Theother Group Research Articles

Effect of Feed Withdrawal on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Heat Stressed Broiler Chicken

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of feedwithdrawal at different ages during the hottest summer days on thegrowth performance and some carcass traits of broiler chicken. Onehundred thirty five male chicks at 14 days of age (DOA) with averagebody weight (375 g/bird) were randomly allotted to three treatments withthree replicates each. The treatments consisted of the control (no feedwithdrawal), early feed withdrawal (EFW) at the fourth week of age andlate feed withdrawal (LFW) at the fifth week of age. The treatments wereassigned to a completely randomized design. The experiment lasted forfive weeks having one week as a transitional period, and it was terminatedat 49 DOA. The feed withdrawal duration was two weeks for each group.Feed withdrawal was undertaken from 10:00 am till 7:00 pm. Feed intakeand live body weight were recorded weekly. Feed conversion ratio (FCR)and the cumulative mortality rate were calculated. Some physical andchemical analyses were carried out for some carcass parts (drumstick andthigh). The abdominal fat pad (AFP) was removed and weighed. TheLFW group significantly (P ≤ 0.05) consumed the highest amount of feed,whereas the EFW group consumed the least amount. The cumulativemortality rate was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower for LFW and EFW, andthe control group recorded the highest rate. At 49 DOA, live body weightwas significantly (P ≤ 0.05) the highest for the LFW group, whereas theother groups recorded similar body weights. The overall FCR wassignificantly (P ≤ 0.05) the best for LFW group, whereas the control had

Evaluation of temperature effect on cyclic fatigue resistance of nickeltitanium instruments in a double-curved canal: a comparative study

Objective: To investigate the effect of room and body temperatures on cyclic fatigue resistance of three endodonticnickel-titanium rotary files: Hyflex EDM (HEDM) (Coltene/Whaledent, Switzerland), WaveOne Gold (WOG)(Dentsply Maillefer, Switzer), and EdgeOne Fire (EOF) (EdgeEndo, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA) in a doublecurvedcanal. Material and Methods: In this study, Sixty NiTi rotary files were used. These files were dividedinto three groups (n = 20 for each group). Group A: HEDM (size 25, taper 0.08), group B: WOG (size 25, taper0.07), and group C: EOF (size 25, taper 0.07). Each group was subdivided into two subgroups (n=10 for eachsubgroup). One of the subgroup was subjected to cyclic fatigue test at room temperature (20±1°C), while theother subgroup was subjected to cyclic fatigue test at body temperature (37±1°C). These files were tested by usinga custom-made artificial canal with a double curvature (coronal curve: 60° curvature with 5 mm radius; apicalcurve: 70° curvature with 2 mm radius). All instruments were rotated according to the manufacturer instructionsuntil the fracture occurred by using electric endodontic motor (Wave One, Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues,Switzerland). The number of cycles to fracture (NCF) and the fractured fragment length (FL) were recordedfor each endodontic file. The data were gathered and statistically analyzed using shapiro-wilk test and two-wayANOVA test. The statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: The NCF of WOG and EOF were significantlylower at body temperature as compared to room temperature (p<-0.05), whereas no difference was observedin NCF of HEDM at body and room temperatures (p>0.05). At 20±1°C, the results showed a non-significantdifference between NCF of WOG and EOF (p>0.05), while the NCF of HEDM was significantly lower than theother groups (p<-0.05). At 37±1°C, the results showed a non-significant difference in NCF among the testedendodontic files (p<-0.05). There is non-significant difference in FL of each group at (20±1°C) and (37±1°C)(p>0.05). No statistical difference in FL among the tested files at room and body temperatures (p>0.05).Conclusion: The temperature has a significant effect on cyclic fatigue resistance of EOF and WOG, whereas noeffect was observed on cyclic fatigue resistance of HEDM. WOG and EOF had a comparable NCF, while HEDMhad a lower NCF than other groups at room temperature. At body temperature, all tested files have a comparableNCF. These results were attributed to the type of the alloy and heat treated that was used to manufacture theseendodontic files. The cyclic fatigue test should be done at body temperature. KEYWORDSBody temperature; Cyclic fatigue; EdgeOne fire; Hyflex EDM; WaveOne Gold.

Totally Implantable Venous Access Port Systems: Implant Depth-based Complications in Breast Cancer Therapy - A Comparative Study.

