Variable Thermal Conductivity Parameter Research Articles

Exploring the effects of TiO2${\rm TiO}_2$–Ag/water hybrid nanofluid on MHD flow over a permeable exponentially stretching–shrinking sheet with radiative heat transfer and slip conditions

AbstractThe objective of this article is to study the importance of velocity and thermal slip in the exponentially stretching or shrinking sheet with the megnetohydrodynamic (MHD) hybrid nanofluid flow along with magnetic field, radiative, heat generation effects. This study has practical importance in enhancing heat transfer efficiency, improving energy conversion and optimizing thermal management systems. The findings can also contribute to the development of sustainable energy systems and aid in assessing the stability and safety of nanofluid applications. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation. The ODEs are solved using bvp4c solver in MATLAB. The dual solutions are achieved for specific range of the stretching or shrinking parameter and mass suction parameter. The first solution is physically significant after considering stability analysis. The hybrid nanofluid has numerous real‐life and industrial applications, such as microelectronics, manufacturing, naval structures, nuclear system cooling, biomedical, and drug reduction. The skin‐friction increases but Nusselt number decreases over the stretching sheet whereas the opposite effect shows over shrinking sheet for the both solution with the increasing velocity slip parameter. On the other hand, The Nusselt number decreases over the shrinking or stretching sheet for both solutions with the increasing in the thermal slip parameter. The skin friction increases over shrinking sheet but decreases over stretching sheet for the first solution with increasing silver volume fraction parameter and porosity parameter (). Enhancing magnetic field parameter leads to the skin friction increases over the shrinking sheet but decreases over stretching sheet but Nusselt number shows opposite trend. The Nusselt number decreases over shrinking sheet but increases over stretching sheet for the first solution with increasing porosity parameter (). The Nusselt number decreases over shrinking or stretching sheet as the increases heat generation () and variable thermal conductivity parameter () but Nusselt number shows opposite trend as the increases radiative parameter ().

Heat transfer analysis of magnetohydrodynamics peristaltic fluid with inhomogeneous solid particles and variable thermal conductivity through curved passageway

PurposeThe particle distribution in a fluid is mostly not homogeneous. The inhomogeneous dispersion of solid particles affects the velocity profile as well as the heat transfer of fluid. This study aims to highlight the effects of varying density of particles in a fluid. The fluid flows through a wavy curved passage under an applied magnetic field. Heat transfer is discussed with variable thermal conductivity.Design/methodology/approachThe mathematical model of the problem consists of coupled differential equations, simplified using stream functions. The results of the time flow rate for fluid and solid granules have been derived numerically.FindingsThe fluid and dust particle velocity profiles are being presented graphically to analyze the effects of density of solid particles, magnetohydrodynamics, curvature and slip parameters. Heat transfer analysis is also performed for magnetic parameter, density of dust particles, variable thermal conductivity, slip parameter and curvature. As the number of particles in the fluid increases, heat conduction becomes slow through the fluid. Increase in temperature distribution is noticed as variable thermal conductivity parameter grows. The discussion of variable thermal conductivity is of great concern as many biological treatments and optimization of thermal energy storage system’s performance require precise measurement of a heat transfer fluid’s thermal conductivity.Originality/valueThis study of heat transfer with inhomogeneous distribution of the particles in a fluid has not yet been reported.

