Theory Of Hegemonic Masculinity Research Articles

DELINEATING TOXIC MASCULINITY IN TANA FRENCH’S THE WITCH ELM

This article explores the concept of toxic masculinity in The Witch Elm (2018), a novel by Tana French, using R.W. Connell's theory of hegemonic masculinity and Amy Wharton's sociology of gender frameworks. The research focuses on the protagonist, Toby, who shows toxic masculine traits such as emotional suppression, independence, aggression, and vulnerability avoidance. The study uses qualitative descriptive analysis, examining key scenes in the novel in which these behaviors manifest, especially in relation to family and romantic partners. Through this analysis, the findings reveal how toxic masculinity not only contributes to Toby's deteriorating mental health but also isolates him emotionally, resulting in damaged relationships and increased psychological distress. Ultimately, the article concludes that toxic masculinity extends emotional isolation, reinforcing harmful gender norms that prevent men from seeking support or expressing vulnerability. The research contributes to a broader discourse on how societal expectations of masculinity negatively impact individual males while continuing gender inequality. The study highlights the importance of challenging these norms to foster healthier emotional expression, stronger relationships, and more fair gender dynamics in society.

Shift in Traditional Masculine Role Amid COVID-19: A Comprehensive Overview From Bangladesh

Gender has been an essential category of analysis that has been culturally and historically embedded in society since the 90s century (Scott, 1986). Gender is not a set of defined traits of masculine and feminine roles;instead, it is connected to social, economic, and psychological aspects. This research intends to examine the changing pattern of conventional conservative masculinity amid the COVID-19 epidemic,which instigates male dominance and supremacy and prescribes an fundamental and objective manner of men's roles. Covid-19, a worldwide pandemic, brought immense health as well as socioeconomic crisis for both men and women.As men and women experience the catastrophes differently,a gendered dimension of assessing their condition due to such a pandemic is necessary. Consequently, this paper aims to explore men's miscellaneous experiences, including their socioeconomic crisis, struggle, and coping mechanisms in that outbreak period. Connell's theory of hegemonic masculinity, Talcott Parsons' functionalist theory, and Judith Lorber'sgender role theory were used to assess findings and to comprehend traditional masculinity. According to findings, men face a massive change in their way of living due to the pandemic, which brought both positive changes in their behavior as well as creating an extra burden to bear socioeconomic turmoil. However, men's involvement in family care work, participation in parenting, contribution to creating flexible conjugal relations, and agreement in the deterioration of precarious masculinity indicate a shifting prototype of traditional masculinity. Similarly, masculinity is not just a linear, homogenous, or rigid construction; it has multiple overlapping variables that evaluate the pandemic from a gendered dimension.

Negotiating Masculinity and Cultural Identity in Americanah: An Analysis of Hegemonic Norms in Nigerian Diaspora Literature

This article delves into the presentation of masculinity and cultural identity in diaspora literature, honing in on Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah. The study seeks to understand how cultural expectations and power dynamics contribute to the construction of masculinity within Nigerian diasporic communities, utilizing Connell's theory of hegemonic masculinity. Furthermore, it seeks to examine the impact of cultural fusion on the development of masculinity and cultural identity in male main characters in the chosen novel and to investigate how the intersections of race, gender, and immigrant background converge to influence the formation of masculinity in Americanah. Through a thorough examination of the male characters, the research delves into their engagements with dominant norms while striving to establish their sense of self and connection. The primary discoveries underscore the complex interplay among race, gender, and the immigrant background in moulding not only personal but also communal identities. The investigation pinpoints occurrences of defiance and rebellion against the prevailing masculine norms, while also exploring the potential for cultural amalgamation to redefine conventional ideas of masculinity. This scholarly inquiry enriches the comprehension of the intricate dynamics surrounding masculinity and cultural identification, providing valuable perspectives on the nuances of diasporic encounters and their influence on identity formation within diasporic literary works. In addition, this learned analysis creates opportunities for more inquiries into the relationships among sex, ethnicity, and individuality in contemporary literature, ultimately propelling the awareness of different plots within migrant communities.

