Theory Of Public Participation Research Articles

Indigenous People Participation As A Representation of the Inclusive Development in the New Capital City of Indonesia

The governments of Indonesia will relocate the capital city in Borneo Island which is called Nusantara Capital City in 2024. This government agenda was designed due to massive ecological and social problems which made Jakarta cannot be a central administration of Indonesia. Nevertheless, multitudinous indigenous people live in the sphere of the proposed region. As a consequence, the authorities of Indonesia should accommodate their participation in order to construct an inclusive capital city which can be lived appropriately. Based on the earlier situation, this research was designed to investigate indigenous people participation as a representation of an inclusive city in Nusantara. Qualitative descriptive method was used to expose comprehensive understanding about local communities' participation to construct an inclusive city in Nusantara. Researcher used Public Participation Theory as the grand analysis. In addition, essential data to strengthen this study was collected by doing several methods such as interview, observation, and literature study. The result of this research explains that the authorities of Indonesia should optimize indigenous people participation. The optimization of local participation can be implemented by constructing a suitable platform which can accommodate their participation electronically. Moreover, massive socialization should be applied as a way to promulgate local communities participation during the governance agendas in the Nusantara Capital City.

RESPONSIBILITIES AND ROLES OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF CHILD FRIENDLY CITY

More than 20 years have passed since the launch of the Child Friendly Cities Initiative. However, relevant practices in China are still insufficient and laggard. This article concludes two reasons: 1) children participation in the design process is far insufficient and results in the failure of the expression of core users’ demands; and 2) landscape architects less think of the holism of such children spaces at a city scale with considerations on city’s cultural identity and societal backdrops, and also ignore the influence of such places on children’s development. With these problems in mind, this article proposes that landscape architects can draw inspiration from the Ecological Systems Theory and Public Participation Theory, actively expanding their responsibilities in the establishment of Child Friendly City. Following that, three international case studies, namely Growing Up Boulder Initiative, Play and Informal Recreation Strategy of London, and Green Schoolyard America, are introduced to demonstrate that landscape architects should not just design proposals, but act as coordinators among different parties and leaders of innovative urban space renovation. As the integrator of the urban spatial framework, landscape architects should go beyond the design of individual playgrounds and focus on improving community environment and the spatial pattern of the whole city, in order to protect child rights and to realize integration and improvement of urban spaces.

Public Participation Procedure in Integrated Transport and Green Infrastructure Planning

The dialogue among the decision makers and stakeholders is a crucial part of any decision-making processes, particularly in case of integrated transportation planning and planning of green infrastructure where a multitude of actors is present. Although the theory of public participation is well-developed after several decades of research, there is still a lack of practical guidelines due to the specificity of public participation challenges. The paper presents a model of public participation for integrated transport and green infrastructure planning for international project TRANSGREEN covering the area of five European countries – Slovakia, Czech Republic, Austria, Hungary and Romania. The challenge of the project is to coordinate the efforts of public actors and NGOs in international environment in oftentimes precarious projects of transport infrastructure building and developing of green infrastructure. The project aims at developing and environmentally-friendly and safe international transport network. The proposed public participation procedure consists of five main steps – spread of information (passive), collection of information (consultation), intermediate discussion, engagement and partnership (empowerment). The initial spread of information is a process of communicating with the stakeholders, informing and educating them and it is based on their willingness to be informed. The methods used in this stage are public displays, newsletters or press releases. The second step of consultation is based on transacting the opinions of stakeholders to the decision makers. Pools, surveys, public hearings or written responses are examples of the multitude of ways to achieve this objective and the main principle of openness of stakeholders. The third step is intermediate discussion where all sides of are invited to a dialogue using the tools such as public meetings, workshops or urban walks. The fourth step is an engagement based on humble negotiation, arbitration and mediation. The collaborative skill needed here is dealing with conflicts. The final step in the procedure is partnership and empowerment employing methods as multi-actor decision making, voting or referenda. The leading principle is cooperation. In this ultimate step, the stakeholders are becoming decision makers themselves and the success factor here is continuous evaluation.

Chinese Environmental Law: Effects of Academic Theory Viewed Through Three Decades of Implementing the Rule of Law

Three decades have passed since the enactment in 1979 of the first piece of environmental protection legislation in China, entitled “The Trial Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China”. In that time, august development of various academic theories concerning environmental protection has guided legal practice. These include the Theory of Environmental Rights, the Theory of Public Participation in Environmental Protection, the Scheme of Compensation for Environmental Harm, and the Theory of Ecological Damages. Together, these have played a significant role in the development of environmental protection in China across the legislative, judicial and law-enforcement planes. Taking as a starting point the ‘Five-Year Plan’, this article introduces first the establishment and development of the Rule of law as it to the environment (hereinafter ‘environmental rule of law’, or ERL). This is done to enable a better understanding of topical issues, both theoretically and practically. Then, a brief survey will be undertaken of the above-mentioned theories attempting to trace their development. Finally, the author presents their conclusions.

