Theory Of Cross-cultural Adaptation Research Articles

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and the Performance of Sino-Indonesian Joint Ventures: An Empirical Study

China has emerged as Indonesia's largest trading partner, creating new opportunities for bilateral economic cooperation. However, challenges related to cultural differences in joint ventures have become increasingly important. Improving cross-cultural adaptability and joint venture performance is crucial to strengthen collaboration and exchange. This study aims to explain the theory of cross-cultural adaptation in joint ventures, establishing connections between employee backgrounds, cross-cultural activities, support, and networks to develop new theoretical foundations for promoting such adaptation. The study examines the dynamic impact of cross-cultural adaptation on business performance by analyzing data from 30 China-Indonesia joint ventures between 2008 and 2019. The results indicate that cross-cultural adaptation comprises four components: employee backgrounds, cross-cultural spending, support, and networks. Notably, as cross-cultural adaptability improves, joint venture performance increases significantly. Among these components, cross-cultural networks have the most substantial impact on performance. These findings suggest joint ventures should enhance cross-cultural resilience through targeted activities to improve performance.

Ethnic self-awareness and cross-cultural communication of international students in the People’s Republic of China (Autoconcepto étnico y comunicación intercultural entre los estudiantes internacionales en la República Popular China)

ABSTRACT In the modern world the concept of multiculturalism is actualized. The main purpose of the study was to determine the level of ethnic identity of international students. The study involved 248 international students from Changchun Normal University (Jilin City, China). The results show an increase in the level of ethnic identity of students. The analysis made it clear that the comparison led to a positive mean (r = .60, p < .05), so that the value of cultural intelligence increased over time. These data validated the U-shaped theory of cross-cultural adaptation, with all ethnic groups experiencing it. The practical significance of the results and prospects for further research are explained by the two possibilities of using the proposed methodology to study the level of ethnic identity of students from other countries to study the problem of multiculturalism in the modern world.

ADAPTASI TEKNIK LINEAR DRUM CHOPS DALAM LAGU YOU ARE GOOD DI SAJIAN LITURGI GBI KELUARGA ALLAH SURAKARTA

The research entitled "Adaptation of the Drum Chops Technique in the Song You Are Good in the Liturgical Serving of GBI Keluarga Allah Surakarta" was proposed by raising the assumption that this phenomenon occurs consciously and is related to many things in religious and cultural life in GBI Keluarga Allah Surakarta. There are two problem formulations, namely; 1) Why was gospel music adapted with drum chops technique in liturgical music at GBI Keluarga Allah Surakarta? 2) How was gospel music adapted and drum chops technique adapted to liturgical music at GBI Keluarga Allah Surakarta? and 3) How is the position of gospel music with drum chops technique in worship at GBI Keluarga Allah? The theory of cross-cultural adaptation is used as the basis for the analysis of this research by applying qualitative methods of field research techniques. The results of this study indicate that the GBI Keluarga Allah consciously accepts the gospel flow and uses Contemporary Christian Music (CCM) as the dominant music style because the concept of using liturgical music in GBI Keluarga Allah is a reference to the popular gospel music genre. The adaptation process that occurs in applying the linear drum chops technique is at least three things, namely simplification, mixing, and complicating the game references that are absorbed by the drummer through social media. The adjustment of the drum chops game is considered sufficient to affect the achievement of the desired atmosphere as in the part of the worship service.

Moderasi Beragama di Indonesia (Perspektif Adaptasi Antar-Budaya dalam Islam dan Katolik)

Religious moderation has become a trending issue in Indonesia in thelast five years. This paper attempts to answer two important questions:first, what is the basic teologic for doing religious moderation Muslimsand Catholics in Indonesia; and second, how Young Yun Kim’s theoryof cross-cultural adaptation inspires Muslims and Catholics inimplementing religious moderation in Indonesia. With literature studiesfound; first, the Quran and the Bible are authentic sources in efforts tomoderate religion in Indonesia. Second, Muslims and Catholics are tworeligions that are close to culture, therefore the theory of cross-culturaladaptation becomes an inherent part of the existence of Muslims andCatholics in facing the local tradition. The Catholic Church traditionuses the term inculturation, while the Muslim tradition calls it,culturalization. However, religious moderation is not synonymous withinculturation and culturalization. Inculturation and culturalizationare models of cross-cultural adaptation to the paradigm of religiousmoderation. Here religion and local traditions are interconnected butalso intercorroborated.