Effect of Radiation on Casson Hybrid Nano-fluid Flow over an Inclined Surface Using Blasius Rayleigh-Stokes Variable: Application in Solar Aircraft

Solar energy is the most important heat source from the sun, with photovoltaic cells, solar power plates, photovoltaic lights, and solar pumping water being widely used. This study looks at solar energy analysis and a method for increasing the efficacy of solar aircraft by combining solar and nano-technological energy. To enrich the research on solar aircraft wings, the study is built on the investigation of heat transfer by employing a hybrid nano-fluid past inside the parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC). The thermal source is referred to as the solar radiative flow. The heat transfer efficiency of the wings was validated for different qualities such as porous medium, viscous dissipation, play heating, and thermal energy flow. The modelled energy and momentum equations were controlled by utilizing the Galerkin-weighted residual method (GWRM). This study used two types of nano-solid particles, copper (Cu) and zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), in ethylene glycol (EG) as the standard fluid. Various control parameters for velocity, temperature outlines, frictional factor, and Nusselt number were explained and shown in figures and tables. Also, analyses reveal that the thermal profile reduces with an increase in variable thermal conductivity parameters. This study will be of considerable economic value to marine engineers, mechanical engineers, physicists, chemical engineers, and others since its application will help them improve their operations. The findings revealed that the magnetic term is positively impacted by the Cu-ZrO2/EG hybrid nanofluid's thermal distribution.

Significance of quadratic radiation and variable thermal conductivity on heat transfer of hybrid nanofluid using Xue model: A Legendre wavelet approach

Carbon nanotubes have a broad spectrum of applications in thermal management, enhanced cooling, lubricants, sensors and detections, environmental remediation, biomedical, and drug delivery. Motivated by its industrial applications, this work analyses the effects of nonuniform heat source/sink and quadratic thermal radiation on the thermal characteristics of hybrid nanofluid flow over a curved stretching sheet using the Legendre wavelet collocation technique (LWCT). The base fluid is found to be composed of ethylene glycol and water in the ratio of 30:70, and the nanoparticles are taken as single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) in the ratio of 2% each. The thermal conductivity models, namely Xue, modified Maxwell and Hamilton-Crosser, are compared for heat transfer enhancement. From the results up to 5% volume fraction, the Xue model shows the maximum rate of heat transfer enhancement, while the above 5% Hamilton-Crosser model shows the maximum rate of heat transfer enhancement. The temperature profiles of existing hybrid nanofluid are increased with a heat source, radiation and variable thermal conductivity. Moreover, the graphs describing the local Nusselt number display the heat transfer rate depreciation with an increase in variable thermal conductivity and radiation parameters.

Stefan flow of nanoliquid passing a plate surface with changeable fluid properties

This article describes the significance of ‘Stefan suction/blowing’ on the forced flow of nanoliquid past the surface of a ‘plate’ with temperature-obeying ‘thermal conductivity’ and ‘fluid viscosity’ with ‘zero nanoparticle flux’ at the ‘plate’ that has not till been attended by anyone and thus it points to the originality of present investigation and here lies the novelty of our work. Nanofluid flow is modeled with the help of ‘Buongiorno's two-phase model’ which contains the instantaneous virtue of thermophoresis diffusion and Brownian movement. This investigation shows that the speed of heat transport is remarkably augmented by the variable ‘thermal conductivity’ and variable ‘viscosity parameters’ which is the main contribution of this research. Due to changeable viscosity, reducing nature of velocity as well as the reducing nature of concentration of the nanoparticles near the ‘plate’ are observed. Due to Stefan's blowing parameter, fluid velocity augments but ‘temperature’ is observed to reduce for mounting values of Stefan's blowing parameter. 3.2 % reduction in skin-friction coefficient is noted when variable viscosity parameter reduces from -6 to -8. Moreover, 7.1 % reduction in heat transfer as well as mass transfer is noted when the variable thermal conductivity parameter rises from 0.2 to 0.4. The consequence of this inspection exposes a variation of exciting diversity which claims extra exploration of the present study.

