Products Of Thermal Destruction Research Articles

Manifestations of toxic pulmonary edema during respiratory support in an experiment

BACKGROUND: Currently, respiratory support is successfully used to treat pulmonary edema of non-toxic origin. The manifestations of pulmonary edema of non-toxic origin and toxic pulmonary edema have similar features, so respiratory support can be effective in treating the latter. AIM: To describe the manifestations of toxic pulmonary edema in rabbits and demonstrate the effectiveness of artificial pulmonary ventilation with support of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in case of severe intoxication with thermal destruction products of fluoroplastic-4. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three rabbits were used in the study: rabbit N 1 (control), rabbit N 2 (intoxication) and rabbit N 3 (treatment). Rabbits N 2 and 3 were subjected to severe intoxication with thermal destruction products of fluoroplastic-4 (1,5 HLC50, 15 min). For treatment, rabbit N 3 (treatment), an hour after exposure, underwent mechanical ventilation with PEEP (pressure-controlled mode; oxygen fraction — 0,3; starting PEEP — 5 cm H2O, tidal volume — 20–25 ml). At various times, chest radiography was performed, oxygenation index, hemoglobin saturation (SaO2), and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in exhaled air (PetCO2) were determined. Posthumously, pathological changes in lung tissue, pulmonary coefficient were determined, and histological examination was performed. RESULTS: Exposure of rabbit N 2 (intoxication) to the thermal destruction products of fluoroplastic-4 led to the sequential formation of the interstitial and alveolar phases of toxic pulmonary edema, which contributed to its death 13 hours after exposure. As SaO2 decreased and PetCO2 increased (3 and 5 hours after exposure), in rabbit N 3 (treatment), during respiratory support, PEEP was increased twice by 2 cm H2O (maintaining a given respiratory volume), which led to the normalization of the studied parameters. On the 7th day after exposure, the condition of rabbit N 3 (treatment) did not differ from the condition of rabbit N 1 (control); no pathological changes in the respiratory system were detected. CONCLUSION: Carrying out mechanical ventilation with PEEP, started an hour after exposure (with a stepwise increase in PEEP as the condition worsens), is effective for correcting toxic pulmonary edema in rabbits caused by severe intoxication with the thermal destruction products of fluoroplastic-4.

Направления совершенствования сероочистки, осушки и переработки природного газа

The results of the work of the staff of the Department of “Chemical Technology of Oil and Gas Refining” of Astrakhan State Technical University in the field of separation of three-phase reservoir mixture, increasing the efficiency of desulfurization, improving the process of drying gas and the production of continuous hydrocarbons – raw materials for petrochemistry. The influence of the quality of raw materials entering processing on the formation of deposits in technological equipment has been studied. Reconstruction of the inlet and three-phase separators of high-pressure reservoir mixture separation plants by installing a vibration damper and a depulsor on the reservoir mixture supply line to the installation, as well as reconstruction of the input of raw materials into the separator of the installation. The use of the KPG-200 defoamer and the KPG-200 AV antifoamer made it possible to reduce the consumption rate of defoaming reagents several times in gas purification plants from acidic components. The influence of various impurities on the foaming of working amine solutions (mechanical impurities, coal dust, products of thermal destruction of amine, thermostable salts, corrosion inhibitors) has been determined. It was revealed that the products of thermal degradation of amine have the greatest effect at concentrations above 3% by weight. A method for reducing the content of mechanical impurities in a solution of diethanolamine in a constant magnetic field has been developed and introduced into an industrial desulfurization plant. The filtration efficiency increases 2.6 times, the foam height is halved, and the foam stability is quadrupled. At the same time, the activity of the defoamer increases by 1.7 times. The mathematical dependence of the height of the protective layer of aluminum oxide in an adsorber with zeolite on impurities of diethanolamine has been experimentally found. The effectiveness of the developed improved distribution ring device is shown, the use of which makes it possible to practically eliminate dead zones in the zeolite layer and thereby increase the efficiency of the adsorption process and increase the inter-regeneration period on the drying unit. Studies of the catalytic pyrolysis of the butane fraction using CVM-type pentasils modified with the introduction of chromium can reduce the process temperature compared with the thermal decomposition of raw materials by more than one hundred degrees 100 °C.