Perilaku Toxic Masculinity di Kalangan Pelajar SMK

Toxic masculinity behavior has become one of the examples of emerging reality in society. It talks about how a teenager male is bound to a long-formed social construction against the determination of attitudes and behaviors that men should be carrying out. Like a man should be strong, not crying, and so on. This study aims to identify toxic masculinity behavior that occurs among SMK students. The method used is qualitative research with a case study approach that is reviewed from Berger and Luckmann's theory of social reality construction and supported by Raewyn Connell's hegemonic masculinity theory. Subjects in this study were students of SMK Bina Karya 1 Karawang who consisted of five informants (three perpetrators and two victims) and selected on the basis of certain criteria. The data collection techniques used are observations, interviews and documentation.The results show that toxic masculinity in reality is based on three stages: externalization, objectification and internalization. At the externalization stage, the role of the family as well as the infancy of the informant becomes an important stage in the formation of their character as a man. Then at the objectivization stage, individuals begin to interact and see the reality that exists in their social environment through the meaning created for men. Lastly, the stage of internalization in which individuals embody existing subjectivity and become part of the members of society as a male.

For All (Wo)mankind: Advancing a Feminist Critique of US Space Policy

Though significant attention has been paid to the early absence of women astronauts and the difficulty in reducing gender gaps there and in the broader fields of science, technology, engineering, and math fields, little analysis has been done of the ways in which gender influences space policy in the United States. This article argues that a feminist critique is not only necessary but also needs to be advanced in a more sustained manner. To do so, it outlines feminist arguments including those of feminist international relations theory and hegemonic masculinity theory. It then notes the few studies undertaken in this area highlighting the lack of recency and frequency in them. Then, it presents two cases of a feminist critique: the masculine nature of space power theory and the influence of hegemonic masculinity theory in the commercial space industry. It concludes with noting several different areas ripe for such feminist analysis as well as analyses focusing on the intersectional nature of the space domain.As the pace and speed of events in space continues to increase, this article highlights the importance of addressing these imbalances now before societal and power imbalances have the opportunity to reach beyond Earth orbit.

A mixed method study exploring gender differences in dementia caregiving.

Few studies have investigated the experience of male carers of people with dementia and fewer specifically examined whether male and female carers of people with dementia differ in their approach to the caring role. As such, this research set-out to investigate whether male carers of people with dementia approach the caring role differently to female carers. Data from 167 survey participants (24 males and 143 females) were analysed using a mixed research methodology. Participants' demographics and scores on standardised burden and coping scales were analysed using linear regression. Participants' written responses to open-ended questions were analysed using thematic analysis anchored in theories of hegemonic masculinity. No significant gender differences were identified in carers' coping strategies or self-reported carer burden. However, qualitative analysis revealed strong thematic gender differences like: gendered barriers to help-seeking; gendered service preference; gendered considerations about residential care; gendered expression of burden; and themes of the absent son and exhausted daughter. This research identified that male carers of people with dementia approach help-seeking differently to female carers, typically focusing on addressing functional tasks and refraining from showing emotions, this despite reporting similar carer burden. Rapport building with male carers should start with conversations around functional issues rather than assessing the emotional impact of the caring role. The findings reinforce the need for more qualitative research into the unmet needs of male carers of people with dementia, to inform the design of male-friendly interventions which could facilitate timely access to services by male carers.

