Thermal Compound Parabolic Concentrator Research Articles

Economic and Performance Analysis of Modified Solar Distillation System Coupling Different Integrations Using Carbon Quantum Dot Nanoparticles: Generalized Thermal Model

Abstract Clean drinking water and electricity production utilizing non-conventional sources of energy is the global demand for sustainable development. Ultrafast heat transfer fluids have delivered impressive results in photovoltaic (PV)-integrated solar thermal systems, in recent times. Efforts have been made for the productivity and electricity augmentation of solar still equipped with helically coilled heat exchanger and coupled with different integrations, viz., (a) partially covered N-photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator (N-PVT-CPC), (b) partially covered N-photovoltaic thermal flat plate collector (N-PVT-FPC), (c) N-FPC-CPC, and (d) N-flat plate collector (N-FPC). System design has also been modified by adding a roof-top semi-transparent PV module and built-in passive copper condenser (circulation mode), and effect of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) water-based nanofluids, nanoparticles volume concentration, and packing factor (βc) of the PV module has been studied by developing generalized thermal modeling of the system (special cases). Overall, 41.1%, 21.52%, 22.01%, and 10.01% rise in evaporative HTCs is observed in FPC-CPC, PVT-CPC, FPC, and PVT-FPC integrations, respectively. Thermal exergy is found to be higher for FPC-CPC integration, and it follows the enhancement order as FPC-CPC (max-0.147 kW) > PVT-CPC (0.088 kW) > FPC (0.038 kW) > PVT-FPC (0.028 kW). In reference to the base fluid, significant enhancement in the daily productivity is observed for FPC-CPC (10.9%) and PVT-CPC (5.16%) integrations using CQD-NPs. The production cost of potable water has also been estimated for all the cases for n = 30 and n = 50 years life span and i = 4% and 8% interest rates, and it is found to be the lowest (0.014 $/L) for FPC-CPC integration using CQD-NPs (n = 30 years, i = 4%).

Energy matrices, enviro-economic and characteristic equation-based performance analyses of photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator (PVT-CPC) coupled solar still equipped with heat exchanger using SWCNTs and MWCNTs–water nanofluids

In this paper, effect of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)- water based nanofluid have been studied to examine the performance, long-term feasibility andenviro-enviro-economic analysis of partially covered series connected N- photovoltaic thermal (PVT)-compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) collectors coupled double slope solar still (DSSS) equipped with helically coiled heat exchanger (HE). Analysis have been carried out by developing thermal modelling of the proposed system. Instantaneous gain and loss efficiencies; annual thermal energy/exergy, and productivity – is investigated for optimized parameters of the proposed system in detail. Gain efficiency of the proposed system is found to be approximately 25-30% higher using CNT-NPs as compared to the system without using NPs. Annual thermal energy and exergy of CNTs, particularly SWCNTs water-based nanofluid (thermal energy- 2491.55 kWh, thermal exergy-894.67 kWh) have been found to be greater in comparison to basefluid (thermal energy -2185.76 kWh, thermal exergy-772.18 kWh). Also, results give higher value of CO2 mitigation using CNT-NPs both on the basis of energy (SWCNT-5.082t, MWCNT-4.787t) and exergy (SWCNT-1.83t, MWCNT-1.76t) respectively. SWCNT-NPs shows better performance due to their better TPPs; also PVT-CPC collector integrated DSSS equipped with HE is more viable practically.