Approach to assessment of thermodestructive resistance of polymer-containing finishing building materials

The paper presents the review results of the conformity assessment existing system of finishing building materials with safety requirements. It is noted that the existing assessment methods do not take into account the change in the properties of finishing building materials in the temperature range from 40° C to the temperature of their ignition / combustion / smoldering. The aim of the study is to substantiate the approach and develop a method for assessing the thermal destructive resistance of finishing building materials. In this work, a study of the thermal destruction of finishing building materials was carried out, the dependences of the qualitative and quantitative composition of thermal destruction products on temperature were established, and the influence of temperature and time on the dynamics of thermal destruction was determined. On the basis of the data obtained, the criterion of the thermal destructive resistance of finishing building materials was substantiated, a method of assessing the thermal destructive resistance of finishing building materials was developed and their classification was proposed. The developed methodology and classification of finishing building materials can be applied when assessing the fire hazard of finishing building materials; when preparing proposals for regulatory documents and regulatory legal acts with the aim of safer use of finishing building materials; when modeling the development of hazardous fire factors, allowing to take into account the effect of thermal destruction products.

Establishing patterns of nitrogen application for fire safety of sunflower grain storage facilities

The issue of using nitrogen to eliminate fires in granaries is related to ventilating the grain mass with nitrogen while it is necessary to take into consideration the change in gas concentration. Therefore, the object of this research was the value of the minimum concentration of nitrogen to eliminate the combustion of sunflower grain. It has been proven that in the process of thermal destruction of sunflower grain, the composition of gaseous products of thermal destruction of sunflower grain contains more than 70 % of combustible gases. Namely: carbon monoxide, over 51 %; hydrogen, about 5.7 %; and hydrocarbons with a total concentration of 13.72 %, which provide fire hazardous properties of organic material. Therefore, it should be noted that the release of the amount of combustible gases during pyrolysis requires a reduction in the amount of oxygen in the gas-air environment to eliminate fire sites. Obviously, such a mechanism for the decomposition of sunflower grain during pyrolysis is a factor in regulating the extinguishing process, due to which the amount of nitrogen to eliminate combustion increases. Comparison of experimental studies on the composition of gaseous products of thermal destruction of sunflower grain and studies to determine the minimum fire extinguishing concentration of nitrogen, at which combustion was stopped, made it possible to justify the use of nitrogen. Based on the study's results on the elimination with nitrogen of fire sites of sunflower grain, the values of the minimum fire extinguishing concentration were revealed at extinguishing, about 33.7 % by volume. At the same time, terminating the combustion of sunflower grain occurs with a decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the gas-air environment of about 14 %. The practical significance is the fact that the results obtained for determining the minimum fire extinguishing concentration of nitrogen make it possible to establish operating conditions for granaries when eliminating fire sites

An experimental study on flammability characteristics of materials on the premises of buildings of cultural and historical heritage

Introduction. Many cultural heritage sites have been converted into multifunctional buildings, which preserve original architectural and structural solutions but fail to comply with effective fire safety standards in many instants. In the event of fire, safe evacuation must be organized from the facilities, that may accommodate a large number of people at a time. Experimental studies are needed to identify the flammability characteristics of materials that can affect safe evacuation from cultural heritage premises.Goals and objectives. The co-authors suggest a study on the thermal destruction of historical materials, that have been aging in natural operating conditions. The analysis of gaseous products, emitted in the process of thermal destruction, is performed to identify the influence of ancient materials on formation of hazardous fire factors.Research methods. Experimental studies were carried out to determine the fire hazard indicators for various types of wood, used in the operation of the building, to obtain the reliable initial data, necessary to simulate the dynamics of hazardous fire factors (OFP) when calculating the time to the blocking of escape routes from the Winter Palace.Flammability properties of wood samples was identified with the support of the testing laboratory of the PB Research Centre at IKBS NRU MGSU. The studies, conducted using thermal analysis methods combined with IR spectroscopy, were carried out with the support from the laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “SEU FPS IPL” in St. Petersburg.Results and discussion. The analysis of the results of experiments on materials, has proven that during the thermal destruction of the test samples, regardless of the age and type of wood, acetic acid is released within a certain temperature interval for each sample along with the release of carbon dioxide, and it affects the parameters of fire hazard characteristics of materials.Conclusions. For the first time in Russia, products of thermal destruction of historical materials have been investigated. The data presented in the article illustrate the need for a further study on gaseous products emitted by historical materials during thermal decomposition. The data obtained by the co-authors can be used to determine the calculated values of the fire risk.