A Cross-national Study of International Students' experiences

This study examined cross-cultural adaptation experiences of international students from non-English speaking countries studying in English-taught programs in Europe and the United States. Based on the integrative theory of cross-cultural adaptation (Kim, 1988, 2001, 2005), this study examined the positive impact of communication engagement, interaction and general adjustment, and psychological well-being on general satisfaction. We conducted a survey of international students studying in ten universities in Poland, Denmark, Germany, France, Finland and the U.S. A total of 916 international students were selected as the sample for this analysis. This study found that social interaction with local peers in the host culture is a driver for international students to adapt as they are facing a high level of challenges and stress. The research findings contribute to the contradictory viewpoints on the role of communication with co-ethnics in the host cultural environment, finding a significant positive impact of host interpersonal communication, rather than ethnic interpersonal communication, on general satisfaction. Additionally, the results support studies on the multidimensional construct of adjustment by providing empirical evidence of international students, and testify the mediating role of interaction adjustment on student satisfaction. This study has several practical and policy implications to create a diverse and multicultural campus.

Adaptive Personality, Communication Competence and Psychological Health

Expatriate adjustment has gained wide attention because of its relevance to expatriates’ successful performance. This study examined the adaptation experience of Korean expatriates in India. Y.Y. Kim’s Integrative Theory of Cross-Cultural Adaptation offers a multidimensional system to explain the link between adaptive personality, communication and psychological health. Our analysis uses a self-reported questionnaire collected from 78 Korean expatriates. Results show positive correlation between theoretical constructs, suggesting expatriates’ personality, ability to communicate and ability to participate in the host country's social processes facilitate successful cross-cultural adjustment overseas.

Intercultural Adaptation and Acculturation Strategies of Overseas Chinese Teachers — A Survey Study on Volunteer CPKI Chinese Teachers of 2019-2020 Term in South Korea

With the increasing demand for native Chinese teachers from all over the world, more and more Chinese teachers are going abroad. As the intercultural adaptation and adaptation strategies of these teachers directly impact the promotion of overseas Chinese education, this survey study explored the intercultural adaptation and adaptation strategies of a sample of 170 CPIK (Chinese Program In Korea) volunteer Chinese teachers of 2019-2020 term in South Korea by the approaches of interview, questionnaire and statistical analysis.<BR> Drawing upon the Integrative Theory of Cross-cultural Adaptation (Kim, 2005) and the Theory of Acculturation Strategies （Berry, 1992), this paper developed 3 questionnaires and initiated an online automatic assessment system to implement the investigation. By applying statistical software such as SPSS23.0 and AMOS 24.0, quantitative analyses were explored and findings revealed that the overall intercultural adaptation of CPIK Chinese teachers was pretty good and the group with male gender, higher education background and higher Korean proficiency evidently achieved better intercultural adaptation. Among the 7 scopes of intercultural adaptation, the Chinese teachers generally performed best in the scope of Ethic Social Communication, while performing worst in the scope of Host Social Communication. The levels of Host Social Communication and Teaching Adaptation were positively related to the status of intercultural adaptation，and the Predisposition could predict whether or not the Intercultural Transformation could be achieved. The Chinese teachers showed an evident preference to integration strategy followed by separation strategy, and those who had integration strategy preference performed best in intercultural adaptation. The findings can not only provide empirical evidence for how to improve CPIK Chinese teachers’ cross-cultural adaptability, but also offer the potential professional value for helping to train overseas Chinese teachers conveniently on a large-scale service by the online automatic assessment system developed by this research.