Enviroeconomic analysis of a hybrid active solar desalination system using nanoparticles

The water crisis is the focus of this work, and there is a dire need to develop eco-friendly and self-sustainable water supply units. This study performed an economic and enviroeconomic analysis of N identical photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator collectors with double-slope solar desalination units with a heat exchanger using water-based aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles. In this analytical study, a program was fed into the Matlab environment, and the analysis was monitored on an annual basis in New Delhi, India. The Indian Metrological Department in Pune, India, provided the input data necessary for the mathematical procedure. From the year-round solar energy, yield and energy production were calculated. The economic, environmental and energy-related performance of the system was assessed, and it was compared with those of previous systems. Additionally, based on annual and lifespans of 15, 20 and 30 years, it was discovered that there is an 8.5% greater yield, 7.31% greater annual energy, 3.9 and 2.85% less carbon dioxide (CO2) mitigation/t energy and 5.17% greater annual productivity, carbon dioxide credit respectively. Based on energy, environmental and economic factors, it was determined that the suggested system was superior to alternative systems.

An estimation of bio-methane generation from photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator (PVT-CPC) integrated fixed dome biogas digester

An estimation of bio-methane generation from photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator (PVT-CPC) integrated fixed dome biogas digester

A Comparative Study of Active Solo and Dual Inclined Compound Parabolic Concentrator Collector Solar Stills Based on Exergoeconomic and Enviroeconomic

Abstract: The Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) is a uniform photovoltaic thermal (PVT) compound linked to solar photos (N) of water collectors called PVT-CPC Active Solar Filtration System Analysis. New Delhi Analysis is done for a solar filter system for a given particle size under weather conditions. We assess efficiency, system productivity, and life cycle cost analysis. The Thermal Model Life cycle cost efficiency (LCCE), designed for LCCE analysis, is considered the only and double-doubled effective PVT-CPC system for filtering solar energy recovery time. In this work, we need to analyze the appropriate points of the collector and extract the bulk of the system. Tests were performed on dual-solar and dual-inclined PVT-CPC operating systems with a single basin size and a water depth of 0.14 m, with yield on yearly basis, factor of energy payback, and efficiency of life cycle cost conversion analysis of 5.0%, 12.63%. Moreover, 22.21% is two times higher than the solo inclined system. In addition, the water return, one PVT-CPC, and two turns have been found to have a recovery time (EPT) with an interest rate of 5%. The solar filter system is 10.89% and 17.99% higher than the solo inclined photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator activated solar filter system, respectively. The above analysis concluded, we can confirm that the two bends are better than the active PVT-CPC system for solar filtering, which is the only inclination of the depth of 0.14 m in water based on daily based analysis. If depth of water 0.14 m is more significant, for basin size provided the performance of one inline is improved and is better than curved solar-powered filtering systems. The upgraded system lasts longer and can meet potable water and DC electricity on sunny commercial days.

Effect of Series and Parallel Combination of Photovoltaic Thermal Collectors on the Performances of Integrated Active Solar Still

Abstract In this article, an analytical expression for hourly yield, electrical energy and overall exergy of self-sustained solar still integrated with series and parallel combination of photovoltaic thermal-compound parabolic concentrator (PVT-CPC) collectors have been derived. The analysis is based on the basic energy balance equation of the proposed active solar distillation system. Based on numerical computations, it has been observed that the yield is maximum for all self-sustained PVT-CPC collectors are connected in series (case (i)). Furthermore, the daily yield and exergy increase with the increase of water depth unlike passive solar still for all collectors connected in series. However, overall exergy decreases with an increase of water depth for all collectors connected in parallel (case (iv)). For numerical simulations, the total numbers of self-sustained PVT-CPC collectors has been considered as constant. Furthermore, an effect of series and parallel combination of PVT-CPC collectors on daily yield, electrical energy, and overall exergy has also been carried out. Following additional conclusions have also been drawn: (i) The daily yield of the proposed active solar still decreases with the increase of packing factor of semi-transparent photovoltaic (PV) module for a given water depth and electrical energy and overall exergy increase with water depth for case (i) as expected due to low operating temperature range at higher water depth in the basin. (ii) The daily yield, electrical energy, and overall exergy increase with the increase of water depth for all combination of series and parallel arrangement of PVT-CPC collectors for a packing factor of 0.22 as per our expectation.