Thermal destruction of polymers: analysis of the process physicochemical parameters

This experimental study has confirmed that during thermal decomposition of polymeric waste samples at a temperature of 850 °C, without oxygen access, there is a 90 % drop in the mass of this waste with the release of a large volume of gaseous products. This feature should be taken into consideration in the engineering calculations of reaction chambers, reactors, and connecting gas pipelines. The analytical study was carried out by a method of thermodynamic analysis using the universal estimation system Astra (TERRA). It has been shown that with an increase in reaction temperature there is a change in the composition of the products of thermal destruction of polymeric waste by reducing the mole fraction of СН4 and increasing the proportion of Н2. The calorific value was calculated according to Mendeleev’s empirical formula. The experimental study (a pyrolysis-gas chromatography method) has confirmed the calculation results regarding an increase in the proportion of hydrogen in the gaseous products of destruction with an increase in process temperature. As a result, due to the lower volumetric heat of hydrogen combustion, the total caloric content of the synthesis gas obtained is significantly reduced. For the experiments, a laboratory installation of low-temperature pyrolysis of polymers with external supply of thermal energy was built, and synthesis gas was used as an energy carrier. At the experimental-industrial installation, by a low-temperature pyrolysis method, the synthesis gas of a stable composition with a lower heat of combustion of 24.8 kJ/m3 was obtained. The reliability of the results of the proposed estimation method to the results of instrumental measurements has been shown. Promising areas of further studies have been determined, including the optimization of processes of thermal destruction of chlorine-containing polymer waste; the effective use of hydrogen from the composition of the synthesis gas obtained.

Catalytic Activity of Thermolyzed [Co(NH3)6][Fe(CN)6] in CO Hydrogenation Reaction.

Currently, the processes of obtaining synthetic liquid hydrocarbons and oxygenates are very relevant. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is the most important step in these processes. The products of thermal destruction in argon of the mixture [Co(NH3)6][Fe(CN)6] and Al(OH)3 were used as catalysts for CO hydrogenation. The resulting compositions were studied using powder X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, SEM micrographs. The specific surface area, pore and particle size distributions were determined. It was determined that the DCS-based catalysts were active in the high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The effect of aluminum in the catalyst composition on the distribution of reaction products was revealed.

FLAMMABILITY OF HYDROCARBON FRACTIONS OBTAINED BY DESTRUCTION OF POLYMER RAW MATERIALS

The article discusses the possibility of using hydrocarbon fractions – products of thermal destruction of polymer raw materials (polyethylene and polypropylene) at atmospheric pressure as components of commercial diesel fuels. This approach allows, on the one hand, to improve the properties of commercial diesel fuel, on the other, to increase the competitiveness of domestically produced products. In addition, the problem associated with the accumulation of polymer waste and their negative impact on the environment is also partially solved.
 The nature of the dependences between such indicators of the quality of fractions 160–350 °C, 200–350 °C, 240–350 °C as the autoignition temperature, the initial boiling point of the fraction and the cetane number as an indicator characterizing the flammability, has been established. The dependence of the autoignition temperature on the boiling point of the fractions has a polynomial character and indicates a decrease in the autoignition temperature with an increase in the boiling point of the fractions. The dependence of the cetane number on the initial boiling point of the fractions is linear and indicates an increase in the cetane number with an increase in the initial boiling point of the fractions. The dependence of the cetane number on the autoignition temperature of the fractions has a polynomial character and indicates a decrease in the cetane number with an increase in the autoignition temperature of the fractions.
 It was found that the autoignition temperature of the investigated fractions, regardless of the type of polymer raw material, fluctuates in a rather narrow range, from 229 to 348 ° C, and the cetane number – from 41 to 55 units. Based on the literature data, we note that exactly this range is close to the range that commercial diesel fuels have, and the fractions studied by us can be used in the production of diesel fuel.