Totally implantable venous access port system (TIVAPS) is widely used in breast cancer therapy; TIVAPS has several associated complications depending on the depth of implantation in breast cancer (BC) patients during continuous infusional chemotherapy regimens. The purpose of this study is to find out the optimal depth of TIVAPS implantation to reduce the incidence of complications during infusional chemotherapy. This study reviewed the depth of TIVAPS implantation in the internal jugular vein in 1282 breast cancer patients over a ten-year period (2009-2019), and associated complications. We segregated the patients as 5 groups: 'Group A (depth < 4 mm), Group B (depth of 4-8 mm), Group C (depth of 8-12 mm), and Group D (depth of 12-16 mm), and Group E (depth of > 16 mm)'. Consequently, the 'internal complications' such as infection, venous thrombotic syndrome, catheter folding & migration, extravasation, whereas the 'external complications' viz., inflammation, local hematoma, local cutaneous reactions, and port exteriorization were significantly analyzed during TIVAPS implantation at different depths in BC patients. Overall incidence of 'internal complications' such as infections (8.6%, 2/23 cases), venous thrombotic syndrome (7.69%, 1/13 cases), catheter folding & migration (8.3%, 1/12 cases), and extravasation (8.3%, 1/12 cases) was comparatively lesser in Group C (8-12 mm) (p<0.01) than the Group A, Group B, Group D, and Group E respectively. Mainly, the external complications such as inflammation in Group C (8-12 mm) (pp< 0.01) was lesser (6.8%, 3/44 cases) than Group A, Group B, Group D, Group E. On the similar note, the local hematoma, and local cutaneous reaction, and port exteriorization were observed as '5% (1/20 cases), 4.2% (2/47 cases), and (3.2%, 1/31 cases)' in Group C patients (p<0.01), which were comparatively lesser than the other groups. Subcutaneous implantation of TIVAPS at a depth of 8-12 mm could be preferred due to the lowest incidence of internal and external complications compared to the incidence of these complications in other groups; this depth could be referred to as the safe and convenient implantation depth for the effective delivery of chemotherapy regimen in BC patients without difficulty in transcutaneous access to the port.

The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on the Increase in CD4 count of HIV/AIDS Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy

Introduction. Vitamin D plays a role in health overall, but hypovitaminosis D stilloccurs throughout the world. HIV/AIDS patients are prone to suffer fromhypovitaminosis D because of the infection itself and the side effects of antiretroviraltherapy. Various effort have been tried to improve the immune status of HIV/AIDSpatients, one of them is by adding vitamin D. Vitamin D acts as an antiinflammatoryso that it can prevent apoptosis of CD4 T cells and increase CD4 cell count.Methods. This is a randomized control trial add on a study that aims to determinethe effect of vitamin D to increase in CD4 counts of HIV / AIDS patients who havereceived antiretroviral drugs. Subjects were HIV / AIDS patients who had receivedantiretroviral drugs. A total of 20 subjects were divided randomly into two groups;one group received vitamin D (calcitriol 0.5 mcg per day) for eight weeks, and theother group that received a placebo. Each group was measured of CD4 cell countbefore and after treatment. Results. There was a significant increase in the CD4 cellcount of the vitamin D group (p = 0.046), but not in the CD4 cell count of bothgroups (p = 0.985). The comparison of mean CD4 cell counts between groups beforetreatment was not significantly different (p = 0.057), but after treatment, it becamesignificantly different (p = 0.040). Conclusion. Vitamin D has been successful inincreasing CD4 cell count in the vitamin D group, and it is recommended to giveHIV / AIDS patients to increase CD4 cell count.

Bacterial Contamination in the Components of the Chickens' Eggs

In 120 hen eggs ( local eggs , hatching eggs and table eggs ) a bacteriologicalpollution with high rate was observed by isolating 427 bacterial isolates fromwhich 199 isolates related to the egg's shell , 117 isolates related to albumen sac,and 111 isolates related to yolk sac .The Salmonella ssp isolates were the greater number (142 isolates) ,Echerichia coli ( 138 isolates ) , Streptococcus ssp ( 89 isolated) and latelyStaphylococcus ssp ( 58 isolates ) which was never isolated from internal eggcomponents (Albumen Sac and yolk sac) .The study explains that the shell of the egg is more contaminated thanAlbumen Sac and yolk sac and that the table egg is more contaminated than theother groups.