Analytical study of photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator active double slope solar distiller with a helical coiled heat exchanger using CuO nanoparticles

Analytical study of photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator active double slope solar distiller with a helical coiled heat exchanger using CuO nanoparticles

Parametric studies of PVT-CPC active conical solar still

This research gives an explanation that has been made to establish a model (thermal) that has operating solar still that have condensing cover in conical shape for the suggested photo-voltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator. This model is completely depending on simplified equation of energy balance of each and every element of the suggested structure. A sensitive parametric investigation to check performance of the photo-voltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator operating solar still of conical shape in form of climatic and design specification has been studied. The numerical simulations have been performed by using MATLAB for month of March in climate of New Delhi. There are various parameters that affects the packing factor of photo-voltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator, absorptivity of basin liner and depth of basin of water on suggested operating solar still performance have been explored in details. From the results and discussion, it is found that the output on daily basis of the proposed system is inversely proportional to depth of water basin and directly proportional to absorptivity of basin liner.

Thermal modelling of PVT-CPC integrated vapour absorption refrigeration system

In this paper, the single effect vapour absorption refrigeration (VAR) system is integrated with fully covered semi-transparent photovoltaic thermal-compound parabolic concentrator (PVT-CPC) collector. The thermal model of this integrated system has been obtained under constant mass flow rate mode of the collector. The thermal model is based on the basic energy balance of each component of the integrated system in terms of design and climatic parameters. Also, solar coefficient of performance (SCOP), refrigeration coefficient of performance (RCOP) and exergy coefficient of performance (ECOP) have been evaluated for the proposed integrated system. The numerical simulation have been performed for the climatic conditions of capital city of INDIA (i.e. New Delhi) with the help of MATLAB R2015a. From the results and discussion, it is found that PVT-CPC integrated with VAR system is most suitable for the self-sustained operation up to five hours for a typical day of summer month of New Delhi.

Sensitivity Analysis of N Undistinguishable Photovoltaic Thermal Compound-Parabolic-Concentrator Collectors (Partly Covered, 50%) Integrated Single-Slope Solar Distiller Unit

Abstract In the current research, the sensitivity analysis of N alike in parts covered photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator collectors integrated single-slope solar distiller unit is performed and examined. The analysis is done using computational programming in matlab (month: May and location: New Delhi). The parametric values of potable water and DC electric power outputs have been figured for different values of mass flow rate (MFR), number of collectors (N), packing factor (PF), and water depth (WD). Elaborative observations says that the value of potable water output declines and DC electric power output increases with the increase in MFR for the considered values of N, PF, and WD. Also the values of DC electric power increases by 81.63% if packing factor is increased from 0.4 to 0.6 for the considered values of MFR, N, and WD. Based on the results of all the analysis, sensible and effective conclusions are made.

Annual overall energy and exergy analysis of N-PVT-CPC integrated VAR system: a constant collection temperature mode

This paper deals with detailed thermal modelling of N number of series-connected photovoltaic thermal-compound parabolic concentrator (N-PVT-CPC) collector integrated with lithium bromide-water (LiBr-H2O)-based single-effect vapour absorption refrigeration (VAR) system. The analysis of this novel integrated system has been carried out for constant collection temperature of the fluid that passes through the N-PVT-CPC collectors. The numerical simulations were performed on a typical clear day of May month for the climatic condition of New Delhi on MATLAB. From the present findings, it is concluded that the operation of the proposed system operating at To = 90°C is most suitable in respect of the higher duration of time and cooling effect and self-sustained up to six hours for a typical clear day of May month of New Delhi. Furthermore, a comparative analysis between N-PVT-CPC and N-PVT-FPC integrated VAR system has been presented on the basis of annual energy and exergy analysis.