Cultural Conditions of Constructing Hegemonic Masculinity in the Polish Environment of West Prussia in the in the Mid-19th Century

The article presents cultural factors contributing to hegemonic masculinity in the Polish community of West Prussia in the mid-19th century. Starting from the perspective of social constructionism, Raewyn Connell’s theory of hegemonic masculinity was used in the research process to reveal the dominant discourse of masculinity in the studied milieu. The source base for the research was the Polish journalism of the region in question (predominantly the local press), mainly from the late 1840s and 1850s, less frequently from later periods. The contextual analysis of the research material made it possible to identify five basic, cultural determinants cultivating hegemonic masculinity in the Polish community of West Prussia in the period studied, analysed in detail (in separate parts) in the present article. These determinants include: the dominant narrative on the role of the male in the family, the position of the male in social structure, the role of the insurrectionary and organic work ethos, the influence of professed faith, including the views proclaimed by Catholic moralists, and the resulting beliefs about male sexuality. The research has shown the significant influence of Catholic ethics and national ideas derived from the nobility on the creation of a hegemonic image of masculinity in the Polish community of the studied region. This discourse was explicitly conservative and essentialist in nature. It also played an important role in maintaining and developing Polish identity in the absence of the Polish statehood.

Cultivating masculinity: self-fashioning and the expression of a masculine identity in Cardinal Ippolito II’s Renaissance Garden at Villa d’Este, 1550-72

In 1550, Cardinal Ippolito II d’Este (one of the wealthiest men in Early Modern Rome) was appointed governor of Tivoli. Here, he commissioned the famous humanist Pirro Ligorio to design a magnificent Renaissance Garden for his new official residence: Villa d’Este. Though widely considered to be one of the most influential gardens in Europe, the profoundly formative influence of elite male power upon the site has been consistently overlooked. Villa d’Este was codified by carefully selected references to its patron’s wealth, education, and dynastic position, functioning as a living testament to his self-fashioning as a Princely Cardinal. This article situates Villa d’Este’s gardens within the complex nexus of masculine values and codes from which it arose, demonstrating how formal landscaping was irrevocably bound to its patron’s masculine self-fashioning and the semantics of elite male power. It emphasises the dissonance between the emerging vision of Counter-Reformation curial masculinity and the decadence of the formerly hegemonic High Renaissance Princely Cardinal, framing this friction as a generative force. Drawing upon hegemonic masculinity theory and masculinity crisis theory, it explores the multiple and often conflicting cultural and political work this garden performed, identifying specific masculine traits Ippolito sought to promote and glorify at Tivoli.

Male Police involved Intimate Partner Violence: Is it more Dangerous than Abuse by Civilians? An Argumentative Analysis

In the wake of the killing of George Floyd, Canadian and US policing has received mass scrutiny. These violent police behavior is currently prompting questions about the appropriate use of force by police officers. Police use of force usually focuses on police officer’s brutality in their official capacity, but there is a lack of empirical data on brutality and abuse perpetrated by police against their intimate partners in their private family lives. Although police officers are more likely than civilians to abuse their partners, the power and training provided to police officers by the state make them significantly more dangerous as domestic violence perpetrators. “Feminist theory” and “Hegemonic Masculinity theory” have been applied to understand the power and control that police officers have due to their training, which causes them to be considered more violent and dangerous for their families, especially for their intimate partners. To support the argument, three key themes have emerged: police abusers are skilled abusers; victims face a tremendous struggle to report the abuse; and available support systems for the victims of police abusers sometimes not adequate for them. Finally, some policy implications have been provided to address this problematic and potentially more dangerous issue.

MELAMPAUI DOMINASI MASKULINITAS HEGEMONIK MELALUI TOKOH <em>SUPERHERO GAY </em>DALAM NOVEL <em>HERO</em> KARYA PERRY MOORE

Superhero is considered as an ideal figure with the image of hegemonic masculinity men. Hegemonic masculinity men are categorized as heterosexual, strong, intelligent, and dominant men. Meanwhile, homosexual men are subordinate masculinity. Perry Moore’s novel Hero presents the figure of a gay superhero. This study will explain how a gay superhero character named Thom was able to transcend the domination of hegemonic masculinity which has been synonymous with the image of a superhero. The method used is descriptive-analysis. The data taken is in the form of quotations in the novel Hero. The data that has been collected will be analyzed using the hegemonic masculinity theory popularized by R.W. Connell. The results of this study indicate that Thom is categorized as subordinate masculinity because of his sexual orientation as well as his weak, and insecure nature. As a gay superhero, Thom faces several conflicts in academics, family, and neighbourhood. However, he showed that he could change the perceptions of people. Through this novel, Perry Moore tried to dismantle superhero stereotypes.

