Theory Of Psychological Well-being Research Articles

Influence of Principals’ Counselling Strategies on the Psychological Well-Being of Orphaned Students in Public Secondary Schools in Makueni County, Kenya

Adopting counselling strategies such as peer, group, life skills and mentorship programmes has enabled secondary schools to reduce effects of low self-esteem, low self-confidence and low self-efficacy among orphaned and vulnerable. However, most orphaned children typically do not have access to counselling services and mentoring programs which might help them cope with their circumstances and keep their focus on their studies. This lack of support systems may make it more difficult for them to overcome the obstacles they face. This study sought to establish the influence of principals’ counselling strategies on the psychological well-being of orphaned students in public secondary schools in Makueni County. Founded on the theory of psychological well-being, the study employed a descriptive correlational research design. The study targeted 1,979 respondents, including principals, teacher-counselors, and orphaned students from 393 public secondary schools. The sample size was 333 respondents selected through stratified and purposive sampling techniques. Data collection involved questionnaires for teacher-counselors and structured interviews for principals and students. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, particularly Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation, facilitated by SPSS. Qualitative data underwent thematic analysis, providing narrative insights. Ethical considerations, including informed consent and data confidentiality, were rigorously followed. The findings show that there is a significant relationship between counselling strategies and the psychological well-being of orphaned students. The study found that the presence of counselling sessions in schools, dedicated counselling centres, and competent peer counsellors plays a pivotal role in positively influencing the psychological well-being of orphaned students. The study recommends that principals should prioritize the availability of counselling services within schools and ensure that teacher-counsellors are well-equipped through capacity building to provide guidance and support to students, especially orphaned ones. Furthermore, the government, through the Ministry of Education, should develop and implement policies that specifically address the psychological well-being of orphaned students within the education system by ensuring the availability of counselling services and mentorship programs.

Healthy Minds Index: A brief measure of the core dimensions of well-being.

We developed a self-report measure of psychological well-being for teens and adults, the Healthy Minds Index, based on a novel theory that four trainable pillars underlie well-being: awareness, connection, insight, and purpose. Ninety-seven items were developed and revised by experts and guided by qualitative testing with teens (n = 32; average age = 16.0 years). After assessing the internal validity and factor structure in teens (n = 1607; average age = 16.7 years) and adults (n = 420; average age = 45.6 years), we reduced the survey to 17 items. We then validated the factor structure, internal and convergent and divergent validity, and retest reliability of the 17-item Healthy Minds Index in two new teen samples (study 1: n = 1492, average age = 15.7 years; study 2: n = 295, average age = 16.1 years), and one adult sample (n = 285; average age = 45.3 years). The Healthy Minds Index demonstrated adequate validity and provided a comprehensive measure of a novel theory of psychological well-being that includes two domains not found in other conceptualizations of this construct-awareness and insight. This measure will be invaluable for primary research on well-being and as a translational tool to assess the impact and efficacy of widely used behavioral training programs on these core dimensions of wellbeing.

ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN OLDER ADULTS POST DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL

Abstract Previous research has investigated challenges such as scarcity in housing, the loss of life, and the onset of mental health disorders such as PTSD that persist once a person has experienced a man-made disaster. This has been analyzed in populations such as older adults and other vulnerable groups of people. However, little to no consideration has been given to how age, in combination with trauma history, relates to indicators of psychological well-being after disasters. Here, using Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (SST) (Carstensen, 2006) and the Strength of Vulnerability Integration Model (SAVI) (Charles, 2013) we investigated age differences in two indicators of psychological well-being—depression and anxiety—among individuals following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (DHOS). Specifically, trauma history and personal exposure to the DHOS were tested as potential moderators of age differences in psychological well-being. Residents of the US Gulf Coast region (N=2,508, M age= 57.72 yrs; 60.4% Women) were contacted via telephone and asked to complete the Survey of Trauma, Resilience, and Opportunity among Neighborhoods in the Gulf (STRONG). Regression analyses were used to investigate the roles of age, prior trauma, and DHOS exposure on psychological well-being after controlling for income, education, race, and gender. Implications of the findings for disaster preparedness interventions and theories of psychological well-being across the life span are discussed.

