Interaction Theory Research Articles

The nexus between multilingualism and criminality in West Africa through the lens of symbolic interactionism theory

The nexus between multilingualism and criminality in West Africa through the lens of symbolic interactionism theory

Navigating uncertainty and negotiating trust in judicial deliberations

Autonomy and independence are key features of legal decision-making. Yet, decision-making in court is fundamentally interactional and collective, both during the information gathering phase of hearings, and in evaluations during deliberations. Depending on legal system and type of court, deliberations can include different constellations of lay judges, jurors, or judge panels. In this article, we explore the collective dynamic of knowledge acquisition in legal decision-making, by analysing their emotional undercurrents. We show how judges balance uncertainty and certainty in legal deliberation, elaborating on (1) trust; (2) uncertainty exchange, and; (3) certainty as an agile emotion. Theoretically, the article combines an emotive-cognitive judicial framework, which understands emotion and reason as intersecting and continuous, with social interactionist theory. The analysis builds on extensive ethnographic fieldwork in Sweden, including shadowing and interviews with judges as well as observations during court proceedings and deliberations. The article actualizes the joint accomplishment of legal independence, and contributes with a nuanced account of how the decision-making process unfolds in legal deliberations.

The impact of multiplex relationships on households’ informal farmland transfer in rural China: A network perspective

Over the last three decades, farmland transfers in rural China have significantly increased. Despite this rise, informal farmland transfers within social networks continue to be common in many villages, underscoring the need for a more nuanced understanding of their determinants. Existing literature extensively explores the influence of social networks on farmland transfers, it often overlooks the distinction between formal and informal transactions and primarily focuses on binary relationships. Limited data availability and constraints in econometric methodology have impeded quantitative estimation of the impact of farmers’ interactions on informal farmland transfers at the local levels. To address this issue, we developed a framework that integrates embeddedness theory and social interaction theory to uncover the mechanism between multiplex relationship and informal farmland transfers from a network perspective. Using survey data collected from all 341 households in a village in central China, we constructed both relationship networks and informal farmland transfer network among peasant households. We then employed the logistic regression quadratic assignment procedure (LRQAP) to quantify the impact of multiplex relationships and network structures on informal farmland transfers. The results reveal a significant positive correlation between multiplex relationships and informal farmland transfer behaviors among peasant households. Specifically, households are more likely to engage in informal farmland transfer through relationships characterized by emotional connections and reciprocal exchanges, rather than through relationships based on cooperative support. Furthermore, our findings indicate that multiplex relationships influence informal farmland transfer behaviors through network structure effects, such as reciprocity and preferential attachment, rather than through transitivity. These results highlight the importance of leveraging multiplex relationships to facilitate and regulate informal farmland transfers amid rural decline and land use change.

Gauge Theory Bootstrap

We propose the gauge theory bootstrap, a method to compute the pion S matrix that describes the low-energy physics of the strong interaction and other similar gauge theories. The phase shifts of the S0, P1, and S2 waves obtained are in good agreement with experimental results. The only numerical inputs are the quark mass mq, the QCD scale ΛQCD, the pion mass mπ, and the pion decay constant fπ without any other experimental data. We make use of the form-factor bootstrap recently proposed by Karateev, Kuhn, and Penedones together with a finite energy version of the Shifman-Veinshtein-Zakharov sum rules. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Building a social identity theory of stigmatized sexual practice: Exploring BDSM practitioner identity formation within interviews from an Israeli sample

ABSTRACT Despite growing interest in the psychologies and social lives of those involved in BDSM, we know too little regarding BDSM identity formation. To address this, we integrate theories of group psychology and social interaction to explore BDSM identity formation and negotiation. Thematic analysis of 16 in-depth interviews with a convenience sample of Israeli BDSM practitioners, suggests three important aspects of BDSM personal and group identity development, including disclosure management, community discovery and involvement, and negotiating evolving personal identities within the group. Practitioners describe negotiating identity disclosure; successful, failed, or declined integration into BDSM communities; and negotiating shifting identities. BDSM practitioners must navigate whether and how personal identities fit with sexual norms within a larger societal context (e.g., Israel) and within BDSM communities, risking stigma when violating these standards. Yet, we find that, while groups constrain, they also provide support for those who challenge social constraints.