Two-phase simulation of entropy optimized mixed convection flow of two different shear-thinning nanomaterials in thermal and mass diffusion systems with Lorentz forces

This research compares the momentum, thermal energy, mass diffusion and entropy generation of two shear thinning nanofluids in an angled micro-channel with mixed convection, nonlinear thermal radiation, temperature jump boundary condition and variable thermal conductivity effects. The RKF 45 approach was used to solve the Buongiorno nonlinear governing model. The effect of different parameters on the flow, energy, concentration, and entropy generating fields have been graphically illustrated and explained. The hyperbolic tangent nanoliquid has a better velocity than the Williamson nanofluid. The Williamson nanofluid has higher thermal energy and concentration than the hyperbolic tangent nanoliquid in the microchannel. The Grashof number, both thermal and solutal, increases the fluid flow rate throughout the flow system. The energy of the nanoliquid is reduced by the temperature jump condition, while the energy field of the nanoliquid is enhanced by the improving thermal conductivity value. The nanoliquids concentration rises as the Schmitt number rises. The irreversibility rate of the channel system is maximized by the variable thermal conductivity parameter.

Darcy-Forchheimer hybrid nanofluid flow in an asymmetric channel with an exponential heat source, variable thermal conductivity, and activation energy

Background Heat transfer in nanofluid flows plays a vital role in many industrial, medical, and manufacturing industries. Hybrid nanofluid (HNF) has a significant potential to enhance the thermal characteristics of several fluids employed in a wide range of thermal systems and thus uses reduced energy and provides increased sustainability. Also, the thermal conductivity of nanofluid depends on the mobility of nanoparticles and that can be improved by activation energy (AE) besides the latent micro convection. Literature reveals that the research works available on the enhanced heat transfer due to the appropriate combination of nanoparticles along with AE in an asymmetric channel is very limited. Aim This study aims to explore the impact of the AE and the variable thermal conductivity (VTC) on the HNF flow in an asymmetric channel with permeable walls. The effects of radiation, thermal conductivity, and exponential heat sources are also considered. Method An effective similarity transformation is used to convert the governing equations into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The nonlinear ODEs with appropriate boundary conditions are solved numerically by a shooting method. Results The consequences of the physical parameters on the axial velocity, temperature, and species concentration are explained and are presented through graphs. In comparison to viscous fluid, the dual nanofluids have a 5.8% higher heat transfer rate with VTC parameter at the lower wall. However, the species concentration rate of HNF is 20.0% higher than that of viscous fluid with AE parameter.

Elasto-thermoelectronic diffusion waves with changing thermal conductivity and thermal heating of microtemperature semiconductor

This paper presents a theoretical investigation of linear thermal conductivity temperature-dependent coupled elasto-thermoelectronic diffusion (ETD) waves in a micro-temperature semiconductor, specifically focusing on the effects of photo-excited processes. The governing equations are formulated for a semi-infinite silicon wafer, which serves as a semiconductor material. The explicit study of the strong coupling between the equations governing elastic wave transport, carrier (plasma) transport, and thermal wave transport is conducted in the presence of microtemperature influence. The electron–hole interaction is obtained within the framework of the ETD theory. Laplace transform is used to resolve the governing equations in a non-dimensional framework for thermoelastic and electronic deformation in one-dimensional (1D) scenarios. The present study employs the proposed model to analyze the impact of ramp-type heating on a stationary plane of unbounded semiconductor material. Thermoelastic electronic coupling is found to be affected by the presence of variable thermal conductivity and microtemperature parameters.

Effects of variable thermal conductivity and curvature parameter on the peristalsis of hybrid nanofluid through a curved channel with curvature dependent channel walls