Региональная специфика пcихологического благополучия студентов выпускных курсов факультета психологии

The relevance of studying the specifics of the psychological well-being among psychology students is due to the need to prevent their professional burnout and improve the image of the psychology profession. The purpose of the study was to identify differences in the general level and specific indicators of psychological well-being and happiness of final-year students of the psychology department of the capital and regional universities. Ryff's theory of psychological well-being, the provisions of cognitive, positive and personality-oriented approaches were used; in addition to Ryff's multidimensional model of psychological well-being, the M.W. Fordyce scale of happiness and the S. Lyubomirsky & N. Lepper scale of subjective happiness were used. The sample consisted of 200 full-time graduate students from the Faculty of Psychology at two regional universities and a Moscow university. It was shown that the groups differ significantly in eight parameters of psychological well-being and happiness: life goals; self-acceptance; competence; general level of psychological well-being; degree of happiness; time “on the rise”; time of feeling unhappy; level of subjective happiness. The paper concludes that psychology students from a capital university are significantly happier than their peers from regional universities. Methods of autopsychocorrection of negative cognitions are proposed to improve psychological well-being of students. The practical significance lies in the possibilities of using the obtained results to improve course programs as part of the curriculum of the main professional educational program (Psychology), training courses and educational work with students.

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Purpose: The aim of this study to examine the relationship between different leadership styles (transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire) and the psychological wellbeing of women entrepreneurs, considering the potential moderating effects of demographic factors. Theoretical framework: The study is grounded in the Full Range Leadership Theory and the theory of psychological wellbeing, with the aim of understanding how different leadership styles may impact the psychological wellbeing of women entrepreneurs. Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional survey design was employed, utilizing a purposive sample of 328 women entrepreneurs in India. Data were collected using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Multiple regression and moderation analyses were conducted to investigate the relationships between leadership styles, psychological wellbeing, and demographic factors. Results: The results indicated that transformational leadership was positively and significantly associated with psychological wellbeing (p < .001), while transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles were negatively and significantly associated with psychological wellbeing (p = .021 and p < .001, respectively). The overall regression model explained 25% of the variance in psychological wellbeing (F(3, 324) = 35.69, p < .001). No significant moderating effects of demographic factors (age, education level, years of experience, and business size) on the relationship between transformational leadership and psychological wellbeing were found (all p > .05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that transformational leadership is beneficial for the psychological wellbeing of women entrepreneurs, whereas transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles may have detrimental effects. The relationship between leadership styles and psychological wellbeing is consistent across different demographic factors, indicating the generalizability of the results. Research, Practical & Social implications: This study has several managerial implications, emphasizing the importance of transformational leadership in promoting psychological wellbeing among women entrepreneurs. Managers and organizations should invest in leadership development, create a supportive organizational culture, and prioritize employee wellbeing, performance management, talent retention, and diversity and inclusion initiatives to foster a conducive environment for women entrepreneurs to thrive. Originality/value: This study addresses a gap in the literature by examining the influence of leadership styles on the psychological wellbeing of women entrepreneurs and exploring potential moderating factors, providing novel insights into the factors that contribute to their success and wellbeing.

Influence of Leadership Styles of Women Entrepreneurs on their Psychological Wellbeing

Purpose: The aim of this study to examine the relationship between different leadership styles (transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire) and the psychological wellbeing of women entrepreneurs, considering the potential moderating effects of demographic factors.
 
 Theoretical framework: The study is grounded in the Full Range Leadership Theory and the theory of psychological wellbeing, with the aim of understanding how different leadership styles may impact the psychological wellbeing of women entrepreneurs.
 
 Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional survey design was employed, utilizing a purposive sample of 328 women entrepreneurs in India. Data were collected using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Multiple regression and moderation analyses were conducted to investigate the relationships between leadership styles, psychological wellbeing, and demographic factors.
 
 Results: The results indicated that transformational leadership was positively and significantly associated with psychological wellbeing (p < .001), while transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles were negatively and significantly associated with psychological wellbeing (p = .021 and p < .001, respectively). The overall regression model explained 25% of the variance in psychological wellbeing (F(3, 324) = 35.69, p < .001). No significant moderating effects of demographic factors (age, education level, years of experience, and business size) on the relationship between transformational leadership and psychological wellbeing were found (all p > .05).
 
