly effective means of rational and environmentally friendly use of energy resources both in individual households and in district heating (DH), as well as in production processes in various industries. Powerful HPs are used in Ukraine much less than in developed European countries. In fact, these are isolated cases. The post-war reconstruction of destroyed cities with their district heating systems gives Ukraine a unique chance to use modern energy-efficient technologies, including HP. As a result, efficiency will improve and DH competitiveness will increase due to the low cost of thermal energy for consumers. Almost all developed countries of the world have government financial support for the HP implementation. The purpose of this study is to determine the level and form of government financial support for projects to implement HP in DHs of Ukraine. Financial modeling of the implementation of heat pump plants shown that they are more expediently to be used in the mode of generating thermal energy than in the mode of regulating the electric load of power systems. It is shown that the projects of heat pump plants, which use the heat of flue gases as a source of low-potential heat (LPH), are the most economically attractive and practically do not require government financial support. Projects of heat pump plants, which use air, ventilation emissions, waste water, soil and groundwater, sea, rivers, and waste heat of technological processes as LPH, are not financially attractive without government financial support, and some of them are even unprofitable. The most appropriate comprehensive financial support is tax incentives and interest compensation on the loan. Sensitivity analysis showed that projects for the implementation of heat pump plants may be the most sensitive to the amount of generated thermal energy, the price of natural gas and electricity. Keywords: heat pumps, low-potential heat sources, district heating, financial obstacles, tax incentives, grants.

INTEGRATION OF HYBRID ENERGY PLANT OPERATION

Integrated use means the use of several energy sources, all at the same time or in some combination. At the same time, it is possible to use exclusively renewable sources, which significantly limits user capabilities. More common and justified from many points of view is the use of both renewable and traditional sources, autonomous (universal boilers, diesel generators, gas turbine units, etc.) or centralized (power grid) sources. A correct assessment of such a combined energy system also requires taking into account the main component of the system - the consumer, that is, taking into account the features of the local network and nearby consumers, which will have a direct or tangible indirect effect on the operating mode of the complex of renewable sources. To ensure adequate power quality, energy storage systems can be used, and the need for them depends on the discreteness of energy flows and the requirements for power quality. In foreign terminology, combined systems are often called hybrid, reflecting the diversity of both energy sources and methods of combining them (sometimes this name extends to arbitrary complexes). However, the term “hybrid power supply” usually refers to a combination of installations using renewable and traditional energy sources. The article presents a new hybrid energy system that provides private households with electricity, hot water supply, heating and hot air in the required temperature range for comfortable living. Together with a wind power generator and an electric water heater, a heat pump, electricity and heat accumulators are used, which allows: - reducing the cost of thermal energy by reducing material consumption and equipment costs, saving organic fuel; produce electricity and send the excess to the state power grid; reduce heat load and environmental pollution. The automation system allows you to control the hybrid installation without human intervention all year round.

ნულოვანი ენერგიის შენობები და მათი მოწყობის თავისებურებები

Zero energy buildings belong to the class of low energy consumption buildings, and in them the cost of thermal energy for heating and ventilation systems is reduced to a minimum (almost zero) compared to buildings under construction today. The primary energy expenditure for heating and ventilation, electric and hot water supply of these buildings does not exceed 120 kWh/m2 per year. The said energy is produced on site at the expense of renewable energy, which eliminates the need for fossil heating, including natural gas, in these buildings. The amount of CO2 emitted from these buildings into the environment is zero. Such buildings significantly reduce energy consumption in heating and ventilation systems, that is, they reduce harmful emissions to the environment, which are caused by the burning of fossil fuels in the corresponding heat generators. Zero energy buildings, or zero buildings, as they are often called, are widely implemented in many countries of the world, and their implementation in Georgia is an important issue for the development of the country, which is provided by the law of Georgia on energy efficiency. The use of the materials presented in the article will contribute to the saving of heating and energy resources in the country in such an energy-intensive direction as construction.

МАРКЕТИНГОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В РАЗВИТИИ ЗЕЛЕНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ КАК ОСНОВА УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ СТРАНЫ

For the high-quality fulfillment of the tasks set, specialists need to develop a marketing policy based on innovative marketing technologies that can and should be actively used in the development of the green economy to implement measures for the sustainable development of the country. According to the state policy for the development of the economy as a whole and in accordance with the principles of sustainable economic development, specifically sustainable development represents a rational and effective impact on the implementation of economic, social and environmental components, and the “green” economy is aimed at ensuring universal harmonious coordination of the mutual interests of all stakeholders. This statement is based on a systematic approach to solving strategically important issues of economic, social and environmental development in general, and therefore, when forming a list of marketing technologies that can be used in the development of a green economy, it is important to take into account all the tools of marketing technologies for the economy, social policy and the environmental sphere. The main directions of state activity aimed at the development of a green economy, taking into account the principles of sustainable development, are systematized in the course of scientific research. Marketing technologies have been identified that can be used in the implementation of energy saving policies and the organization of measures for the development of a green economy. The use of green technologies in production makes it possible to actively implement a green economy policy, influence the technological process, reduce the cost of fuel and energy resources, and influence the reduction of fuel, electric and thermal energy costs.

Distributed energy generation based on jet-vortex bioheat generators

The article explores transforming Ukraine’s energy system using the “Smart Grid” concept and distributed generation. It emphasizes the need for decentralizing thermal and electric energy sources with small-scale, renewable local biofuels. The significance of thermochemical distribution systems for bio-waste using jet-vortex generator-incinerators in energy-intensive technologies is highlighted. New methods for generating thermal energy in agro-industrial processes, such as grain drying, are proposed. Heat-technical means for bio-waste decomposition, heat exchange, and combustion product utilization have been developed. Production tests of automated jet-vortex generator-incinerators were conducted, considering variable technological parameters. The cost of thermal energy for grain drying is significantly lower than traditional methods. The process, with a functional heat exchanger, uses preheated clean air, improving grain quality. A cogeneration plant project, based on a generator-incinerator and air turbine, is proposed to address Ukraine’s electricity sector challenges. This plant converts thermal energy into mechanical energy using a heat exchanger and compressor. Electrical energy is produced with an electromechanical converter to meet the thermal-technical module’s needs. The cogeneration plant achieves a total efficiency of approximately 80%.

Исследование тепловой работы теплогенератора ротационной хлебопекарной печи

The main technological equipment to produce bread and confectionary is baking ovens. Fuel-based rotary ovens, in which the heat source is a heat generator, have become widespread. Often, the thermal conditions of ovens are characterized by increased fuel and thermal energy costs which depend on the efficiency of the heat generator. Currently, there are no recommendations on the design of a heat generator with the most efficient characteristics and the coefficient of efficiency, namely the distribution of the heat transfer surface between the flame tube and the heat exchanger, the layout and materials of the heat exchanger tubes, the geometry of heat exchange intensifiers, etc. Therefore, there is a need to study the thermal operation of the rotary oven of the heat generator to increase its efficiency due to improving the design. Physical and numerical experiments using mathematical modeling methods are caried out to study thermal operation of the heat generator of a rotary baking oven. The authors have conducted computational and experimental studies of thermal operation of the heat generator. The results have showed a large unevenness of the temperature field of the heat generator, underheating of the baking chamber to the minimum required temperature of 220 ° C, which indicates the low efficiency of the device. The results of field and numerical studies have confirmed the low thermal efficiency of the heat generator. Thus, the development of new technical solutions aimed at improving the design of this device is highly topical.

A collaborative optimal allocation method for thermal power-energy storage considering system operating costs

Energy storage is an important way to solve the problems of system power support and new energy consumption. Based on the installed scale of various power sources and load forecast results in the planning year, the power balance calculation of typical methods is used to provide the basis for the calculation of the volume ratio relationship of thermal energy and energy storage. Then, a model is established for the relationship between thermal energy and energy storage to obtain a variety of thermal energy and energy storage installed capacity combinations. This paper proposes a system operation cost objective function to compare the annual cost and new energy consumption rate of thermal energy and energy storage. The aim is to obtain a combination of energy storage and thermal energy that meets the new energy consumption level of the system and has a relatively reasonable annual operation cost. This paper proposes a collaborative optimal allocation method for thermal energy and energy storage that takes into account the system operating costs. It will help guide the development of power resources in the region in the medium to long term and ensure the load supply requirements and power regulation capacity of the power system.