This study focused on the peristaltic motion of hybrid nano-liquid via a curved geometry with curvature-dependent channel walls. The hybrid nanofluid is composed of alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles mixed with multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and suspended in thermal oil. This combination is based on an experimental examination conducted by Asadi et al. [58]. Keeping in view the industrial applications of such flows, the hybrid nanofluid thermal conductivity is considered to vary with temperature. Furthermore, heat sink/source is also taken into account in the energy equation. Lubrication approximation is utilized to simplify the flow problem. The resulting model is treated using a numerical scheme NDSolve based on the shooting method (“a built-in command in Mathematica”). The primary focus remains on analyzing the impacts of the curvature parameter, flow rate, and variable thermal conductivity parameter. Outcomes indicate that there is a critical “flow rate” value for such a type of channel. The thermal transfer rate increases with an improvement in the values of the curvature parameter. Furthermore, graphical results reveal that hybrid nanofluid’s temperature decreases for higher values of flow rate, while it rises with heat generation/absorption parameter. It is observed that temperature of the hybrid nanofluid increases as the values of curvature parameter improve. A higher flow rate reduces the rate of heat transfer. It is also noted that velocity profile remains constant at a flow rate value of 7.40. Moreover, the variable thermal conductivity has a remarkable impact on temperature profile.

Heat transfer analysis of a hybrid nanofluid flow on a rotating disk considering thermal radiation effects

This study investigates heat transfer in a hybrid nanofluid that flows due to a rotating disk. The nanofluid contains copper and dioxide nanoparticles in water and is affected by a constant magnetic field. The study accounts for heat generation/absorption and thermal radiation and solves the governing equations using similarity transformations and the Shooting Method. The research reveals that the higher nanoparticle concentration in a fluid result in increased radial and azimuthal velocities due to improved convective heat transfer. This leads to higher fluid velocity and lower local skin friction coefficient. Heat generation/absorption and thermal radiation have a strong influence on the heat transfer process. Higher nanoparticle concentration, variable thermal conductivity parameter, and radiation parameter cause an increase in the temperature of the hybrid nanofluid. The local Nusselt number increases with an increase in the variable thermal conductivity parameter but decreases with nanoparticle concentration while increases with the thermal radiation parameter. Results from a special case analysis, which excluded certain parameters, closely agree with previous studies, confirming the validity of the solution. These findings can be useful in understanding heat transfer in similar scenarios, especially in energy engineering and thermal management.

Numerical Solution of Radiative Boundary Layer Flow in Porous Medium Due to Exponentially Shrinking Permeable Sheet Under Fuzzy Environment

In this paper we are considering a fluid flows problem that contains two equation of motions and more than two parameters in the governing equation of motion. Which is namely Radiative Boundary Layer Flow in Porous Medium due to Exponentially Shrinking Permeable Sheet. The parameter are K=ck0/Lθ, Pr=μcp/κ∞, N=4σ1(T∞)3/(3κ1κ∞), and ε denote the permeability parameter, Prandtl number, and radiation parameter and is the thermal conductivity variation parameter, respectively. The governing differential equation can be obtained by using the similarity variable technique, and then the governing equation of motion can be Fuzzified by the help of Zadeh extension theorem. The technique is used for the validation of the uncertainty of the equation of the motion. The effect of the K, Pr, N, and ε are discussed with the fuzzified governing equation of motion under fuzzy environment. It is observed none of the parameters are directly involved in the occurrence of the uncertainty of the solutions. The uncertainty occurs in the problem is due to the assumption and the numerical computation. Finally, the solution is being carried out under fuzzy environment. It is found that the increasing values of permeability parameter, the values of both the numbers Skin friction coefficient as well as Nusselt number are increases.

Heat and mass transfer analysis for magnetized flow of {mathrm{ZnO}-SAE50} nanolubricant with variable properties: an application of Cattaneo–Christov model