ASSESSING CROSS-CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS IN IIUM

In today’s world, many international students from other countries arriving at the host nation are exposed to a wide range of local cultures and values. Malaysia, being a multi-ethnic, multi-religious, and multi-cultural country, is put in a unique position that attracts many international students and foreigners alike. Regardless, many international students experience a clash of cultures between their own and the host’s culture, which if not dealt with could have detrimental effects on areas such as studies, social-circles, and self-esteem. Therefore, this study explored the challenges that both undergraduate and postgraduate international students of IIUM encounter when arriving in Malaysia. This study employed a quantitative research design, using the survey method with a questionnaire as the research instrument for data collection. In this study, students aged 21 years old and above were surveyed. This study was based on the theory of cross-cultural adaptation, using the U-curve model that displays each stage of adaptation every student goes through. The findings demonstrated that the cultural stage of adaptation had a positive relationship with the cultural stage of euphoria, the cultural stage of culture shock, and the cultural stage of adjustment. Based on the theory of cross-cultural adaptation as a guide, all the hypotheses were supported in which all relationships were found to be positive and significant.

Аналитическая модель факторов адаптации и интеграции мигрантов в регионах России

Based on the integrative theory of cross-cultural adaptation by Yu. Kim the authors developed a theoretical model of internal and external factors affecting the process and results of socio-cultural adaptation. The study revealed the main factors of socio-cultural adaptation of migrants in Russia, their positive and negative impact on the integration into the social life of the host society in the surveyed regions.

الطلاب الوافدین وآلیات التکیف الثقافی والأکادیمی دراسة میدانیة فی بعض الجامعات الحکومیة والخاصة

ملخص البحث: يهدف هذا البحث إلى الکشف عن سبل تکيف الطلاب الوافدين داخل المجتمع المصري اجتماعيا وأکاديميا والوقوف على المشکلات التي تواجههم سواء في بيئتهم الاجتماعية أو الأکاديمية الجديدة. وسعيا لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم الاستعانة بنظرية التکيف عبر الثقافات (لـ کيم يان يونج) والتي تنطلق من أن البشر لديهم دافع فطري للتکيف، فالتکيف هو الهدف الأساسي لحياة البشر، وأن التکيف مع البيئة الاجتماعية يحدث من خلال الاتصال. واتخذت أيضا هذه الدراسة إطارا نظريا آخر لها متمثل في نظرية تنتو رحيل الطالب والتي نصت على أن عدم تفاعل الطلاب وتکيفهم مع بيئتهم الأکاديمية والاجتماعية يؤدي إلى رحيلهم من الجامعة وترکهم الدراسة. استخدمت الباحثة منهج المسح الاجتماعي والذي ساعد على تحديد مشکلة البحث وجمع البيانات المطلوبة. وتم استخدام عدة أدوات لجمع البيانات منها الاستبيان الذي تم تطبيقه على عينة قوامها 263 مفرده، بالإضافة إلى إجراء المقابلات المتعمقة مع 18 طالب وافد. وتوصل البحث إلى أن هناک تنوع في خصائص الطلاب الوافدين من حيث الجنسية، العمر، النوع، الحالة الاجتماعية، التخصص الدراسي. وحقق الطلاب التکيف الاجتماعي من خلال عدة مؤشرات أهمها تواصلهم مع الجيران والاصدقاء خارج نطاق الجامعة، فهم اللهجة المصرية، طريقة قضائهم لوقتهم من خلال السفر والتنزه مع الأصدقاء. ومن ناحية أخرى استطاع الطلاب الوافدون أن يتکيفوا أکاديميا من خلال العديد من المؤشرات مثل رضائهم عن تخصصهم الدراسي، تفاعلهم مع البيئة الجامعية ومشارکتهم في الرحلات وحفلات التعارف داخل الجامعة، وکذلک مشارکتهم في المحاضرات وتواصلهم مع أعضاء هيئة التدريس وتکوين صداقات داخل الحرم الجامعي، بالإضافة إلى قدرتهم على مواجهة المشکلات التي يتعرضون لها اجتماعيا وأکاديميا. Foreign Students and Strategies of Cultural and Academic Adaptation Field Study in some Public and Private Universities Abstract This research aims to reveal how foreign students adapt to Egyptian society (socially and academically). It also aims to identify the problems; they face in their new social and academic environment. Kim Yan Young’s Theory of Cross Cultural Adaptation was employed to achieve the goals of this study. This theory asserts that human beings have innate motives to adaptation, which considered as the main goal of life. This adaptation to the social environment occurs through communication. Another theory was employed in this study, Tinto’s Theory of Student Departure. This theory states that when students can’t adapt to their social and academic environment that leads to their departure from universities and they also leave the study. The method of the study is the Social Survey Method, which helped to determine the problem of research, as well as collecting required data. It also used many tools to collect data like questionnaire, which has been surveyed a sample of 263 foreign students, as well as In-depth interviews with a number of foreign students. The most import findings are: There was diversity of sample’s characteristics of nationality, age, gender, marital status and academic specialization. The foreign students can adapt socially through several indicators like communications with neighbors, making friends outside university, understanding the Egyptian dialect and the way they spend their time (travelling, going on a picnic with friends). On the other hand they can adapt academically through several indicators such as satisfaction of academic specialization, interaction with university’s environment, participating in trips and university’s meeting parties, participating in lectures, communicating with members of teaching staff and making friends inside university. As well as they have the ability of facing social and academic problems, which they exposed to.