Особливості термодеструкції вторинної полімерної сировини

The analysis of modern chemical ideas about thermal destruction of secondary polymers (SP) as a source of valuable energy components, which are formed after their decomposition: gas component, synthesis oil and pyrocarbon has been carried out. It is shown that regardless of the composition of the secondary polymeric materials, thermal destruction takes place by the classical radical chain mechanism with the formation of a gas mixture of hydrocarbons, alkane-alkene mixture of different hydrocarbons (monomers and oligomers of SP) and pyrocarbon, which includes condensed aromatic structures. The dependence of the formation of monomers as products of thermal destruction of secondary polymers on their cohesion energy density (Ecog, kJ/mol) has been shown. In a number of works the methods of thermal-oxidative and thermal destruction of polymers of different composition and structure have been considered, however, only a small number of works are devoted to the study of chemical transformations of secondary polymers, and even less to their mixtures. It is stated that the resistance of polymers (including secondary) to heat and the rate of their thermal decomposition depends on the chemical structure of the polymer or mixtures thereof. Completion of thermal processes of decomposition of secondary polymers takes place by recombination of formed radicals or their disproportionation with the formation of double bonds at the ends of macromolecules, as well as changes in fractional composition and formation of branched and spatial structures. It is stated that in the case of thermal destruction of secondary polymers that contain one (PVC) or several (PTFE) halogen atoms, there is almost quantitative release of hydrogen halides (HHal), which require additional disposal. Attention is also paid to the fact that the use of catalysts of different chemical nature in the thermal destruction of secondary polymers leads to a significant difference in the yield of gaseous and liquid products of radical-chain transformations.

Synthesis and properties of porous bricks obtained with the use of spherical expanded polystyrene particles of packaging material

In the present work, the prospects of using wastes of a packaging material consisting of spherical expanded polystyrene (EPS) particles for the manufacture of porous ceramics/bricks are considered. Ceramics were obtained from mixtures of red clay-grinded cullet - EPS particles. To reduce the release of toxic products of thermal destruction of EPS, two sintering modes have been developed. During sintering in the atmosphere, the two-stage temperature regime was carried out, which ensured preliminary dehydration of the clay and a quick transition to sintering at 1000?C. During sintering in conditions of oxygen deficiency in firing furnaces, the temperature gradually rises to 1000?C. At that, the sintering process is characterized by the absence of release of toxic products, and the carbonization of porous bricks. It has been established that, depending on the composition of the mixtures and the sintering conditions, it is possible to obtain durable wall ceramics with good thermal and sound insulation properties. Carbonized ceramics have enhanced strength properties due to the formation of forsterite. The presence of free carbon in the pores imparts adsorbing properties to carbonized ceramics and contributes to the appearance of electrical conductivity.

VOC degradation by microwave-induced metal discharge and thermal destruction: a comparative study

The effective treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is essential because of their direct effects on air pollution and human health. This paper introduces microwave-induced metal discharge as a highly effective and byproduct value-added approach to degrade high-concentration toluene as a model VOC. The effect of the factors that influence the discharge intensity, including the metal type (Fe, Cu, Ni, Zn) and amount, was investigated. Degradation efficiency of toluene can reach 79.76% under optimal discharge condition. In addition, the discharge method was compared with traditional thermal destruction at 700 °C, 900 °C and 1100 °C. The gaseous and liquid cracking products of toluene produced by the microwave-induced metal discharge method were almost similar to those obtained under thermal destruction at 900 °C; however, the solid-phase discharge products were nanoparticles that demonstrated good graphitization, while the thermal destruction products were amorphous microparticles. This work offers an effective and flexible way to degrade high-concentration VOCs and also provides an application reference for biomass tar cracking and removal of other organic pollutants.

DIRECTED SYNTHESIS OF MIXED-LIGAND-HETEROMETALLIC XYLARATOGERMANATES OF Co(II) WITH 1,10-PHENANTHROLINE / 2,2'-BIPYRIDINE

Coordination compounds with complex cations of Co 2+ with 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2’-bipyridine and tetrameric xylaratogermanate anion were obtained. Their composition and structure were established by the methods of elemental analysis, IR-spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. In the IR-spectrum of I , II bands of asymmetric υas(COO–) (~1686 cm -1 ) and symmetric υs(COO–) (~ 1442 cm -1 ) valence vibrations of carboxylate groups are presented. The presence of υ(C-O) (~ 1069 cm -1 ) band (alcoholic type) and d(C-OH) (~1144 cm -1 ) band, which is typical for the xylaric acid, indicates that not all hydroxyl groupsof the H 5 Xylar ligand are deprotonated. Absorption bands υ(Ge-O) (~737 cm -1 ), υ as (GeOGe) (~851 cm-1) are also detected. They indicate the binding of germanium to xylaric acid and formation of the Ge-O-Ge bridge. The deformation vibration band of the Ge-О-Н (~821 cm -1 ) indicates the implementation of the hydrolyzed form of germanium. There also appear n(ОН)H 2 O, ns(C–Harom.), ν(C-Carom.), n(C-Narom.), δ(С-H) bands, that are typical for crystallization water molecules and 1,10-phenanthroline ( I ), 2,2’-bipyridine ( II ). The thermal destructions of the both compounds are similar. On the thermograms of both compounds one low-temperature effect is presented at 80-270 °С(for I ) and 80-260 °С (for II ) respectively. According to the temperature of elimination and the weight loss (8,75% for I and 14,5% for II ), crystallization water molecules were calculated ( I – 12, II – 20). Due to the mass loss along the thermogravimetric curve at 900 °C, the final products of thermal destruction is a mixture of CoO + GeO 2 . The molecular formulas of complexes I , II are proposed in the accordance of the results of elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis: [Сo(phen) 3 ] 2 [(OH) 2 Ge 2 (m-HXylar) 4 Ge 2 (m-OH) 2 ]∙12Н 2 О ( I ), [Сo(bipy) 3 ] 2 [(OH) 2 Ge 2 (m-HXylar) 4 Ge 2 (m-OH) 2 ]∙20Н 2 О ( II ). Their scheme of structure were suggested.