The current study scrutinizes heat and mass transfer features of magnetized flow of {mathrm{ZnO}-SAE50} nanolubricant over Riga plate in a Darcy Forchheimer medium. The effects of variable viscosity, thermal radiation, variable thermal conductivity, viscous dissipation and uniform heat source/sink are examined in this study. The diffusion model presented by Cattaneo–Christov is incorporated in this study to enclose heat and mass transport phenomenon. Additionally, the mass transfer rate is inspected subjected to the effects of variable solutal diffusivity and higher order chemical reaction. Heat and mass transfer phenomena have significant applications in the disciplines of science and technology that can be seen everywhere in nature. This simultaneous transportation phenomenon indicates a variety of applications in manufacturing processes, aerodynamics, cooling systems, environmental sciences, oceanography, food industries, biological disciplines, and energy transport systems etc. The modeled system of PDEs is metamorphosed to nonlinear ODEs with the introduction of appropriate transformations. An eminent bvp4c method in MATLAB has been incorporated to execute the resulting system of ODEs numerically. The outcomes of velocity, temperature and concentration profiles corresponding to various emerging parameters have been exposed graphically. The motion of {mathrm{ZnO}-SAE50} nanolubricant tends to enhance significantly with larger modified Hartmann number, whereas converse behavior is reported by increasing porosity parameter and variable viscosity parameter. The greater heat transfer rate is observed for variable thermal conductivity parameter. The rates of heat and mass transfer slow down for thermal and solutal time relaxation parameters respectively. The concentration profile gets enriched by growing the order of the chemical reaction and variable mass diffusivity parameter. It is concluded that by increasing solid volume fraction up to 1.5%, the viscosity of the nanolubricant enhances up to 12% which consequently slows down motion of the nanolubricant but increases temperature and concentration profiles.

Case study of autocatalysis reactions on tetra hybrid binary nanofluid flow via Riga wedge: Biofuel thermal application

Ethanol and biodiesel, which both belong to the first generation of biofuel technology, are the two most popular forms of biofuels now in use. In order to create next-generation biofuels using waste, cellulosic biomass, and algae-based resources, the Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) is working with business. The present article is designed to study the effect of tetra hybrid nanoparticles with the utilization of the novel Hamilton and Crosser model and catalytic reaction on binary fluid with the consideration of ethanol biofuel as a base fluid. Ethanol comprising tetra hybrid nanoparticles and heterogeneous catalytic reaction amplifies thermal conductivity and significantly increases brake thermal efficiency and reduces brake-specific fuel consumption in diesel engines. Therefore, the aim of this article is a theoretical checkup that is related to heat and mass transport of biofuel flow considering binary fluid accompanied with autocatalysis reaction and novel tetra hybrid nanoparticles on biofluid flow subjected to a Riga wedge. Transportation of heat via nonuniform heat source/sink, thermal radiation, and thermal conductivity are in our consideration. The mathematics of the assumed problem generates the system of non-linear partial differential equations from basic equations of momentum, energy, and mass. The usage of non-dimensional variables gave a system of non-linear ODEs with boundary conditions which are further dealt with in the Lobatto111A scheme. The results are obtained for stretching/shrinking wedge with several parameters. From obtained results, it is observed that the velocity field diminishes owing to magnification in Weissenberg number and Casson fluid parameter. The temperature field diminishes by amplifying heat generation, thermal radiation, and variable thermal conductivity parameter. Concentration distribution escalates by rising homogeneous reaction parameters.

Entropy Analysis on Magneto-Convective and Chemically Reactive Nanofluids Flow Over a Stretching Cylinder in the Presence of Variable Thermal Conductivity and Variable Diffusivity

The current paper is on the boundary layer flow of a magnetohydrodynamic nanofluids (Cu, Al2O3 nanoparticles with base fluid water) flow over a linearly stretching cylinder. We have analyzed the entropy generation with heat and mass transfer in mixed convection, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, variable thermal conductivity, variable mass diffusivity, and binary chemical reaction with activation energy. Convective boundary conditions are also considered here. No such attempt is yet made by the researchers on hybridization and entropy optimization model by considering variable thermal conductivity and variable mass diffusivity with binary chemical reaction with convective boundary conditions induced by a stretching cylinder. The efficient implicit Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method with shooting technique is used for numerical solutions to the transformed-converted non-linear system of equations. The study is motivated by analyzing the effects on the nanofluid velocity, skin friction coefficient, temperature distribution, Nusselt number, nanoparticles concentration, and Sherwood number inside the boundary layer. The impact of solid volume fraction, chemical reaction, and activation energy with entropy generation is the key findings of the current investigation. Variable thermal conductivity and variable diffusivity parameters hike temperature and concentration profile, respectively. Entropy and Bejan number are increasing functions for curvature parameters.