Comparative Study of Iris and Retinal Images for Early Detection of Diabetic Mellitus

The recent increase in the number of diabetic cases due to genetic reasons or sedentary lifestyle, necessitates urgent need for an effective glucose monitoring system. Certainly, periodic glucose level monitoring in the blood will prevent from entering chronic diabetic condition and a noninvasive monitoring tool leads to a simple and automated diagnosis procedure. In this present work, an iridology-based diagnosis of diabetes has been discussed and is compared with a standard retinal imaging modality. Two subject groups, one group of 30 subjects without diabetes, the other group with 20 subjects of controlled diabetes with less than two years duration and 25 subjects with more than two years of uncontrolled diabetes were evaluated. Iris images are acquired using an iriscope and subsequently compared it with that of retinal spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) images of the same subjects. The segmentation of the pancreas region in the iris images and the retinal layers in the SDOCT retinal images are performed automatically to predict Diabetic Mellitus (DM). The selected features of the segmented region are given as input to k-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine and Random Forest classifiers for discriminating diabetic and non-diabetic normal cases. The results showed that iris images are able to reveal the diabetic condition of the subjects even before their retina could reveal the same. However, elaborate extensive studies have to be carried out in order to validate iridology as a best noninvasive tool for detection of diabetes at the early stage itself.

The incidence of neuropathic pain symptoms in patients with knee osteoarthritis

Introduction. Pain is the most common symptom of knee osteoarthritis. Until recently, this pain was referred to as nociceptive pain. However, the difficulties of pain management in knee osteoarthritis indicate the possible presence of a neuropathic component. The objective of this study was to determine how often neuropathic component is part of chronic pain in knee osteoarthritis. Material and Methods. The study included 417 patients with knee osteoarthritis. The patients were tested using the Neuropathic Pain (Douleur Neuropathique) 4 Questions and a Numeric Pain Rating Scale. Patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group included patients with a Neuropathic Pain 4 Questions score ? 4, and the second group with a score &lt; 4. Results. The majority of patients included in this study were females (301, 72.2%), and most of the patients scored less than 4 in the questionnaire (231, 55.4%). Among the patients with a score ? 4, 144 (77.4%) were female, which is significantly higher compared to the group of patients who scored &lt; 4, 157 (68%) (p = 0.037). There was no statistically significant difference in age between the two groups (p = 0.231). The current pain intensity, average pain, and maximum pain during the last 4 weeks were significantly higher in the group with a score ? 4 (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion. A significant number of patients with knee osteoarthritis had a neuropathic component of pain. There were significantly more women in the group with score ? 4, and this group also reported significantly higher current, as well as average and maximum pain during last 4 weeks than the other group.

Improving Acceptance of Background Noise with Sound Enrichment

Background: Acceptance of background noise serves as a means to predict likelihood of hearing aidsuccess. Individuals that are able to accept background noise are more likely to be successful with hearingaids.Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of sound enrichment on the acceptable noiselevel (ANL).Study Sample: Nineteen young adult participants served as listeners. Participants were randomlyassigned to the experimental or control group.Research Design: An experimental design with random assignment to experimental or control groupwas used.Data Collection and Analysis: One group used sound enrichment procedures for 2 weeks, whereas theother group served as a control group. Sound enrichment procedures required that participants add lowlevelbackground sound to any quiet environment encountered during the study. Most comfortable listeninglevel (MCL) and background noise level (BNL) were measured at three sessions, each 1 weekapart (baseline, after 1 week of treatment, and after 2 weeks of treatment).Results: Analytical statistics revealed that ANL improved for the sound enrichment group but remainedthe same for the control group. For both groups, there was no significant change in MCL across sessions.However, for the experimental group, BNL improved (increased) over the 2-week period while usingsound enrichment.Conclusions: Results of this study indicate that ANL can be improved with the use of sound enrichmentprocedures over a 2-week period. Future work should examine the use of sound enrichment proceduresfor older adults with hearing loss.

The effect of vaginal bleeding and non-spesific pelvic pain on pregnancy outcomes in subchorionic hematomas cases.