 Conclusion: The findings suggest that transformational leadership is beneficial for the psychological wellbeing of women entrepreneurs, whereas transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles may have detrimental effects. The relationship between leadership styles and psychological wellbeing is consistent across different demographic factors, indicating the generalizability of the results.
 
 Research, Practical & Social implications: This study has several managerial implications, emphasizing the importance of transformational leadership in promoting psychological wellbeing among women entrepreneurs. Managers and organizations should invest in leadership development, create a supportive organizational culture, and prioritize employee wellbeing, performance management, talent retention, and diversity and inclusion initiatives to foster a conducive environment for women entrepreneurs to thrive.
 
 Originality/value: This study addresses a gap in the literature by examining the influence of leadership styles on the psychological wellbeing of women entrepreneurs and exploring potential moderating factors, providing novel insights into the factors that contribute to their success and wellbeing.

Relationships between social support, dark triad and life satisfaction in honorary blood donors. The mediating role of emotional support

Background
 The psychological interest in the group of blood donors, in the perspective of worldwide research, is a valuable source of knowledge about variables that may help to attract new blood donors or to maintain the regularity of donations. So far, Polish research in this group has only investigated the state of knowledge about blood donation and has not studied specific psychological predispositions.
 The aim
 The aim of the presented study was to examine the relationship between the dark triad, social support and life satisfaction in a group of polish voluntary blood donors.
 Material and methods
 In order to measure variables of interest, the SD3 scale, the Social Support Scale, and the SWLS were used. The study included a group of 111 voluntary blood donors from different cities in Poland.
 Results
 The conducted analyses showed positive and significant relationships between social support (informational, material, emotional, and valuational), narcissism, and life satisfaction. Furthermore, linear regression analysis showed that social support and the dark triad explain life satisfaction in the study group by 30%. Mediation analysis showed that emotional support enhances the relationship of narcissism and life satisfaction.
 Conclusions
 The associations of narcissism, social support and life satisfaction can be explained through Caroll Ryff's theory of psychological well-being, according to which both subclinical narcissism and received social support can be components of a positive assessment of a person's quality of life. The study may provide a baseline for further research in a group of voluntary blood donors - e.g. with an extension of narcissism to include its communal dimension.

Dinamika Psychological Well-Being pada Dewasa Dini Tunanetra yang Sudah Bekerja di Medan

The goal of this study is to delve deeper into the definition of psychological well-being in blind persons, as well as to examine the dynamics of psychological well-being in people with visual impairments who are currently working. This study employs qualitative methodologies in order to provide a thorough description of the findings. In-depth interviews and observations were utilized to collect data, which were based on Ryff's (1989) theory of psychological well-being, which included the categories of self-acceptance, positive connections with others, independence, environmental mastery, life objectives, and personal progress. Three blind people who were already working were the focus of this investigation. The three participants were found to have a high level of psychological well-being in this investigation. The three participants who have accepted themselves and made peace with their position, as well as the fulfillment of other elements of psychological well-being, demonstrate this. This condition may have arisen as a result of the three individuals' impaired vision since childhood, if not from birth. One of the reasons the subject comes to terms with his condition is because of his good relationships with others.

Psychological well-being and work in the dramatic arts

Objective: Examining the experiences of students of a theater company pertaining to the impact of work in the dramatic arts on their psychological well-being. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 students of a theater company of different ages and levels of experience. The collected qualitative data were analyzed in the context of the six-factor Theory of psychological well-being, which includes: self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and personal growth. In addition to the above topics derived from a deductive approach to data, two additional topics are also discussed: reasons for enrolling in the theater and participants’ progress. Results: The results of this research showed that acting contributes to the personal well-being of individuals. The participants most often mentioned an increase in self-confidence, a decrease in anxiety levels, a connection with other students, courage, and awareness of one’s own capabilities. In addition to the positive impact of acting on their lives, the participants also mentioned some negative aspects they had noticed when it comes to the behavior of others, such as a lack of accountability of some students, “pretending” in everyday life, and some prejudices regarding acting. Conclusion: The results of the research support the idea that working in the arts, in this case the dramatic arts, can contribute to the psychological well-being of individuals. Sharing their experiences of working in the dramatic arts, the students of a theater company touched on all six domains of psychological well-being pertaining to the Theory of psychological well-being (Ryff & Keyes, 1995).