Thermal Conductivity and Mixed Convection Influence on the Flow of Viscoelastic Fluid Due To Inclined Cylinder

The thermal flow of second grade fluid with Soret and Dufour effects has been observed in this investigation. The problem is modified with mixed convection and thermal radiation applications. The thermal conductivity with variable relations is used to analyze the transport phenomenon. Further, the applications of mixed convection and magnetic force has also been focused. The convective thermal and concentration flow constraints are used for the current flow problem. The shooting numerical scheme is used to calculate the numerical observations. The major impact of parameters is visualized for flow parameters. It is observed that the velocity profile increases for curvature parameter and viscoelastic fluid parameter. The assumptions of variable thermal conductivity enhanced with transport phenomenon. The Nusselt number declined for variable thermal conductivity parameter.

Swirling flow analysis of Eyring–Powell fluid between coaxial disks with variable property

Abstract The main objective of this study is to examine an unsteady swirling flow of a non-Newtonian Eyring–Powell fluid between two coaxial disks. The lower and upper disks are considered to rotate with different angular velocities. The three-dimensional axisymmetric flow phenomenon and heat transfer mechanism are observed with the consequences of the magnetic field and variable thermal conductivity of the fluid. The variable thermal conductivity is taken to be dependent on the fluid temperature. The implementation of the Von Karman similarity transformations on the constituting equations of the flow phenomenon yields the dimensionless system of the non-linear equations. An optimal homotopy analysis technique is adopted to obtain analytical solutions for highly non-linear equations. In view of the same and opposite directions of disks rotation, the various aspects of the flow system corresponding to the pertinent parameters are discussed with physical significance. The obtained results indicate that both radial and axial fields are the escalating functions of the Eyring–Powell fluid parameter. Moreover, the heat transfer rate enhances with the improving variable thermal conductivity parameter.

A comparative thermal case study on thermophysical aspects in thermally magnetized flow regime with variable thermal conductivity

It is well consensus among researchers affiliated with the field of thermal engineering that the thermophysical characteristics of heat transfer in fluid science own abundant applications like thermal distillation systems, heat exchangers, steam-electric power generation, electronic cooling, solar collectors, refrigeration systems and spacecraft thermal protection are to mention just a few. Considering such importance we offer a thermal case study on thermophysical aspects in a thermally magnetized non-Newtonian fluid along with a first-order chemical reaction effect. The flow field is carried with the following thermophysical effects namely, mixed convection, heat generation, viscous dissipation, thermal radiations, and temperature-dependent variable thermal conductivity. We have offered comparative analysis for temperature and Nusselt number by considering thermally radiative and non-radiative thermal flow fields. The thermal outcomes on temperature and Nusselt number are also reported for both the absence and presence of the heat generation effect. For both radiative and non-radiative Casson flow, the temperature shows an inciting nature towards Casson and variable thermal conductivity parameters. The magnitude of the Nusselt number towards Eckert, Prandt numbers, curvature, heat generation, and Casson fluid parameters is higher for the presence of thermal radiations while the opposite is the case for positive variation in the thermal conductivity parameter.