To determine the clinical differences and factors affecting early pregnancy outcome in the first and early secondtrimester subchorionic hematoma cases. This study involved with the retrospective analysis and evaluation of 81 cases diagnosed withsubchorionic hematoma. The patients were grouped according to the gestational periods, symptoms at the time of admission,ratio of surrounding hematoma to the gestational sac, and whether there was a pregnancy loss. The groups werecompared according to the clinical features and pregnancy outcomes. The ratio of surrounding hematoma to the gestational sac in the group with pregnancy loss was significantly higher(p = 0.002). When the cut-off value was 35.5%, it could determine the possibility of a complication in pregnancy with 70%sensitivity and 75% specificity. Nonspecific pelvic pain were significantly higher in the pregnancy loss group than in theother group. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of these two parameters on the pregnancyoutcome. Although the presence of non-specific pelvic pain is more in the group with pregnancy loss; there was no effectof on pregnancy outcome (p = 0.141). The risk of pregnancy loss increased 4.5 fold if the ratio of ScH to gestational sacwas above 35% (p = 0.027). In the cases of subchorionic hematoma, we concluded that when the ratio of surrounding hematoma tothe gestational sac increased and when it was accompanied by nonspecific pelvic pain, the hospitalization period of thepatients increased and the ratio of pregnancy loss was higher.

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ULTRASOUND POWERS TREATMENT ON SOME QUALITY PARAMETERS OF SARDINES (SARDINA PILCHARDUS) PACKED IN VACUUM PACKAGING

In this study, the effect of different ultrasound powers treatment (200 W/L, 300 W/L, 500 W/L) on the chemical, microbiological and physical quality parameters of sardine fillets (Sardina pilchardus W.,1972) packed in vacuum packaging were investigated. The determination of quality parameters were studied to be performed by using pH, TVB-N, TBAR’s analyses and various microbiological analyses and by evaluating texture properties and water activity changes in 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14th day of storage. Consequently, it was observed to use of 200 W/L ultrasound delayed microbial spoilage and gave better results compared to the other groups in terms of hardness of product (P &amp;lt;0.05). The fact that use of ultrasound technology in seafood didn't effect negatively connective tissue of product and had positive effect on microbial load show that this technology can be developed and used in seafood.

Aktivitas Ekstrak Daun Binahong(Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) sebagai Antihiperurisemia dan Antioksidan pada Tikus Hiperurisemia

ABSTRACT : The Binahong plant ( Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) has been used to treat several types of diseases. To find another possible biological activities, we investigated binahong leaves antihyperuricemic and antioxidant activity through in vitro assay of xanthine oxidase inhibiting activity of binahong ethanol extract and through in vivo assay by measuring uric acid and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in plasma of hyperuricemic rat treated with binahong ethanol extract. Rat was induced into hyperuricemiccondition using chicken concentrate which is administered orally for 7 days and potassium oxonic through intraperitoneal routeon the last day. In treatment groups, rat were administered with extract at doses 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg BW respectively along the induction periods, while theother group were given allopurinol. On 7 th day, the levels of plasma uric acid andMDA were measured by enzymatic methods and tiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) methodconsecutively. In vitro study shows that at 100 ppm,binahong leavesethanolic extract inhibit xanthine oxidase activity by24.33%, while in vivo study showedthe extract hadantihyperuricemic activity by decreasinguric acid levels at dose 800 mg / kgBB about 60,88% compared to hyperuricemia control group. Plasma MDA levels showed that hyperuricemia induction for 7 days was not enough to show significant increase of MDA levels.As conclusion, the ethanolic extract of binahong leaves could lower uric acid levels but in this study it’s activity as antioxidant could not be proven through MDA measurements.

Effects of different types of training on weight loss

Introduction. The difference between 24-hour daily energy intake and total daily energy expenditure determines whether we lose or gain weight. The resting metabolic rate is the major component of daily energy expenditure, which depends on many different factors, but also on the level of physical activity. The aim of the study was to determine anthropometric and metabolic parameters of athletes engaged in different types of training, to compare obtained results and to examine whether there are statistically significant differences among them. Material and Methods. The study included a total of 42 young male athletes divided into two groups. The first group included 21 athletes who were predominantly engaged in aerobic type of training, and the other group of 21 athletes in anaerobic type of training. Anthropometric measurements were taken and resting metabolic rate was assessed using the indirect calorimetry method. The results were statistically analyzed and the differences in parameters between the two groups were compared. Results. Statistically significant differences were established in total body mass, amount of fat-free mass and muscle mass, body mass index, as well as in the relative metabolic indices between two groups of subjects. Conclusion. The percentage of fat-free body mass has the greatest impact on the resting metabolic rate. The rate of metabolic activity of this body compartment is higher in athletes engaged in aerobic than in athletes engaged in anaerobic type of training.