Sexual misconduct reporting: the silencing effects of hegemonic masculinity

PurposeDrawing on hegemonic masculinity theory, this study provides evidence supporting how gender, race and sexual identity, may shape the rates of sexual misconduct reporting, by keeping those targets who traditionally enjoy positions of power (i.e. white, cisgender men) silent.Design/methodology/approachAcross 3,230 gender harassment, 890 sexual advance harassment and 570 sexual assault incidents that occurred within a traditionally masculine organization, the authors conducted tests of independence and hierarchical regression analyses to examine whether targets' social identity characteristics (i.e. sex, race, sexuality and gender alignment), predicted the reporting of sexual misconduct.FindingsAlthough reporting rates varied based on the type of incident, white men were less likely than their colleagues to report workplace sexual misconduct. In general, men were approximately half as likely as women to report. Lower rates of reporting were similarly seen among all white (vs BIPOC) targets and all cisgender and heterosexual (vs LGBT) targets, when controlling for other identity characteristics.Originality/valueResearch on sexual misconduct has largely privileged the experiences of (white, heterosexual) women, despite knowledge that men, too, can experience this mistreatment. This research broadens this lens and challenges the notion that sexual misconduct reporting rates are uniform across employee groups. By articulating how the pressures of hegemonic masculinity serve to silence certain targets – including and especially white, cisgender men – the authors provide means of better understanding and addressing workplace sexual misconduct underreporting.

Challenging the Patriarchal Norms: Examining Hegemonic Masculinity in Dickinson TV Series

In the 19th century, hegemonic masculinity and patriarchal system were part of the society and even became the norms that people believed and obeyed. Emily Dickinson, a female character in Dickinson series, had to deal with gender discrimination practiced by the patriarchal society, specifically hegemonic masculine figure. This research aims to investigate the hegemonic masculinity experienced by the main female character in Dickinson season 1, and how she challenged the notion of hegemonic masculinity. The writer uses descriptive qualitative method as well as the theory of hegemonic masculinity by Raewyn Connell. This study found that there were various traits of hegemonic masculinity that Emily had to face from the hegemonic masculine figure, namely authority, aggression, technical competence, and subordination of women. It also showed that the character in the series tried to challenge the hegemonic masculinity performed by her hegemonic father. The acts proved that the female character put effort in fighting againts the injustice and discrimination toward her as a woman.

KETERLIBATAN LAKI-LAKI DALAM KESETARAAN GENDER

The movements carried out by women for gender justice and the elimination of violence against women in Indonesia have not only changed women's perspective on efforts to fight women against the violence that occurred to them but have also inspired some men and produced new perspectives. Seeing themselves and growing new awareness about their need to be actively involved in the movement against violence against women. This study uses a qualitative method with a literacy study approach regarding men's involvement in gender equality efforts, using the theory of hegemonic masculinity. Hegemonic masculinity is used to criticize the male sex role. Sources of data used are secondary data, such as scientific articles, reference books, journal publications, websites, and other sources relevant to the topic of study. Furthermore, data were collected, grouped, analyzed, and interpreted using the perspective of gender and feminism to describe results and research discussions. This paper tries to explain that gender inequality or even violence against women is difficult to fight if there is no collaboration from various parties, one of which is men; men are at the root of the problem of violence against women, so they must also be part of solving the problem.