Behaviour of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-butyl-3-methylimdazolium thiocyanate and 1-butyl-1-methypyrrolidium chloride in dimethyl sulfoxide: Experimental, NCI and QTAIM analysis

The aim of this study is to examine the cation and anion influence on intermolecular interactions of mixtures comprising ionic liquids (ILs): 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [Bmim][Cl], 1-butyl-3-methylimdazolium thiocyanate [Bmim][SCN] and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidium chloride [Bmpym][Cl] with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at various temperatures. To understand the influence of cation and anion as well as temperature on interactions between the mixtures, thermodynamics parameters: apparent molar properties were calculated from the measured density (ρ) and sound velocity (u) data and fitted to the Redlich-Mayer type equation in order to obtained limiting apparent molar properties of the studied mixtures. A detailed non-covalent interaction (NCI) and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis was done using density functional theory calculations. These calculations provided information on the electrostatic interactions between the anion, cation, and solvent. The experimental and computational results show that there is hydrogen bonding and strong ionic interactions in the studied systems.

Consumers' green product purchase intention considering para-social interaction: An experimental study based on live-streaming e-commerce

Although live-streaming e-commerce plays an important role in promoting green consumption, there are still some obstacles to turning awareness into action. Consumers often weigh personal benefits against social benefits when making green purchasing decisions. Should streamers emphasize personal or social benefits when recommending green products? Which method of expression has better marketing effects? To address these questions, this study explores the impact of the interaction between green product message framing and benefit appeals on consumers' purchase intention and its internal mechanisms through two experiments and explores the moderating role of streamer traits based on para-social interaction theory. The results show that: (1) The interaction effects of green product message framing and benefit appeals impact consumers' green purchase intentions. (2) Green product utility perception and environmental self-responsibility mediate green product purchase intention. (3) Para-social interaction moderates the effects of green product message framing and benefit appeals on purchase intention. This research provides valuable insights for live-streaming e-commerce and related enterprises to optimize green marketing strategies and promote green consumption.

Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Gang Participation Among Youth in Mombasa County, Kenya: From the Perspective of Household Challenges

Purpose: Gang participation has become a universal phenomenon attracting increasing attention in both developed and developing countries. Previous research denotes strong evidence that early life adverse traumas and events heighten the risk of delinquent behaviour among young people. This study aimed to find out whether there is a relationship between household challenges and gang participation among youth gang members in Mombasa County. This study was guided by the Interactional Theory by Terrence Thornberry (1987). Methods: This study employed a correlational research design within the context of Ex-post facto research. The study population consisted of alleged, convicted, and reforming gang members in Mombasa. They were drawn from a database accessed by the Nyali District Peace Committee (DPC) which has 358 members aged between 15-31 years. Purposive, and snowball sampling techniques were used to gather data from the sample. Descriptive statistics namely, frequencies, percentages, and measures of central tendency were used. Inferential statistics namely the Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficient, linear, and regression was then employed to establish the relationship between household challenges and gang participation. Results: The findings revealed a strong positive correlation between gang participation and household challenges (r = 0.876, p < 0.01). Implication: The findings of this study will guide the formulation of programs and interventions for the rehabilitation and reintegration of these gang members. These can be of help to Civil Society Organizations, law enforcement agencies, and probation officers.

Form And Meaning of Javanese Woman’s Masculinity in Joko Anwar’s “Perempuan Tanah Jahanam” (2019)

This research aims to find out the form and meaning of Javanese women’s resistance of NyiMisni, a Javanese woman character in the film entitled “Perempuan Tanah Jahanam” (2019), and how her masculinity is reflected through the interaction between her and other characters in the film. The analysis is conducted in the context of patriarchal domination over Javanese women specifically, and Indonesian women in general. The main data is obtained from the dialog uttered by the main female character, NyiMisni, in Joko Anwar’s “Perempuan Tanah Jahanam” (2019) film. It is supported by secondary data from other articles that mentioned masculinity traits shown by Javanese female characters in other films. The method of collecting data used in this research is the observation method using an observation technique. The techniques conducted are watching the movie, note-taking all dialogues that contain masculinity features, and classifying the data based on the masculinity features shown by NyiMisni. The analysis is conducted using Bem’s Sex Role Inventory (1982) and the theory of symbolic interactionism by Smelser (2013. Furthermore, the speech act theory by Searle (1976) is used as the supporting theory. The findings discovered some forms and meanings of Javanese women’s resistance as the masculinity features shown by NyiMisni and how she interacts with other participants through her utterances. Female masculinity is featured in assertiveness, dominance, and aggression. Her utterance is directly conducted, yet the intention is indirect.