Thermal and electrical performance evaluation of photo-voltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator integrated fixed dome biogas plant

Based on energy balance equation for photo-voltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator (PVT-CPC) integrated bio-gas plant, an analytical expression for slurry, absorber plate and solar cell temperature has been derived in terms of design and climatic parameters. Effect of number of PVT-CPC collectors, packing factor, mass flow rate, etc. on optimum slurry temperature for Indian climatic condition has been studied. Further, the thermal and electrical analysis of proposed system has also been carried out. Based on numerical computation for cold climatic condition of Srinagar, India, and for given mass flow rate in collector loop, the slurry temperature increases significantly with increasing in number of collectors as expected. Packing factor of photo-voltaic thermal (PVT) system plays an important role in optimization of thermal and electrical power output for efficient operation of biogas plant.

Effect of number of collectors (N) on life cycle conversion efficiency of single slope solar desalination unit coupled with N identical partly covered compound parabolic concentrator collectors

In this paper, the effect of number of collectors on the life cycle conversion efficiency (LCCE) of a single slope solar desalination unit (SSSDU) coupled with N alike partly covered photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator collectors (PVTCPCs) has been communicated. The analysis has been carried out for an archetypal day of July and December for the atmospheric situation of New Delhi with the help of analytical program fed in MATLAB. The average value of energy output for type a weather condition has been taken to find the annual energy output. The input data required for the numerical computations have been taken from IMD, Pune, India. It has been observed that the value of LCCE increases with the raise in the value of number of collectors.

Exergoeconoic analysis of single slope solar desalination unit coupled with PVT-CPCs by incorporating the effect of dissimilarity of the rate of flowing fluid mass

Thewaftimpactof water mass per unit time on the exergoeconomic parameter of a single slopesolardesalination unit (SSSDU) coupled with N alike partlyblanketedphotovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator collectors (PVTCPC) has been addressed in this paper. Theanalysiswas carried out on the archetypal day of July and December for the atmosphericsituation in New Delhi with thehelpof the analyticalprogramfed to MATLAB. Theaverageeach dayexergy for thetypeaweatherconditionwas onceused toevaluatethe annual exercise. Theinputdatarequired for numerical computingused to betaken from IMD, Pune, India.The value of the exergoeconomic parameter has been observed to decrease with the increase of the value of the flow mass per unit time.

Modeling self-sustainable fully-covered photovoltaic thermal-compound parabolic concentrators connected to double slope solar distiller

Modeling self-sustainable fully-covered photovoltaic thermal-compound parabolic concentrators connected to double slope solar distiller

Thermodynamic analysis of Organic Rankine cycle driven by reversed absorber hybrid photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator system

In current study, an effort is made to improve the overall performance of the solar powered organic Rankine system to meet increasing energy demand and mitigate the resulting menace caused by environmental imbalance. Hourly performance evaluation of Solar powered Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system is done for varying concentration ratio in terms of collector output temperature, heat gain in evaporator, combined thermal and exergetic efficiency. The Heptane/R245fa is used as working fluid at fixed (0.1/0.9) fractional mass component. Organic Rankine system is coupled with reversed absorber hybrid photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator (PVTCPC). The highest collector outlet temperature 125.45 °C, heat gain 3.21 × 105 W, combined thermal efficiency 7.8%, and exergetic efficiency 14.38% is observed at 13:00 h for 6 concentration ratio of the concentrator. This study establishes the utility of low-grade renewable heat source conversion into solar electrification, solar irrigation, solar cooling and solar water purification.

Exergy analysis of N-photovoltaic thermal-compound parabolic concentrator (N-PVT-CPC) collector for constant collection temperature for vapor absorption refrigeration (VAR) system