Effect of celery (Apium graveolens) extract on the growth, haematology, immune response and digestive enzyme activity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

In this study, the effect of a dietary supplementation of Apium graveolens on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and immune response of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were evaluated. C. carpio, with an average weight at the beginning of the experiment of 6.5 ± 0.07 g, were supplemented with a celery (Apium graveolens) aqueous methanolic extract at a dose of 0% (control), 0.1%, 0.5% or 1% over 45 days. Every 15 days, respiratory burst, lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activity were measured, and at the end of the study, haematological responses, growth performance and digestive enzyme activity were investigated. Respiratory burst and myeloperoxidase activity was significantly improved in all treated groups compared with the control group (P ˂ 0.05). Lysozyme activity was highest in the 0.1% and 1% extract groups. At the end of the study, the final weight (FW), weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were significantly increased in the 0.1% group compared with the other groups. The feed concentration ratio was decreased in the 0.1% and 1% groups compared with the control (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Haematological parameters were affected by A. graveolens extract intake (P ˂ 0.05). The total white and red blood counts, haemoglobin content and haematocrit value were highest in the 0.1% extract group (P ˂ 0.05). However, the mean cell volume and mean cell haemoglobin concentration were decreased in the 0.5% group (P ˂ 0.05). Digestive enzyme activity (trypsin, amylase and lipase) in all experimental groups was significantly elevated compared with the control (P ˂ 0.05). These results indicated an immunostimulatory and growth-promoting effect and increasing digestive enzyme activity of C. carpio supplemented with an A. graveolens aqueous methanolic extract.

Effect of splinting on the accuracy of impressions of multiple straight implants in full arch rehabilitation: An in vitro-study

Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the effect of different splinting techniques(with and without sectioning of the splinting material) on the accuracy of impressions of multiplestraight implants in full arch rehabilitation cases.Materials and methods: A maxillary resin printed study model with five straight fixtures wasused as the master model. Open tray impression technique was done for all groups. Three groupswere defined according to splinting of the impression copings: Group A: Impression copings weresplinted to each other using autopolymerizing acrylic resin. Group B: Impression copings weresplinted to each other using autopolymerizing acrylic resin which was sectioned with a 0.3 mmthickness disc and reconnected with a second mix of resin. Group C: Impression copings were notsplinted to each other. For each group, five different impressions were prepared. The impressionswere poured to create the casts that were digitally scanned. The accuracy of the positions andangulations of the implants was evaluated using a computer-graphics coordinate measurementsystem.Results: Group A showed higher angular deviation compared to group B and group C. One wayANOVA showed statistically significant difference between the studied groups, P value was <0.001.However, Tukey post hock test showed statistically significant difference between group A and theother groups and no statistically significant difference between group B and group C. On the otherhand, regarding linear deviation one way ANOVA showed no statistically significant differencebetween the studied groups.Conclusion: Both split acrylic‑splinted and non-splinted implant impression techniques yieldmore accurate master casts regarding angular deviation compared to splinted impression techniquewithout splitting.

THE DIFFERENCE INTEGRATED NEUROMUSCULAR INHIBITION TECHNIQUE WITH DEEP TISSUE MASSAGE AND CONTRACT-RELAX STRETCHING TO IMPROVE RANGE OF MOTION CERVICAL JOINT IN MYOFASCIAL PAIN SYNDROME UPPER TRAPEZIUS MUSCLE AT SMA NEGERI 1 SEMARAPURA

ABSTRACTMyofascial pain syndrome is a collection of sensory, motor, and autonomic symptoms that cause local andreffered pain, limited range of motion and weakness of the affected muscles. The limitations range of motion will beannoying than the daily activities. Interventions that can improve range of motion of cervikal are IntegratedNeuromuscular Inhibition Technique, Deep Tissue Massage and Contract-Relax Stretching. The results show GroupNeuromuscular Inhibition Technique with Wilcoxan Sign Rank Test obtained a mean difference of 13.7 with p = 0.000,while the test results Hypothesis Group Contract-Relax Stretching with Paired Sample T-test showed a mean differenceof 12.1 with p = 0.000. Test the difference between Mann Whitney U-test showed no significant difference between theother group are obtained p = 0.420. These results indicate that there is no difference in increasing range of motion inboth groups.Keywords: Range of motion of cervical, Upper Trapezius Muscle,Myofascial Pain Syndrome, IntegratedNeuromuscular Inhibition Technique, Deep Tissue Massage, Contract-relax Stretching, Goniometer