Refining a theory of cross-cultural adaptation: an exploration of a new methodological approach to institutional completeness

ABSTRACTThe current study explored a whole-network approach to measure the impact of institutional completeness at an individual-level with regards to [Kim, Y. (2001). Becoming intercultural: An integrative theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.] a theoretical model of cross-cultural adaptation. A new construct of ‘ethnic entrainment’ was proposed as a way to bridge the different levels of theoretical constructs in the model. The analytical challenge of verifying the influence of institutional completeness (a group-level construct in the model) on individuals’ communication patterns was partially overcome in this study by measuring the degree of one's structural embeddedness in various ethnic community networks (i.e. information, emotional support, and tangible help exchange networks). A community member survey (N = 172) was utilized to construct social networks of a Korean immigrant community. The research tested hypotheses generated from Kim's theorems on the relationships between ethnic group strength and host/ethnic interpersonal/mass communication. Three out of five hypotheses were supported through hierarchical regression analyses.

Finding a “home” beyond culture: The emergence of intercultural personhood in the globalizing world

This theoretical essay presents intercultural identity development and the emerging intercultural personhood as an adaptive response to the increasing interface of differing cultural traditions. Based on the integrative theory of cross-cultural adaptation (Kim, 1988, 2001, 2005), extensive and prolonged intercultural communication experiences are explained to render a gradual psychological evolution from a largely mono-cultural to an increasingly “intercultural” way of relating to oneself and others. Underpinning this internal transformation are two interrelated processes of individuation and universalization in identity orientation, by which conventional, ascription-based cultural identity plays a diminishing role in a person's daily existence. Samples of direct and indirect research evidence supporting the present theoretical claim are provided from studies of immigrants and sojourners, along with three individuals’ personal narratives offering a concrete insight into the reality explained by the theory. The essay ends with an examination of intercultural personhood as a constructive way of engaging oneself in the globalizing world and as ultimately a matter of choice for those intercultural communicators who are open to the possibility of being changed by the experiences of new cultural learning.

Social engagement and cross-cultural adaptation: An examination of direct- and mediated interpersonal communication activities of educated non-natives in the United States

This study explores whether or not technology-mediated interpersonal communication activities with co-ethnics weakens the vital role that direct social engagements with members of the host society play in the cross-cultural adaptation process. Grounded in Kim's integrative theory of cross-cultural adaptation, this study addresses this question through a detailed examination of the extent to which non-natives participate in face-to-face and mediated “host interpersonal communication” and “ethnic interpersonal communication” through dyadic relationships and organizational affiliations. The analysis utilizes portions of the quantitative and qualitative data obtained from in-depth interviews with 51 relatively well-educated foreign-born residents in the United States. The results indicate that: (1) technology-mediated forms of communication such as email and the Internet serve as the primary means for maintaining contacts with family and friends who remain in the country of origin; (2) non-natives are engaged predominantly in activities of host interpersonal communication rather than ethnic interpersonal communication; and (3) non-natives’ involvements in direct host interpersonal communication, but not their ethnic interpersonal communication, are significantly correlated with their functional and psychological well-being. These and related findings suggest the continuing primacy of non-natives’ direct social engagement with members of the host society in the cross-cultural adaptation process.