Dual solutions of radiative Ag-MoS_2/water hybrid nanofluid flow with variable viscosity and variable thermal conductivity along an exponentially shrinking permeable Riga surface: Stability and entropy generation analysis

ABSTRACT In this analysis, the Silver-Molybdenum disulfide ()/water hybrid nanofluid flow past a permeable exponentially shrinking Riga surface with thermal radiant energy is considered. The novelty of this work is to find out the effects of variable viscosity, variable thermal conductivity with hybrid nanofluid’s slip velocity, and convective thermal boundary conditions over a shrinking Riga surface on velocity, temperature, skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and entropy generation. The MATLAB programming platform with a fourth-order method to solve boundary value problem (bvp4c) was employed to get a good account of all pertinent flow parameters before solving the controlling partial differential equations numerically. Here of Silver () and of Molybdenum disulfide () nanoparticles in the hybrid model are considered in the base fluid water. The basic achievement of this analysis is to explore the Nusselt number, skin friction coefficient along with entropy formation, and Bejan number. The irreversibility factor is calculated using the thermodynamics second law. The findings also point to the presence of dual-nature solutions in the shrinking sheet region for a given value of a high mass suction parameter, with a stable upper solution branch and unstable lower solution branch. Two solutions are found for the limited range of shrinking parameter when and the solutions terminate at in the shrinking region. Additionally, the first solution generates a positive minimum eigenvalue (), whereas the second solution generates a negative eigenvalue (), indicating the solution’s stability. Nusselt number is enhanced for variable viscosity parameter but diminished by variable thermal conductivity parameter for the stable solution. The entropy generation and the Bejan number both increase significantly with the increment of the thermal radiant-energy parameter, Biot number, and Eckert number. These results are crucial in the long term because they allow us to optimize heat transmission for cooling and heating applications. Hence, this investigation is incredibly significant in the present era, particularly in the automotive industry, home industry, paper plastics, ceramics, food packaging, food colorants, cancer treatment, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, fabrics, paints, and soaps as well.

Thermal radiation effect on Non-Newtonian Casson fluid through a porous material over a magnetic field with buoyancy

The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) chemically reactive of Casson non-Newtonian nanofluid flow on a two-dimensional incompressible steady from stretched sheet in a porous quiescent medium with buoyancy effect is investigated numerically. Additional effects included in the originality of the model are the applied magnetic field and solar radiation effect. The Chebyshev collocation method (CCM) was used to solve the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with MATHEMATICA 11.3 software. The present tables and graphs show the performance of fluid physical quantities, momentum flow, energy distribution, nanoparticle concentration, and velocity for various values of applicable dimensionless numbers. The numerical outcomes demonstrate the effect of different physical parameters of the fluid, and it was observed that the velocity profile increased as the thermal and mass Grashof number increased due to an increase in buoyant force caused by heat transferred from the vertical plate to the fluid but decreased as the Casson parameter increased due to a decrease in its yield stress, porosity, and magnetic parameter. Also Analyses reveal that the thermal profile reduce with an increase in variable thermal conductivity parameter. This study will be of considerable economic value to marine engineers, mechanical engineers, physicists, chemical engineers, and others since its application will help them improve their operations.

Neural networking analysis for MHD mixed convection Casson flow past a multiple surfaces: A numerical solution

<abstract> <p>The heat and mass transfer within non-Newtonian fluid flow results in complex mathematical equations and solution in this regard remains a challenging task for researchers. The present paper offers a numerical solution for the non-Newtonian flow field by using Artificial neural networking (ANN) model with the Levenberg Marquardt training technique. To be more specific, we considered thermally magnetized non-Newtonian flow headed for inclined heated surfaces. The flow is carried with viscous dissipation, stagnation point, heat generation, mixed convection, and thermal radiation effects. The concentration aspects are entertained by the owing concentration equation. The shooting method is used to solve the mathematical flow equations. The quantity of interest includes the temperature and heat transfer coefficient. Two different artificial neural networking models have been built. The training of networks is done by use of the Levenberg Marquardt technique. The values of the coefficient of determination suggest artificial neural networks as the best method for predicting the Nusselt number at both surfaces. The thermal radiation parameter and Prandtl number admit a direct relationship to the Nusselt number while the differing is the case for variable thermal conductivity and Casson parameters. Further, by using Nusselt number (NN)-ANN models, we found that for cylindrical surface, the strength of the NN is greater than the flat surface.</p> </abstract>