Аналіз сонячного промислового теплопостачання

The future of Ukraine is only impossible without integration into the European community, including in the fight against climate change. It is possible to make the production of thermal energy more environmentally friendly thanks to the introduction of solar technologies. Solar thermal technologies are necessary for the decarbonization of the industrial sector. Information from open sources on the state and prospects for the development of solar industrial heat supply systems in the world has been analyzed. Analysis of the development of solar heat and steam production for industry in the world has shown that the solar thermal energy market is currently in an early stage of development, but it is actively developing and many projects will be commissioned in the near future. Specific investment costs and economy of solar industrial heat supply systems of various capacities are determined. The average weighted cost of thermal energy for the life cycle is used as a criterion of economy in world practice. Specific investment costs for installing solar systems are significantly reduced when their thermal power is increased. Approximate dependences of average specific investment costs on thermal power were obtained. The specific investment costs of installation and the number of hours of operation significant impact on the average cost of solar heat and steam production for industry. Approximate dependences of the average cost of heat on thermal power at different discount rates and at different power on discount rates were obtained. In Ukraine, it is possible to organize the supply of industry with heat and hot water from the use of solar technologies in a short period of time. A promising direction is the use of solar heat supply systems in combination with other thermal energy sources. Keywords: thermal energy; industrial heat supply, powerful solar systems, investment costs, cost of thermal energy.

Thermal performance and energy cost of Korean multispan greenhouse energy-saving screens

Protected agricultural system such as a greenhouse cultivation is increasingly replacing traditional farming systems. Nonetheless, high energy demand in greenhouse farming requires innovative technologies through the use of climate screens to ensure sustainable production. Thus, this study developed a novel methodology for examining the energy retention capacity and economic effectiveness of greenhouse climate screen materials using their thermophysical, radiometric and aerodynamic properties in TRNSYS software. The TRNSYS model was developed to determine the energy consumption, which was validated using a multi-span Venlo-type experimental greenhouse (Yeoju, South Korea). Further analyses on energy saving capacity of different screens and the equivalent energy costs were performed. The results from this research showed that among the fifteen investigated screens, the ensemble screen (M3) saved 34.09 kWh.m−2 of annual energy, equivalent to 60 % of the heating energy demand, and energy cost of 4490.26 Korean won. m−2. Further, the results revealed that the climate screens with multi-layer, thermoreflective, low longwave transmissivity, impermeable and aluminized strips or surface characteristics and features have a considerable impact on reducing greenhouse energy use and desirable for high energy-saving. This research has demonstrated that the techniques and methods utilised can investigate all the types of covering and thermal screens used in greenhouse.

Economic evaluation of hydrogen production in second and third units of Bushehr nuclear power plant regarding future need of nuclear fission technology

Today, the most important challenge for hydrogen production is the use of suitable energy source for sustainable production. The dual use of nuclear power plants allows them to expand into other markets by eliminating greenhouse gas emissions from processes such as hydrogen production. The significance of this matter especially in countries with ongoing new nuclear power plants is high and shows the future need for nuclear fission technology. In this paper, an economic assessment of hydrogen production in the second and third units of the Bushehr nuclear power plant (BNPP) with the Hydrogen Economy Evaluation Program (HEEP) is carried out and a comparison of CO2 emission in nuclear and non-nuclear methods of hydrogen production is presented. Most nuclear reactors, including Advanced Pressurized WaterReactor (APWR), High Temperature Gas Reactor (HTGR), and Water-Water EnergeticReactor (WWER), can be used as a source of thermal and electrical energy for the process of hydrogen production. In this research, hydrogen production processes based on the Conventional Electrolysis (CE), High Temperature Steam Electrolysis (HTSE), and Sulfur-Iodine (SI) Process using different storage and transportation options are compared to choose the cost-effective method for coupling with the WWER1000 reactor. Hydrogen production, thermal energy, and electricity costs have been calculated and explained in detail. The results showed that the cost-effective option for hydrogen production is using the High Temperature Steam Electrolysis (HTSE) method, Compressed Gas (CG) storage, and pipeline transportation, by 2.88 $/kg. Also, applying this method to produce hydrogen, the nuclear power plant thermal efficiency, and the hydrogen plant efficiency are kept in the best possible conditions by 51.98% and 58.21%, respectively.