Development of a concept of combined project-production activities planning using digital twins

The object of the study is the project-production activity of project-oriented enterprises in the fields of mechanical engineering, aircraft construction, shipbuilding, instrumentation, and metallurgy. The problem addressed was the informational integration and synchronization of project management processes, implemented by a specific project-oriented enterprise, with the management of its production processes using digital twins. The solution to this problem is aimed at improving the efficiency of project-production management by utilizing digital twins of projects and production in the planning process. The influence of trends on the development of digital technologies was analysed. The need to consider both project and operational activities of enterprises in mechanical engineering, aircraft construction, shipbuilding, instrumentation, and metallurgy as a single project-production activity was identified. It was shown that this approach can be successful when processes and changes in project-production activity can be modelled, forming a rational plan for product release and project execution. The use of digital twins for objects and processes in project-production activities was proposed. The aim and objectives of the study were formulated, focusing on the creation of a concept for planning project-production activities using digital twins for objects and processes in both project and operational activities. The concept defines the structure of the digital environment for project-oriented production, a model of the interpenetration of project and production planning processes, an aggregated critical path method, and simulation modelling for planning project-production activities using digital twins. It was shown that to model project-production activities, models and methods for managing the interaction between the operational and project processes of the company must be applied. It was proposed to use the scientific and practical tools of information interaction theory to manage this interaction. The results of applying the concept in project-oriented companies were demonstrated. The use of tools created based on the proposed concept allowed a reduction in project execution time by 10–15 % and a decrease in production costs by 5–10 % due to effective planning of project-production processes The object of the study is the project-production activity of project-oriented enterprises in the fields of mechanical engineering, aircraft construction, shipbuilding, instrumentation, and metallurgy. The problem addressed was the informational integration and synchronization of project management processes, implemented by a specific project-oriented enterprise, with the management of its production processes using digital twins. The solution to this problem is aimed at improving the efficiency of project-production management by utilizing digital twins of projects and production in the planning process. The influence of trends on the development of digital technologies was analysed. The need to consider both project and operational activities of enterprises in mechanical engineering, aircraft construction, shipbuilding, instrumentation, and metallurgy as a single project-production activity was identified. It was shown that this approach can be successful when processes and changes in project-production activity can be modelled, forming a rational plan for product release and project execution. The use of digital twins for objects and processes in project-production activities was proposed. The aim and objectives of the study were formulated, focusing on the creation of a concept for planning project-production activities using digital twins for objects and processes in both project and operational activities. The concept defines the structure of the digital environment for project-oriented production, a model of the interpenetration of project and production planning processes, an aggregated critical path method, and simulation modelling for planning project-production activities using digital twins. It was shown that to model project-production activities, models and methods for managing the interaction between the operational and project processes of the company must be applied. It was proposed to use the scientific and practical tools of information interaction theory to manage this interaction. The results of applying the concept in project-oriented companies were demonstrated. The use of tools created based on the proposed concept allowed a reduction in project execution time by 10–15 % and a decrease in production costs by 5–10 % due to effective planning of project-production processes

Dimensional Interaction, Intimacy Building: Roles of Perceived Intimacy and Parasocial Effects on Fans Relations with Virtual Idols

Abstract: The appearance of virtual idols has introduced discussions about the connection with fans, even though their idols are always disembodied and fictitious. To some degree, the theory of parasocial interaction can have academic value in the virtual characters, extending beyond the impact on the real stars and fans. This study emphasizes particularly on exploring the role of intimacy in the parasocial relationship, which contains the perspective of fan psychology and youth subculture. By exerting structured interview, the survey collects records from 7 college students who are fans of popular virtual idols including A-SOUL, Luxiem, LASER, etc. The results provide insights into how fans perceive the presence of intimacy and what factors influence the levels of intimacy based on the behaviors of online media usage. Compared with the real idols and life, there are some findings showcasing characteristics of virtual idol-fan intimacy when fans have developed the parasocial interaction.

Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy: Technology and Applications: introduction to the feature issue

Welcome to the 2024 Feature Issue on Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy: Technology and Applications in Biomedical Optics Express! This feature issue provides an exemplary sample of established and emerging DOS technologies as well as their biomedical applications through 27 contributed research papers and 1 invited review article. DOS researchers are inherently multidisciplinary, advancing topics spanning the basic theory of light-tissue interactions, computational modeling, technique and system development and preclinical and clinical applications. You will find this full range of topics represented in this feature issue.