Voices, Geography, and Technical Complexity: Exploring Project Contexts and Public Participation Goals

Extant scholarship of public participation theory has reflected a continued need to examine the preconditions that affect public managers' decisions in implementing public participation activities. This article explores the relationship between distinct contextual attributes and public managers' expressed goals for public participation. This study illustrates that project contextual characteristics do matter in how public managers articulate their goals for public participation. Specifically, the findings reflect that the volume of stakeholder voices, geographic scope and technical complexity of a project contribute to how public managers articulate their goals for public participation.

Local Budgeting and Public Participation

This paper examines the political, economic, and institutional variables associated with the presence of state laws that mandate the use of public input in local budgeting. The results show that political and institutional variables can help explain the presence of such laws, but the relationships between variables of interest shift depending on whether laws aimed at cities or counties are the focal point and on which types of public input methods are under consideration. The implications for both theories of public participation in budgeting and intergovernmental relations are discussed within.

Public reaction to large-scale projects in Chinese heritage sites and its impact on decision-making: research framework, technological path and prospects

Public reaction is a direct reflection of public participation, and its rules for behaviour not only influence the utilisation of resources in heritage sites but also play an important role in the theory of public participation, democratic progress of society, and policy change. Based on technological and model methods, this paper proposes a design and prospect on the research framework and technological path of impacts on decision-making by public reaction under the background of large-scale projects in Chinese heritage sites. This framework will promote research in this field; provide new decision-making basis for an equilibrating mechanism among government, developers and public interests during the development of resources in heritage sites; and facilitate the decision-making process of resource development in heritage sites to transform from the viewpoint of a single interests party to an integrated decision-making model for a harmonised social development on the basis of stakeholders.

Citizens’ Intermunicipal Political Orientations: Evidence from Swedish City-regions

Theories of public participation, such as the civic voluntarism model, typically assume that local participation takes place in the community where one resides. However, with an increasingly mobile population, this can no longer be taken for granted. Using survey data, this study analyses citizens’ intermunicipal political orientations in urban and suburban municipalities in seven Swedish city-regions. The civic voluntarism model turns out to be only partially applicable. In addition, it appears that having links across the urban—suburb divide—that is, working in a large urban region but dwelling in the suburbs rather than in the city—enhances one’s intermunicipal political orientation. The findings have practical implications that point to the need to reconsider how urban democracy is organised.

Commuting and Citizen Participation in Swedish City-Regions

Commuting has become an increasingly important feature of modern life. Theories of public participation, such as the civic voluntarism model, claim that commuting is likely to reduce the time available for political activism. Based on data from an American context, Robert Putnam in Bowling Alone has concluded that this is exactly what happens. However, empirical studies based on European data on how commuting may affect political participation are rare. This article aims to address this question with regard to Swedish city-regions. Is there also a negative relationship between commuting and citizen participation in Sweden? The analysis is based on survey data for 7, 200 citizens from seven Swedish city-regions belonging to three different size categories. The relationship between commuting and several different forms of public participation is investigated, controlling for the variables suggested by the civic voluntarism model. The analysis indicates that there are no signs of a negative relationship and some aspects of participation are actually positively linked to commuting. These findings suggest that the civic voluntarism model needs to be revised, at least in a European context. The article ends with a discussion about how differences between Sweden and the US can be accounted for and what the more general consequences for democracy may be.

The craft and theory of public participation: a dialectical process

This article proposes the craft-theory dialectic as a novel way to conceptualize advancement in the field of public participation. In this perspective, the field is characterized by a rich base of experiential knowledge and a scattered, but growing literature on theory. The chief challenge is to coordinate these two ways of knowing in an iterative, integrative fashion that enables practice to learn from theory and theory to learn from practice. Promoting the development of the craft-theory dialectic should be a central focus for the field. Toward this end this article identifies several key research topics that need attention, explicates these with vignettes from the literature, and discusses the challenges associated with addressing them.

Collaborative learning: Improving public deliberation in ecosystem-based management

Collaborative learning is an innovation in public participation theory and practice. It is designed to address the complexity and controversy inherent in public land management by combining elements of systems methods and mediation/dispute management. Collaborative learning activities put more emphasis on experiential learning theory, systemic improvement, and constructive discourse than do typical public participation programs. Collaborative learning was used in a series of public meetings held as part of the Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area land management planning process. The final plan incorporated several ideas that emerged from the process, and a follow-up survey of participants found favorable impressions of the collaborative learning framework.