Revealing patterns of thermophysical parameters in the designed energy-saving structures for external fencing with air channels

This study reports the design of new models of energy-saving enclosing structures with air channels. To calculate the thermophysical parameters of external fences, the Maple computer algebra system was used; the value of thermal resistance of structures was determined on the basis of a finite-element method in ANSYS. The result of the structure analysis showed that the value of thermal inertia of the traditional design and the average value of the thermal inertia of the developed structures were equal. However, the vibration amplitude of the designed enclosing structures was up to 20.72 % more efficient than the traditional one. At the same time, it was revealed that the air gaps did not affect the thermal inertia of the strucure, and its parameters depended only on the total thickness of the material. The analysis showed that the vapor permeability of the inner wall of the designed structures was equal to the traditional one. However, the value of resistance to vapor permeation of the fence of the developed structures was 3.21 % more effective. At the same time, the use of a closed air layer with a heat-reflecting screen makes it possible to shift the possible condensation zone towards the outer surface of the fence. An analysis of the check for the non-condensation of condensate in the ventilated air gap showed that condensate did not fall out in the ventilated air gap in all the considered schemes, and the results of the analysis by the air permeability value showed that all fencing schemes met the requirements for air permeability. Solving the problems of energy saving in construction through the development of new energy-efficient designs of enclosing structures help reduce the cost of thermal energy of buildings, which is an urgent task all over the world today

Reduction of the prime cost of thermal energy by the utilization of wind power plants in conjunction with boiler houses for heat supply in remote areas of the arctic zone of the Russian Federation (on the example of the Murmansk region)

Providing comfortable living conditions of the local community is the important condition of the stable development and continued existence of remote areas of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) in modern Russia. The particular role played in this process is assigned to heat supply systems whose reliable and uninterrupted operation is fraught with various problems. The main ones are related to increased costs for the purchase of organic fuel and its delivery to remote areas. This circumstance leads to the fact that the prime cost of thermal energy is higher than the rates level, resulting in unprofitable activity of heat generating facilities, so their continued existence becomes impossible without government subsidies. Under these conditions one of the ways to save imported organic fuel and therefore reduce the prime cost of thermal energy can be the utilization of wind power plants (WPPs) in conjunction with boiler houses for heat supply in remote areas with increased wind potential. THE PURPOSE. It should be shown on the example of the Murmansk region that the utilization of WPPs in conjunction with boiler houses for heat supply in remote areas is a good decision to reduce the prime cost of thermal energy. METHODS. The comparison of the prime cost of thermal energy in a case of heat supply only from boiler houses with the one when utilizing WPPs in conjunction with boiler houses for heat supply. RESULTS. It is shown that the utilization of WPPs in conjunction with boiler houses with a capacity of more than 0.1 Gcal/h for heat supply in remote areas of the Murmansk region saves 60-90% of organic fuel worth 25,000-72,000 rubles/tce at boiler houses and thereby reduces the prime cost of thermal energy by 10-60%. An effect of the utilization of WPPs is reduced for boiler houses of lower capacity, with the lower the boiler house capacity, the more the utilization of WPP being economically impractical compared to a case of heat supply only from a boiler house. CONCLUSION. The results obtained allow us to assess the prospects of the utilization of WPPs in conjunction with boiler houses for heat supply in remote areas of AZRF in terms of the effectiveness of such utilization.

Cost assessment of selected nuclear driven hybrid thermochemical cycles for hydrogen production

This article presents compared cost assessment of selected nuclear-driven hybrid thermochemical cycles using International Atomic Energy's (IAEA) Hydrogen Economy Evaluation Program (HEEP). Cost estimations are made and evaluated for capital, fuel, decommissioning, O&B, and consumables, in addition to thermal energy and electricity cost details. Thanks to the data obtained with these cost estimates, 4 different nuclear hydrogen production systems were evaluated comparatively. Hybrid thermochemical cycles are expected to decrease operational expenses for hydrogen production. However, the capital expenses might be higher than pure electrolysis since they require more components for balance of plant components (BoP). The results obtained indicated that the levelized cost of hydrogen is 10%–30% less in the case of selected hybrid thermochemical cycles than that of pure electrochemical cycle.