Monte‐Carlo Study on Temperature Effect on Scanning Electron Microscopy Contrast for One Spherical Nanoparticle in Multiframe Stacking Mode

Modern scanning electron imaging (SEM) has become an essential tool in various fields. In order to obtain high‐quality images with minimal vibration and drift, the multi‐frame stacking technique is commonly used. However, one aspect that has been overlooked in this process is the electron beam‐induced temperature effect. This study aims to explore the impact of the temperature effect on SEM contrast for a single spherical nanoparticle, specifically a gold nanosphere on a carbon substrate. Through Monte‐Carlo simulation, we investigated how the number of frames in multi‐frame stacking mode affects two types of electron signals: secondary electrons (SE) and backscattering electrons (BSE). Our findings revealed that the SEM contrast is indeed sensitive to the number of frames used in the stacking process. It is observed that the SE contrast decreases while the BSE contrast increases compared to cases without considering temperature effects. It is also found that when using the large primary electron beam energy, the impact of temperature effect was less significant. The electron‐solid interaction theory was utilized to systematically explain the underlying mechanism. This study not only sheds light on how temperature effects can influence SEM imaging but also provides valuable insights for optimizing image acquisition techniques.

Research on Online Games and Social Interaction

This paper delves into the central position of online games in contemporary society and their close relationship with social interaction. With the popularity of the Internet, online games have become one of the most important ways of leisure and social communication. The study outlines the development of MMOs, from their origins to their diverse classifications, and in particular how their unique social characteristics facilitate interactions between players. Through theoretical analysis combined with social exchange theory and symbolic interaction theory, this paper reveals the mechanisms of social interactions in MMOs, including inter-player exchanges, cooperation and competition, and explores how these interactions profoundly affect players' gaming experience and behavioural decisions. Further, this paper analyses the trend of convergence between online games and social networks, and how this convergence enhances the social attributes and player engagement of games. At the same time, the paper also focuses on the social problems that online games may bring, such as Internet addiction and social disorders, cyberbullying, etc., and looks forward to the impact of technological advances on future social interaction patterns. Finally, the paper summarises the potential and challenges faced by online games in promoting healthy social interactions, and puts forward suggestions for future research with a view to promoting the healthy development of the field of online games and social interactions.

Research on Ethnic Tourism Consumption Interaction Based on Symbol Interaction Theory

Research on Ethnic Tourism Consumption Interaction Based on Symbol Interaction Theory

Roles and Interaction of Supervisors and Students in Collective Academic Supervision: A Qualitative Study in China

Abstract Collective academic supervision (cas) is a form of student-supervisor interaction for academic learning. This paper is a qualitative case study using observation and interviews to explore the roles and interactions of supervisors and students in three cas groups in a university. Symbolic interaction theory was employed for data analysis, also taking into account the influence of the higher education context on the roles and interactions of participants. The research found that supervisors and students create various symbols through the discussion in cas. The symbols in question have exerted a substantial influence on the reciprocal relationship between supervisors and students, functioning as symbolic representations of the profound effects on students’ intellectual development and emotional energy.

Meson spectroscopy from spectral densities in lattice gauge theories

Spectral densities encode nonperturbative information that enters the calculation of a plethora of physical observables in strongly coupled field theories. Phenomenological applications encompass aspects of standard-model hadronic physics, observable at current colliders, as well as correlation functions characterizing new physics proposals, testable in future experiments. By making use of numerical data produced in a Sp(4) lattice gauge theory with matter transforming in an admixture of fundamental and 2-index antisymmetric representations of the gauge group, we perform a systematic study to demonstrate the effectiveness of recent technological progress in the reconstruction of spectral densities.To this purpose, we write and test new software packages that use energy-smeared spectral densities to analyze the mass spectrum of mesons. We assess the effectiveness of different smearing kernels and optimize the smearing parameters to the characteristics of available lattice ensembles. For concreteness, we analyze the Sp(4) lattice gauge theory with matter transforming in an admixture of fundamental and 2-index antisymmetric representations of the gauge group. We generate new ensembles for the theory in consideration, with lattices that have a longer extent in the time direction with respect to the spatial ones. We run our tests on these ensembles, obtaining new results about the spectrum of light mesons and their excitations. We make available our algorithm and software for the extraction of spectral densities, that can be applied to theories with other gauge groups, including the theory of strong interactions (QCD) governing hadronic physics in the standard model. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Expectancy Violations and Discontinuance Behavior in Live-Streaming Commerce: Exploring Human Interactions with Virtual Streamers.