Changes in Pinealocytes type I and II of Adult Albino Rat Exposed to Different Wavelengths of Light or Confined to Constant Darkness: A Morphological and Electron Microscopic Study

Introduction: the pineal gland is a neuro-endocrine gland that secretes melatonin hormone whichregulates the circadian rhythm, psychiatric disorder and age changes resulting from exposure to differentlight wavelengths or darkness. Intensity, duration and wavelength of light control the activity of pinealgland.Aim of work: the purpose of this study was to monitor the morphological and electron microscopicchanges in the pinealocytes type I and II of albino rats exposed to either constant (24hrs/day) red light(long wavelength) or blue light (short wavelength) as well as confined to constant darkness as comparedto control group subjected to normal diurnal conditions.Material and methods: forty adult male albino rats were divided into four subgroups. Group I (GI):the rats were kept under normal diurnal conditions, group II (GII): the rats were confined to constantdarkness, group III (GIII): the rats were exposed to constant red light (long wavelength; 670nm) andgroup IV (GIV): the rats were subjected to constant blue light (short wavelength, 450nm); for four weekscontinuously.Results: morphological findings of pinealocytes type I (PI) were analyzed statistically and revealed anincrease in the nuclear number of PI in GII, decrease in the nuclear number of PI in GIV and nonsignificantdifference in nuclear number of PI in GIII as compared to the control group. In addition,rats of GIV reported a statistically significant increase in the amount of collagen fibers between looselypacked parenchymal cells. Electron microscopic results of the cytoplasm of PI in GII showed abundantcell organelles such as mitochondria, numerous ribosomes and multiple lipid droplets together withwell-developed Golgi bodies, scarce dense core vesicles (DCV), few cisternae of smooth endoplasmicreticulum (SER) and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). GIII demonstrated similar results to that ofGI. On the other hand, GIV showed scarce cytoplasmic organelles such as few mitochondria; mostlydistended with disturbed cristae, scattered lipid droplets with abundant DVC and numerous cisternaeof SER. Ultrastructurally, PI nuclei of GII exhibited infolded nuclear envelope with heterochromatickaryoplasm and prominent nucleoli while GIV revealed reduction of the nuclear chromatin with ruptureof nuclear envelope at certain sites. However, GIII nuclei demonstrated results similar to that of GI. Noobservable changes were detected by light and electron microscopy of PII in the different experimentalgroups apart from the presence of statistically significant increase in the nuclear number of PII in GII.Moreover, the PII cytoplasm showed scarce mitochondria in GI, II and RER in GIV. The glial cellsdemonstrated statistically significant increase in GIV but non-significant differences were noticed in theother groups as compared to GI.Conclusion: it could be concluded that the morphological and electron microscopic changes ofpinealocyte type I indicate decrease in the activity of pinealocytes type I on exposure to constant shortwavelength blue light and increase in the activity of PI confined to constant darkness. While the exposureto constant long wavelength red light demonstrates results similar to the control group. There were nochanges in the structure of pinealocytes type II in the different experimental groups, exposed to differentlight wavelengths or confined to darkness.

Effects of creativity on aesthetic experience7

It is often neglected that the experience of artwork is a creative act, and one which requires the audience to be creative. This exploratory study aimed to examine whether creative activity and measures of pe rson`s creativity are correlated with the aesthetic experience of paintings. Eighty-two participants rated 21 paintings, including 7 figural traditional paintings, 7 semi-abstract works, and 7 abstract works. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups. One group first created collages and then rated the paintings on five aesthetic preference scales, while the other group first rated the paintings and then created collages. Multilevel regression analysis with two crossed random effects (participants and paintings) was used. Results showed that performing a creative activity prior to rating artwork positively influenced ratings of artwork creativity. In addition, collage creativity was positively correlated with ratings of (semi)abstract paintings as beautiful. It is hypothesized that people become more open to new, unusual experiences, are more flexible and act more freely in their decisions when performing a creative activity, which reflects positively on stronger preferences of paintings.