The Importance of the Practice of Poetry in the Theory of Psychological Well-being With special Reference to Selected Poems by Finuala Dowling

The Importance of the Practice of Poetry in the Theory of Psychological Well-being With special Reference to Selected Poems by Finuala Dowling

Implications of spirituality and Islamic Shari’a law for workers’ well-being in luxury hotels: A eudaimonic view

This article explores the extent to which luxury hotels operating in Jordan (Dead Sea) follow Islamic Shari’a law and offer spiritual facilities, and it aims to understand how this obligation (or otherwise) may enhance or adversely affect employees’ psychological well-being (PWB). This article draws on Ryff’s theory of PWB and Stephenson’s model of Islamic-spiritual hotels. Eighteen managers who were working in five-star hotels participated in this study, which follows a qualitative-inductive method. The results show that five-star hotels operating in Jordan (Dead Sea) do not adhere to the Islamic guidelines with the exception of serving halal food and not allowing gambling machines. However, they offer spiritual facilities for workers, and these facilities enhance Ryff’s six dimensions of well-being for workers. The findings show that compliance with Islamic Shari’a law and the availability of spiritual facilities enhance workers’ PWB. The importance of this article lies in presenting a fresh understanding of the linkages between spirituality in the workplace and employees’ PWB.

Flow, Liminality, and Eudaimonia: Pagan Ritual Practice as a Gateway to a Life With Meaning

Paganism is a term applied to a number of nature religions based on traditional indigenous practices. Paganism is practiced through rituals designed to facilitate a flow state that allows practitioners to use magic to achieve their aims. Since the introduction of Wicca to mainstream society in the 1950s, many other Pagan traditions have developed. Similarly, the number of people identifying as Pagan has also increased; in 2011, the number of people identifying as Pagan in the U.K. census reached 80,153. Despite this growth, Paganism is a topic that is underresearched in Psychology. This article uses Ryff’s theory of psychological well-being as a frame-work through which to explore the ways in which Paganism may be particularly conducive to eudemonic well-being as a result of the flow experiences inherent in its practice. This theory posits six key dimensions of eudaimonia: personal growth, self-acceptance, positive relation with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, and purpose in life. The ways in which each of these dimensions is elicited through Paganism is elucidated.

PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS INFLUENCING PERSONAL AUTONOMY AS A FACTOR OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING

The article makes an attempt to determine the psychological factors contributing to development and formation of personal autonomy as it understood in the theory of psychological well-being. Different personal characteristics influence an individual’s personal autonomy depending on its level. The self-attitude characteristics are in line with personal autonomy; this means that the higher these characteristics are, the higher personal autonomy is. In other words, if an individual believes in his/her own strengths, abilities, energy, independence, in his/her ability to control own life and be self-consistent, self-understanding, if an individual think on him/herself as a confident, independent, strong-willed and reliable person who knows that he/she has something to be respected, he/she also regard him/herself as an autonomous person to the same degree. Low indicators of the Inner-Directed scale show that an individual tends to be dependent on people and situation. So, the desire to get rid of such tendency is the first step to real autonomy. The high levels of autonomy do not influenced by the Inner-Directed indicator, because the problem of dependence is already solved by highly autonomous person. Psychological hardiness, as an individual’s ability to overcome difficulties and turn a stressful situation into prospects for personal growth, can regarded as the base for autonomy development, but it cannot stipulate further development of personal autonomy at attainment of some level. The performed analysis show that the respondents with high autonomy show better understanding of their meanings of life, their life goal are clearer, they believe that are able to achieve life tasks and goals, which is uncharacteristic for the respondents with average and low personal autonomy. And namely this is a turning point to attain personal autonomy of the higher that average level. We can argue that existing life goals and awareness on own life path create a psychological superstructure allowing an individual to achieve high personal autonomy and experience full-fledged psychological well-being.

Nature beyond control: how expectations should inform decisions about human germline engineering.

In the ongoing discussion about the risks of reproductive human germline modification, scant attention has been paid to whether it could be reconciled with theories of psychological well-being. Even if safety and feasibility challenges could be overcome and germline engineering technology could be implemented in ways that avoid exacerbating social inequality, we would still have to question whether germline modification would promote circumstances that lead to better psychological experiences for parents, society, and the genetically edited person. This paper posits that germline engineering would produce expectations of being able to control the manifestation of an individual's characteristics, which will inevitably be upset by our limited understanding of how genes interact with each other and with the environment. Drawing on self-discrepancy and relative deprivation theories, it is suggested that both editing and being edited could lead to unmet expectations and thus negative emotional states that would offset benefits of successful intended genetic changes.