‘Is it necessary to be male?’: A qualitative study of female kindergarten teachers’ views on physical activity for young children in China

ABSTRACT Men are traditionally portrayed as being successful in sports, and male teachers in physical activities are portrayed as successful teachers. How do female teachers perceive the gender role of kindergarten teachers in early childhood physical activities? Using hegemonic masculinity theory as an analytical tool, semi-structured interviews with female public kindergarten teachers from four cities in Zhejiang Province, China were conducted. The study found that although most Chinese female teachers had traditional gender stereotypes about the role of physical activity teachers in kindergartens, these gender stereotypes were not firmly established. As the questions were contextualized and deepened, thinking about the deeper elements of early childhood physical activity was activated. They did not seem to believe that women were incapable of leading young children in physical activities, nor did they believe that women were not important in ideal early childhood physical activities. By deconstructing the male-only nature of ‘hegemonic masculinity’, they reconstructed the masculinity that children need in early childhood physical activities and constructed a more equal concept of teachers’ gender in early childhood physical activities.

Depathologizing Addiction: Considerations of Hegemonic Masculinity in and Around Problematic Video Gaming

In 2018, gaming disorder was accepted as a new official addiction diagnosis. Young males are at the highest risk of receiving this diagnosis. Despite that, the relations between video games and masculinity in the context of pathologization have only been discussed very sparsely so far. Employing theories of hegemonic masculinity as a tool of critical review, I explore these relations in three contexts: the industry of video games, the social cultures in and around them, and neoliberal social change. I argue that pathologization of gaming individualizes and risks maintaining broader and deeper issues related to masculinity, gaming, and social inequalities.

The Amplification of Hegemonic Masculinity in Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku

The history of Lengger, one of the traditional dances from Banyumas, reveals how the dancer’s body becomes a site in which control over the body is exercised. As revealed in the Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku film released in 2018, Lengger shows how the body is culturally defined as the manifestation of femininity and masculinity, and how it is dominated by hegemonic masculinities. This article aimed to investigate the hegemonic masculinities practiced by various regimes in Indonesia. The narrative method was used by applying Connell’s theory of hegemonic masculinity. The data were gathered through a close reading technique in watching the film. Further, the data were analysed using elements of narrative which involved aspects of camera technique and camera angle. The interconnectivity of the adopted scene and the wider socio-political context remained essential in understanding the context of this film. The article argues that the practice of hegemonic masculinity has been amplified in the Reformation era. As part of this expansion, the practices not only involve the domination of male over female but also male over another male. As depicted in this film, the exercise of hegemonic masculinity embraces the gay man. In relation to Warok, the gay body is dominated as well as subjugated not only by other male bodies but also by the socio-cultural body. Indeed, culture and societies deliberately have become the agents to reinforce hegemonic masculinities in the Reformation era.
 Keywords: Lengger, hegemonic masculinity, Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku

Four Distinct Cultures of Oilfield Masculinity, but Absent Hegemonic Masculinity: Some Multiple Masculinities Perspectives from a Remote UK Offshore Drilling Platform

This study explores the multiple and distinct cultures of oilfield masculinity uncovered during an embedded ethnographic study of masculinities onboard a remote UK offshore drilling platform. Oilmen revealed shifting interpretations for how risky and dangerous oil work “should be done.” Changes led to the construction of three distinct masculine cultures intertwined with positive safety behaviors and one culture intertwined with negative risky behaviors. Tracing the trajectory of Connell’s hegemonic masculinity theory, no singular “hegemonic” or dominant masculinity existed in the oilfield. Also, unlike some existing oilfield research, masculine reformations and subsequent divisions and associations between local cultures were triggered by factors independent from shifts in workplace policies. Rather, and linking with emerging research exploring “manhood acts”; oilmen consciously reformulated their masculine identities, embodying self-awareness and self-reflection for reimagining processes, and themselves recognized each industrial identity as unique and capable of cultural support or resistance. Perspectives of growth for “hegemonic” masculinities theory are presented, alongside suggestions for further examination of masculinities in understudied male-dominated workplaces, to further expand the “manhood acts” research perspective.