Can Releasing Racehorses to Paddocks be Beneficial? Heart Rate Analysis – Preliminary Study

Abstract The aim of the study was to assess the effect of allowing racehorses to use paddocks, on the heart rate (HR). HR was used as a measure of horses’ psychosomatic response to environment effect. The study involved 90 Purebred Arabian horses divided into three groups of equal numbers of stallions and mares. The control group (C) was trained at the racetrack. The other two groups were trained in an off-the-racetrack centre and therefore, they were regularly transported to the races. One of those groups (T) was maintained in the same manner as horses at the racetrack, without access to paddocks. Horses from the other group (TP) were additionally released into a paddock every day. Each horse was examined within five three-week measuring periods, during one training season. HR was registered at rest, during saddling, and while walking with a rider. A multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA, GLM) was used to compare HR. The significance of differences between means was determined using Tukey’s test. HR registered from 2nd to 5th measuring periods during saddling and walking was generally lower in TP than in C. For example, in stallions during saddling, HR amounted to: 54.4±14.7 vs 65.3±12.1, 53.2±13.5 vs 64.4±13.1, 55.4±12.2 vs 65.0±11.0 and 53.4±14.0 vs 66.5±13.8 beats/min, respectively. In T stallions and mares, HR tended to increase when the transportation began which was particularly pronounced at rest. The study revealed that the possibility of turnout into paddocks reduced HR in racehorses, in comparison to horses trained at racetrack. Training for horse racing in an off-the-racetrack centre with the use of paddocks was assessed as beneficial, provided the horses were used to being transported.

Effect of life style (exercise and nutrition) on occurrence of breast cancer in women: A retrospective study in Babylon governorate

Objective To identify the effect of exercise and nutrition on breast cancer occurrence and to find the relationship between life style and somedemographic and reproductive variables.Methods A retrospective study (case control study) of a purposive sample of 400 women; 200 women diagnosed with breast cancer visitedthe Merjan Teaching Hospital Oncology Cancer Center in Babylon Governorate as a study group and 200 women free of breast cancer as acontrol group. An assessment tool was constructed for the purpose of the study. It comprised of socio-demographic data, reproductivedata, information related to breast cancer (stage, side, period, family history) and information related to their life style: exercise (5 items) andnutrition (14 items) of 10 years previous breast cancer occurrence, physical measurements for measuring obesity and overweight (BMI) aswell as medical records to explain in the stage of breast cancer and other details which may be assisting this study Data were collected from4 May 2013 to 4 July 2013. Analysis of data was performed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistical data analysisapproach.Results The study demonstrates that the highest percentage (39.5%) of study sample was in age group 50–54 years in comparison with theother age groups for both the study and control groups. There was a high significant difference at P &lt; 0.01 between the life aspects(exercise and nutrition) and breast cancer in women while no relationship between life aspects and demographical and reproductivevariables except with interval between pregnancies and duration of contraception of study group was noted.Conclusion Establishing an activation media and Ministry of Health role for guiding women and their families about the importance ofexercise and healthy nutrition which contributes to reducing the incidence of breast cancer occurrence and the importance of earlydetection of breast cancer.

Combined Effects of Blood Pressure and Aldosterone on Cardiac Left Ventricular Mass Index—Ethnic Differences between Kazakh, Uygur and Han Subjects

Previous Background: Hemodynamic factors, like blood pressure, have been established to be major determinants of cardiac left ventricular structure. However, several factors other than blood pressure to influence cardiac mass have been implicated. When we did medical survey, cardiac left ventricular mass index (LVMI) of one ethnic group that had higher blood pressure was found to be smaller than that of the other ethnic groups with a lower blood pressure. Such contradicted data from the present study were analyzed combining blood pressure, LVMI and chemical parameters obtained from blood and urine. Methods: In a medical survey conducted in Xinjiang, China, 279 people (65 - 70 years old) from three ethnic groups (Kazakh, Uygur and Han) from two separated regions provided blood and urine samples and underwent echocardiography and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Results: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure obtained from ABPM and urinary sodium excretion values were significantly higher in Kazakh than that in Uygur and Han. However, LVMI in Kazakh was lower than that in other 2 groups. Plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and plasma renin activity (PRA) were significantly lowest in Kazakh. The values of LVMI in all ethnic groups were positively related to both blood pressure and PAC. An inverse correlation was identified between PAC and urinary sodium excretion value. Conclusion: Although higher blood pressure in Kazakh subjects, their LVMI was lower than those of Uygur and Han, whose blood pressure was lower than that in Kazakh. These results suggest that blood pressure is not always a determinant for LVMI value. There is a possibility that relatively lower PAC resulted from higher sodium intake suppressed the rise in LVMI caused by higher blood pressure in Kazakh.