In the present paper, the operating parameters of N-fully covered semitransparent photovoltaic thermal-compound parabolic concentrator (PVT-CPC) collector for constant collection temperature mode have been analyzed on the basis of an overall exergy analysis. The proposed system for a given design and climatic parameters will be applicable to the vapor absorption refrigeration system. The analyses are based on basic energy balance of each components, namely, solar cell, absorber plate, concentrator, flowing fluid, etc. Numerical computations have been carried out for New Delhi climatic condition by using MATLAB R2015a. The performance of the proposed system has also been compared with the performance of photovoltaic thermal-flat plate collector (PVT-FPC), conventional flat plate-compound parabolic concentrator (FPC-CPC) and conventional flat plate collector (FPC). Following conclusions have been made:(i)An overall exergy of N-fully covered semitransparent PVT-CPC system decreases with the increase in constant collection temperature,(ii)An overall thermal energy of N-fully covered semitransparent PVT-CPC system increases with the decrease in packing factor (βc) and.(iii)PVT-CPC and PVT-FPC with fully covered semitransparent are self-sustained collectors to be used for vapor absorption refrigeration system.The proposed system will be most appropriate for vapor absorption refrigeration (VAR) systems.

Development of characteristic equations for PVT-CPC active solar distillation system

This paper deals with the development of analytical characteristic equation for N identical fully covered photovoltaic thermal (PVT) compound parabolic concentrator collector (CPC) integrated solar distillation system which is similar to Hottel-Whillier-Bliss equation of flat plate collector (FPC). The partially covered PVT has disadvantages like (a) thermal performance is lower due to higher top loss coefficient, (b) maintenance is higher and (c) fabrication is expensive. These problems are fully addressed in the case of fully covered PVT for the same watt peak. The development of analytical characteristic equation for the proposed system consists of writing energy balance equations for its various components. The results of proposed N-PVT-CPC integrated active solar distillation system [case (i)] has been compared with fully covered N identical PVT-FPC integrated solar distillation system [case (ii)] and conventional N identical FPC active solar distillation system [case (iii)]. It has been observed that average instantaneous efficiency of case (i) is higher than case (ii) by 10.60%, but lower than case (iii) by 20.74%.

Effect of cooling condensing cover on the performance of N-identical photovoltaic thermal-compound parabolic concentrator active solar still: a comparative study

In this work, photovoltaic thermal-compound parabolic concentrators (PVT-CPC) are integrated to a single slope solar still (SS-SS) through a heat exchanger placed in the basin. A continuous water flow is provided over the condensing cover of SS-SS for yield enhancement. An effect of cooling condensing cover on energy and exergy analysis (thermal and electrical) together with the production cost of distilled water (₹/kg) has been studied for the following three cases: (I) the proposed partially covered photovoltaic thermal-compound parabolic concentrator single slope solar still (PVT-CPC-SS-SS), (II) fully covered thermal-compound parabolic concentrator single slope solar still (PVT-CPC-SS-SS), and (III) flat plate thermal-compound parabolic concentrator single slope solar still (FPC-CPC-SS-SS). Design parameters have been optimized for maximum distillate output (energy) and exergy on annual performance basis. Moreover, higher daily yield (37.9 kg) is obtained for case (iii). In addition, higher electrical module efficiency (13%) is obtained for case (ii) for the month of January when the solar cell temperature is 55 °C at the optimized conditions. However, the proposed system gives daily yield (35.78 kg) and generates electricity at module efficiency of 12%. The energy payback time of the proposed system is estimated to be 2 years.

Improved Hottel-Whillier-Bliss equation for N-photovoltaic thermal-compound parabolic concentrator (N-PVT-CPC) collector

In this communication, an attempt has been made to develop modified Hottel-Whillier-Bliss (HWB) equation for N-number of fully covered photovoltaic thermal- compound parabolic concentrator (N-PVT-CPC) collector. The Analysis is based on basic energy balance equations for each component of the system as a function of design and climatic parameters. Developed modified Hottel-Whillier-Bliss (HWB) equation is applicable for various configurations namely conventional flat plate-compound parabolic concentrator (FPC-CPC), fully covered photovoltaic thermal-flat plate collectors (PVT-FPC) and conventional flat plate collectors (FPC) as a special case. The characteristic curve for thermal and electrical efficiency has also been developed for all cases considered in the present paper. Further, an experimental validation for N = 1 has also been carried out under indoor simulation condition.