Modeling, simulation and performance evaluation of a PVT system for the Kenyan manufacturing sector

Manufacturing is an end-use sector that uses the most delivered energy, accounting for around 50% of all transported fuel globally and 40% of carbon dioxide emissions worldwide. Solar photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) energy can substitute the transported energy to meet thermal and electrical energy requirements, mitigating high energy costs and climatic problems. This research aimed to develop, simulate, and evaluate the capabilities of a solar photovoltaic-thermal system for potential use in Kenya's manufacturing sector. A multistage cluster sampling technique was used in the study to characterize the manufacturing industry. Additionally, a PVT system was simulated using MATLAB Simulink to ascertain the relationship of temperature and the PV electrical efficiency. The impact of incorporating a thermal collector into the PV system on electrical, thermal, and overall system efficiency, and also the system's potential for use in thermal processes in manufacturing, were assessed. From the characterization results, the agro-processing sector dominates with 35% representation, and the small-scale thermal energy category dominates at 80%. The simulation findings show that a small temperature increase leads to a small increment in short circuit current but a significant decline in open circuit voltage. As a consequence, the maximum power (Pmax) of the PV decreases, lowering its electrical efficiency. However, the integration of PV with thermal collector improved the electrical, thermal, and the entire system efficiencies by, 16.01%, 20%, and 36.13%, respectively. More than 75% of the electrical and thermal energy processes fall in the small energy category. Hence, the PVT system is suitable for small-scale low-to-medium heat thermal energy categories or as a substitute system for higher temperature processes to raise feed water temperatures and reduction of thermal energy cost. This study gives a new approach of the application of PVT system for thermal industrial applications.

Reinforcement learning-based composite differential evolution for integrated demand response scheme in industrial microgrids

The fourth industrial revolution is being propelled by the “Energy Internet,” which aims to encourage the integration of industrial multi-energy microgrids (MEMG) and renewable energy sources. The conventional demand response (DR) schemes only utilize a single energy source, which limits the industrial users (IUs) and prevents them from making full use of the demand side's communication capabilities. However, smart industrial multi-energy microgrids (MEMGs) give IUs additional options for meeting their energy needs by integrating diverse energy sources, including electricity, natural gas, and thermal power. This new approach to DR programs is known as “Integrated Demand Response” (IDR). This research work proposes a smart IDR program for a novel grid-connected industrial MEMG framework consisting of exhaust air wind turbines, concentrated photovoltaic-thermal panels, an electrical energy storage system (EES), a thermal energy storage (TES), a diesel generator, an indirect customer-to-customer energy trading platform, and typical electrical and thermal industrial loads. The proposed smart IDR considers the uncertainties of both wind and solar power generation and the buying and selling costs of electrical and thermal energy to automatically reduce the industry's total power consumption and battery EES degradation costs. A novel State-Action-Reward-State-Action (SARSA)-based composite different evolution (DE) method is proposed to solve a complex scenario-based non-convex optimization problem. It uses two selection strategies, three mutation strategies, and a positive feedback mechanism to change the states of the individuals. The strategies are coupled in pairs, resulting in a total of six distinct actions that may be performed by the SARSA agents. This allows an individual to not get stuck at a local optimum and adaptively benefit from all the mutation and parameter selection methods. Moreover, SARSA has introduced two more factors, the discount factor and the learning rate, which further improve the optimization performance. The proposed method is also compared with five other state-of-the-art methods to prove its effectiveness in minimizing industrial energy bills and battery degradation costs. The simulated results confirmed that the proposed SARSA-based composite DE algorithm has achieved the lowest total energy cost and battery degradation costs when compared with other state-of-the-art algorithms.

Study of the regularities of the influence of air heat curtains on the energy balance of livestock premises

The use of air heat curtains allows you to limit the amount of cold air incoming the room through open gates or doors, as well as to heat it up. The article considers the influence of air heat curtains on the energy balance of livestock premises. The calculation method is presented and the main aerodynamic characteristics of an air curtain installed in a calf house for 50 animals are substantiated. The main heat and power and structural parameters of the air curtain have been determined. On the basis of the heat balance of the calf barn, its modes of operation are substantiated. It has been established that the power consumption for the fan drive during the operation of the air curtain is significantly less than the cost of thermal energy to compensate for the air temperature in the room from the inflow of cold air. The technical and economic calculation showed the effectiveness of the use of air heat curtains in microclimate systems for various livestock facilities of agricultural production.