Male Identity in Sam Shepardʼs Eyes for Consuela

ABSTRACT
 The focus of this study is Sam Shepard's Eyes for Consuela, a play which scrutinizes the functions and dysfunctions of human relationships in terms of societal and family structures. In this paper we examine Eyes for Consuela as a play conveying men's struggle for identity. Moreover, it depicts how the struggle between the two leading male characters is resolved by the primary female character in the play. As such, the play dramatizes how male characters' struggle for identity is preoccupied by their relation to female characters. Shepard's play presents the journey of an American man in a Mexican remote jungle. Hence, it shows two parallel and opposing worlds, American and Mexican, which sheds the light on two different settings and identities. This also represents a struggle in the creation of male identity for the male characters. Relying on Connell's hegemonic masculinity theory, we argue that Eyes for Consuela portrays how the discrepancies in the two male identities are influenced by their different cultures. Further, we suggest that it follows Kimmel's Guyland model, by revealing how the fear of being dominated might initiate manly attitudes and encourage identity evolution.

"No One Cares In The City": How Young People's Gendered Perceptions Of The Country And The City Shape Their Educational Decision Making

This paper provides an in-depth analysis of a group of young rural men's and women's understandings of 'the city' and 'the country'and the relationship between this and their educational decision making. The analysis adds to a growing body of literature on young rural people's experiences and the emerging research on education in a rural context. Drawing on participant observation and interviews with a group of Grade 10 students in a rural Tasmanian high school, I argue that the everyday life of the young respondents is characterised by a high degree of ambivalence towards urban living which sits at the heart of their educational choices. They depicted living in a small rural town as involving a daily trade-off between a welcome familiarity and a problematic lack of privacy. Their perception of the city was that this relationship would be reversed, and that while they might be free from the constraint of everyone knowing your business, they would struggle to negotiate the alien environment. Using Simmel's (1950) ideas on how rural and urban environments produce different worldviews as well as Bourdieu's (1990) concept of habitus, this analysis captures this ambivalence and the sense of risk involved in exchanging the known difficulties of the town for the unknown risks of the city. This sense of the city as 'too risky' informed many of the participants' decisions to 'not make a choice' and remain in their familiar environment rather than moving to the city to continue their education and risk failure. The analysis also draws on Bourdieu's concept of cultural capital and Connell's (2005) theory of hegemonic masculinity to emphasise that although the young people shared common experiences, these were mediated by aspects of cultural knowledge and gender relations.

Exploring the Language Usage in Mark Twain’s Novel “Adventures of Tom Sawyer”: Hegemonic Masculinity Analysis

The practice of legitimizing men’s dominance is known as hegemonic masculinity, and it is a concept that has often been explored through numerous adult novels, but rarely in children’s literature. To address this research gap, this study conducted a text analysis on the types of hegemonic masculinity depictions in Mark Twain’s “Adventures of Tom Sawyer”, as one of the most read novels by young readers who attend schools with an international curriculum. The researchers used the descriptive qualitative method hand in hand with Connell and Messerschmidt’s theory of hegemonic masculinity. The result showed 3 types of hegemonic masculinity displayed in the novel include toxic masculinity, bad boy archetype, and dominant-submissive roles. These types can influence young to imitate bad role model, engage in bullying, and develop an unhealthy habit of hiding their feelings. Young readers may begin to see mischievous, manipulating, and aggressive behaviour as a common thing to do or even should be done to establish their place in society. Tom Sawyer is mandatory reading in the curriculum and is a classic that is unlikely to be taken off of the syllabus, so this study recommends teachers to make students become aware of the underlying ideas and values implicated in the novels. This study presented the implication for schools which assigned the reading of “Tom Sawyer” to address the reality of hegemonic masculinity in the novel to reduce the possible effect of its themes.