Kinetics of the Thermal Destruction of Polyvinyl Alcohol in Composites with Boron Polyoxide. Part 2. Analysis of the Products of Thermal Destruction

The effect of boric acid (BA) on the thermal destruction of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was studied. The pyrolysis temperatures were chosen based on the thermogravimetric analysis data. The composition of the main products of pyrolysis was determined. The mechanisms of thermal destruction were proposed for PVA and its composite with BA. The observed phenomena associated with the effect of the filler on the composition of the products of PVA pyrolysis were explained.

MODERN APPROACHES TO TOXICOLOGICAL AND HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF EXTINGUISHING EXTENSIVE FIRES

The analysis of investigations on hygienic and toxicological assessment of the volume of fire extinguishers gives reason to believe that at this stage they do not have a single sound methodical approach. This situation often causes conflicting opinions on the results, calling into question their practical value, makes it difficult to compare fire-extinguishers on hygienic and toxicological criteria, increases the material, labor and time required to perform stadies. In the preparation of the paper there was used “many years” personal experience on the toxicological research and hygienic regulation of fire volume extinguishing means, and also the data analysis of domestic and foreign scientific publications, regulatory and technical literature in this area. The list of basic medical and technical requirements to means of fire volume extinguishing, which will allow use of the available information and to seek specifically missing information on fire-extinguishers for the making of an informed decision concerning the possibility of their use in confined manned spaces. As hygiene regulations it is proposed to set the time of human stay in a safe environment with effective fire-extinguishing concentration of the test fire extinguishing agents which can be suggested not as a “maximum allowable”, but as “emergency” - maximum permissible length of stay. When assessing the risk of fire extinguishing means it has been justified the refusal to study the nature of the combined action of fire-extinguishers with the factors of the fire, the quantitative and qualitative composition of the possible products of thermal destruction of fire extinguishing agents. There was proposed an algorithm for the study, which will unify the toxicological and hygienic assessment of fire extinguishing agents, improve the repeatability and reproducibility of the results, save time and money by completing the research at the stage, the results of which could reasonably indicate to the impossibility of the use of fire-extinguishers in the presence of a person without means of enforcement of protection of respiration.

Thermal-Decomposition Products of Hexane-Insoluble Asphaltenes from Coal Pitch

The thermal-destruction products of hexane-insoluble asphaltenes from coal pitch and petroleum asphaltenes are compared. The volatile thermal-decomposition products of the asphaltenes are studied by thermal analysis and gas–liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy. The morphology and structure of the solid residue is investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray phase analysis. By that means, the analysis of the thermal-decomposition products permits assignment of the asphaltenes to known structural types and prediction of the coke residue’s morphology. The volatile thermal-decomposition products from coal pitch are aromatic polycondensed compounds with 3–7 aromatic nuclei, including N- and S-bearing compounds. The thermal decomposition of petroleum asphaltenes is accompanied by the liberation of alkanes, alkenes, and O-bearing compounds, with chain length from C11 to C30. The content of arenes and polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the volatile thermal-decomposition products from petroleum asphaltenes is considerably less than the content of aliphatic hydrocarbons. Morphological data indicate that the solid thermolytic residues of the asphaltenes differ in structure. For petroleum asphaltenes, the structure is porous and, according to X-ray phase analysis, shows no signs of graphite-like structure. For the asphaltenes from coal pitch, the residue contains graphite-like structure and has a distinctive luster.