Virtual streamers, as a typical application of AI-enabled digital humans, are increasingly being utilized in live-streaming commerce due to technological advancements and industry innovations. Although virtual streamers present several benefits, there is potential for adverse effects when they do not align with consumer expectations. Drawing upon expectancy violations theory, this study developed a theoretical model to explore whether and how consumers' expectation violations during human-virtual streamer interactions affect consumers' discontinuance behavior. Through an online questionnaire survey of 307 Chinese consumers with prior experience interacting with virtual streamers, this study used a partial least squares structural equation model to analyze the research model. The empirical results indicated that professionalism expectation violation, empathy expectation violation, and responsiveness expectation violation positively influenced consumers' distrust and dissatisfaction, which subsequently led to discontinuance behavior. This study contributes to the literature on live-streaming commerce, human-AI interaction, and expectancy violation theory. Furthermore, the findings offer valuable insights for practitioners in the field of live-streaming commerce by enabling them to formulate preventive or remedial strategies to mitigate potential negative outcomes when implementing virtual streamers.

Game Designers’ Experiences with Educational Game Design Elements: From Practice to Conception!

Educational game (EG) designing processes have adopted various processes and approaches over the last decades. While many articles report EG design elements that can potentially assist in effective EG design, not much research exists on whether game designers use/agree with those elements. In considering the aforementioned, the questions arise with game designers’ practices: how do they approach EG design elements in their process? Are there any core elements they include in their EG designing practices? Are there any other aspects that influence their EG designing process? Therefore, this paper reports on the above-addressed questions and how game designers and their experiences in designing EGs can present insightful gaming elements associated with EGs. Based in Australia, a phenomenological approach was adopted to conduct semi-structured interviews to gather the essence of their experiences. Seventeen game designer participants attended two-hour interview sessions. Interpretive thematic analysis was used to identify emerging themes until saturation was achieved (Braun and Clarke 2012). The analysis was concurrently grounded through the concepts of the theory of experience, including continuity, interaction, situation, freedom, and desire which drives the purpose to apply and contextualize the growth of experience (Dewey 1938). In conclusion, an “Essential” Educational Game Elements (EGEs) framework is proposed with design elements collating all relevant elements/factors, necessary theories, and mechanics suggested by game designers for consideration in the design process as they have practiced. Lastly, researchers in educational/serious games are encouraged to consider the application of the proposed framework in designing EGs to further expand its limitations.

The role of alcohol consumption in the lives of older Australian women: qualitative insights and an agenda for further research, policy and practice

BackgroundAlcohol consumption presents a threat to the health and wellbeing of women. The alcohol industry often pushes back at global efforts to prioritise the prevention of alcohol harms to women. Qualitative researchers have investigated how younger and midlife women conceptualise their alcohol consumption, but there is very limited research relating to older women (those 60 years and over).MethodsUsing data collected from an online qualitative survey, this paper explored the factors that influence how older Australian women drinkers (n = 144. 60–88 years) conceptualised the role of alcohol in their lives. The study used a ‘Big Q’ reflexive approach to thematic analysis, drawing upon sociological theories of risk and symbolic interactionism to construct four themes from the data.ResultsFirst, alcohol consumption was viewed by participants as an accepted and normalised social activity, that was part of Australian culture. Second, alcohol played a role for some participants as a way to cope with life changes (such as retirement), as well as managing stressful or challenging life circumstances (such as loneliness). Third, alcohol was part of the routines and rituals of everyday life for some women. For example, women discussed the consumption of wine with their evening meal as an important part of the structure of their day. Fourth, participants had clear personal expectancies about what it meant to be a ‘responsible drinker’. They had clear narratives about personal control and moral obligation, which in some cases created a reduced perception of their own risk of alcohol-caused harm.ConclusionsThis research provides a starting point for future public health research examining the factors that may shape older women’s alcohol consumption beliefs and practices. Public health activities should consider the unique needs and potential vulnerabilities of older women drinkers, and how these may be potentially exploited by the alcohol industry.