Personal autonomy as a key factor of human self-determination

The article presents the research on psychological factors of personal autonomy as a self-determination need and as a component of psychological well-being. The analysis was carried out in two directions: within in the theory of self-determination and within the theory of psychological well-being.
 The greatest influence on autonomy development as a self-determination need have such predictors as goals in life, challenge, self-efficacy, self-acceptance, self-assurance, locus of control-life, locus of control-Self. Predictors that positively affect autonomy as a component of psychological well-being are: self-acceptance, acceptance of aggression, self-confidence, creativity, control, self-esteem.
 The article determines that autonomy as a self-determination need is based not only on self-acceptance with all advantages and disadvantages, but also on existence of a goal in life and personal internal powers to achieve this goal. Autonomy, as it is understood in the theory of psychological well-being, is a necessary, but insufficient condition for self-determination. For formation and development of self-determination it is necessary to have a life purpose that gives meaningfulness to human life.

Psychological well-being, depression, and anxiety in Japanese university students

In order to further investigate the relationship of psychological well-being with depression and anxiety. Students from five universities were solicited to participate in this study and 545 students with a mean age of 20.1 (SD = 2.2) years were finally accessed to analysis. All six dimensions-autonomy (AU), environment mastery (EM), personal growth (PG), positive relationships with others (PR), purpose in life (PL), and self-acceptance (SA)-of the Scales of Psychological Well-being Inventory (SPWB) were moderately negatively correlated with depression and anxiety as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Furthermore, due to a good fit with the present data, the model of SPWB on depression and anxiety was consistent with the theory of psychological well-being and indicated that HADS depression was predicted by EM, PR, and SA, while HADS anxiety was predicted by AU, EM, PG, PR, and SA. SPWB is a reliable measure of well-being for Japanese young adults, and the negative affectivity such as depression and anxiety is to some extent determined by the lack of psychological well-being.

Do regulators of animal welfare need to develop a theory of psychological well-being?

The quest for a "theory of nonhuman minds" to assess claims about the moral status of animals is misguided. Misframed questions about animal minds facilitate the appropriation of animal welfare by the animal user industry. When misframed, these questions shift the burden of proof unreasonably to animal welfare regulators. An illustrative instance of misframing can be found in the US National Research Council's 1998 publication that reports professional efforts to define the psychological well-being of non-human primates, a condition that the US 1985 animal welfare act requires users of primates to promote. The report claims that "psychological well-being" is a hypothetical construct whose validity can only be determined by a theory that defines its properties and links it to observed data. This conception is used to contest common knowledge about animal welfare by treating psychological well-being as a mental condition whose properties are difficult to discover. This framework limits regulatory efforts to treat animal subjects less oppressively and serves the interests of the user industry.A more liberatory framework can be constructed by recognizing the contested nature of welfare norms, where competing conceptions of animal welfare have implications about norm-setting authority, as it does in other regulatory contexts, e.g., food safety,. Properly conceptualized welfare should include both the avoidance of distressful circumstances and the relationship between the animal's capacities to engage in enjoyable activities and its opportunities to exercise these capacities. This conception of animal welfare avoids appropriation by scientific experts. The development of the psychological well-being regulation is a good illustration of how social norms are contested and then appropriated, and a critique of this appropriation shows how it can be challenged.

Social Relations and the Self-Esteem of Older Persons

This study employs survey data from a sample of persons 55 years of age and older to examine the antecedents of self-esteem. Hypotheses are derived from a theoretical orientation that hinges on the ability of the individual to terminate relations that might be productive of negative reflected appraisals. Consistent with hypotheses, friendship interaction is positively related to self-esteem, whereas kinship interaction is not. Marital satisfaction also affects self-esteem positively; among men, this effect is stronger for the retired than for the employed. Finally, never-married and nonemployed older women have lower self-esteem than other women have. Implications are drawn regarding the importance and role of self-esteem in theories of psychological well-being among older persons.

On Values and Effectiveness: Notes Toward a Theory of Psychological Well‐Being

On Values and Effectiveness: Notes Toward a Theory of Psychological Well‐Being