Formation of Zn- and Si-Based Oxide Systems: Analysis of Temperature Dependence of the Energy State

AbstractThis article presents the results of the thermal analysis of dried colloidal solutions based on zinc nitrate with changes in tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) content. The main stages of the thermal decomposition of the dried sols were established and the activation energies of each stage were determined based on the results of thermogravimetric measurements using the Erofeev-Kolmogorov approach. For each stage, the products of thermal destruction in the gas phase were determined by mass-spectrometry. It was shown that the chemical decomposition in all samples started at a temperature above 200°C, and the temperature of zinc hydroxonitrate decomposition increased with increasing TEOS content in the ash, while the activation energy of that process decreased. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the thermal decomposition of dried sols at 600°C resulted in the formation of mixtures of ZnO in hexagonal syngony with amorphous SiO2 in amounts from 10 to 50 wt%.

Thermochemical and Electrochemical Stability of Electrolyte Systems based on Sulfolane

UV spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry were used to examine the thermochemical and electrochemical stabilities of liquid sulfolane-based electrolyte systems for lithium and lithium-ion batteries. It was found that solutions of lithium salts in sulfolane are stable in prolonged keeping at 100°C. The thermochemical stability of lithium salt solutions in sulfolane changes in the order LiBF4 > LiClO4 ≈ LiN(CF3SO2)2 > LiCF3SO3. It was shown that the electrochemical stability of lithium salt solutions in sulfolane is in the range from 5.5 to 5.9 V (relative to Li/Li+) and prolonged action of high temperatures (100°C) does not yield electrochemically active thermal destruction products.

Новые электрокаталитические системы на основе бисорбентов из рисовой шелухи

The article studies the synthesis of carbon-based and amorphous silicon dioxide bisorbents. Sorption characteristics of new bases for producing modified systems to use them in electrocatalysis are presented. For preparation of SiO2/C baseas rice husk (RH) was chosen as the raw material. A series of experiments was performed to optimize parameters of the RH carbonization by varying temperature and time of the process. The material obtained from the RH thermal destruction products was modified by the heteropoly compound (NH4)3[Co3O6Mo6O18H6] · nH2O and thermally reduced by hydrogen. The registration of the voltammetric curves was carried out at pH = 6.22 in the background electrolyte of 0.1 M Na2SO4 and pH = 4.45 in 0.1 M KC8H5O4.The potential ranges were -1.2В – 1.2 V and -1.0 V – 0.2 respectively. The mechanism of the electrochemical processes on these materials has been studied. It is shown that the obtained composite electrode materials exhibit electrochemical activity in the investigated potential regions, and they are characterized by the stability of redox properties. The main ways of using the obtained composites are outlined.

Chromatography–mass spectrometry identification of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in thermally modified petroleum products and thermal destruction products of organic materials of various origins

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons in samples of thermally treated petroleum products and thermal destruction products of organic materials of various origins are studied. Samples of kerosene, diesel fuel, and gasoline of different grades, that is, light flammable petroleum products often used as combustion initiators; wood; flooring (linoleum); and offset paper are selected as test samples. A pattern for determining these samples by chromatography–mass spectrometry against the background of other products formed under fire conditions is developed. It is suggested to use the limiting value of the intensity ratios of the peaks of tri- and bicyclic condensed arenes in trace residues of the combustion initiator, modified as a result of evaporation and burnup, as an identification parameter. This approach expands the range of tasks in identifying the source of environmental pollution and in determining traces of combustion initiator for forensic and fire-technical expertise.

Performance Management of Local Air Purification Systems

There were discussed issues related to improving the efficiency of cleaning the air of the working area during the implementation of engineering processes of machining products. It was established that the air cleaning efficiency can be improved by changing the air flow rate in each local cleaning device, depending on actual contamination of air in the working area. It was demonstrated that the change of air flow intensity, and hence the performance of the local cleaning device can provide by changing the sectional plane of the pipe of this cleaning apparatus by means of flap moving in manual or automatic modes. There was proposed an algorithm for increasing the efficiency of air purification system and an experimental study of the reliability of this algorithm. There was outlined an experimental set up created for carry out research, and provided a methodology of these studies. Research results shown that the effectiveness of the working area purification system and impurities sand slurries of cutting lubricants thermal destruction products can be improved by redistributing of air flows in pipelines of local purification systems through their intensity changes depending on the actual air pollution in working area.