Taiwan's Fifth Ethnic Group: A Study of the Acculturation and Cultural Fusion of Women who have Married into Families in Taiwan

One of the under-studied effects of global migration has been an increase in transnational marriages. This phenomenon has greatly impacted Taiwan as women from Southeast Asian nations and Mainland China, through professional marriage brokers or personal contacts, enter into marriages with Taiwanese men. How well these women adapt to Taiwan's culture and learn its local languages is studied through the lens of two theories of intercultural communication: Kim's theory of cross-cultural adaptation and Kramer's theory of cultural fusion. Based upon in-depth interviews with 28 women, results show some support for both theories. However, the postulates of cultural fusion demonstrate a better fit: Learning is an additive process; long-term association with co-ethnics appears to correlate with greater satisfaction and adaptation; and women's negotiated identities follow a range of outcomes.

Intercultural personhood: Globalization and a way of being

Abstract This theoretical essay makes a case for “intercultural personhood” as a viable model for human development in today's increasingly integrated world. Critiquing the largely static, monolithic, and value-laden perspective on cultural identity prevalent in social science literature, the author emphasizes the complex and evolving nature of identity. The term, intercultural identity, is employed as a counterpoint to, and as an extension of, cultural identity, and as a concept that represents the phenomenon of identity adaptation and transformation beyond the perimeters of the conventional, categorical conception of cultural identity. The stress–adaptation–growth dynamic in the author's integrative theory of cross-cultural adaptation provides a systemic account for the identity development process as the interplay of acculturation and deculturation. The author argues that, through prolonged and cumulative intercultural communication experiences, individuals around the world can, and do, undergo a gradual process of intercultural evolution. The emerging intercultural personhood is characterized by two interrelated key patterns in self-other orientation: individuation and universalization. Empirical evidence for this theoretical argument is offered through some of the pertinent research findings as well as case illustrations based on publicly available personal testimonials and biographic narratives.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation of US Expatriates in Singapore

This study examines the intercultural adaptation experience of US expatriates in Singapore, drawing mainly on Kim’s (2001) theory of cross-cultural adaptation and Berry’s (1989, 1994) theory of acculturation. Three key dimensions of Kim’s theory are used to analyse the sojourning experiences of 20 expatriates in Singapore: host social communication, ethnic social communication and environment. A total of 20 US expatriates in Singapore and five Singaporeans were interviewed to reveal partial support of the two theories of study. The emergence of a “white privilege” syndrome explains the distinct departure in the cross-cultural adaptation process of the US expatriates from common assumptions in the adaptation and acculturation theories of Kim (2001) and Berry (1989, 1994).

'This Guy is Japanese Stuck in a White Man's Body': A Discussion of Meaning Making, Identity Slippage, and Cross-cultural Adaptation

This paper addresses two issues within a general theory of cross-cultural adaptation. The first concerns the extent to which cross-cultural adaptation is activated by the ability to make meaning in Japanese as a foreign language. The second investigates the phenomenon of 'identity slippage'. Six life histories taken from informants who had learned Japanese after the age of 11 years have been used as narratives to provide qualitative date to shed light on issues concerning additional language development, and especially some of the consequences of learning Japanese on each informant's sense of self. It was found that making and interpreting meaning with a different set of appropriated linguistic, non-verbal and pivotal information plays a major role in cross-cultural adaptation. It was also discovered that 'identity slippage' is a multilayered phenomenon which relies, in part, on the ability to make meaning in a location and with an audience. Those who can and do identity slip challenge the notions of native and non-native.

"I Can Walk Both Ways" Identity Integration of American Indians in Oklahoma

This article analyzes the identity experience of American Indians in Oklahoma. The state offers a sociocultural milieu in which life activities of Indians closely interface with those of non-Indians in relative harmony. Berry's (1970, 1980, 1990) acculturation model serves as a conceptual template to help locate different modes of Oklahoma Indians' identity experience. Kim's (1988, 1995a, 1995b, in press) communication theory of cross-cultural adaptation provides the basis far offering a multidimensional system far explaining the linkage between identity experience and other facets of cross-cultural adaptation. The analysis uses portions of both the quantitative data and the verbal transcripts obtained through 182 one-on-one interviews during 1988 to 1989 at six research sites in the state. Results show a preponderance of integrative identity mixed with varying degrees of separatist orientation. Evidence is also provided for Kim's theoretical articulation of cultural-intercultural identity continuum. Positive correlations are seen between identity integration, interpersonal engagement with non-Indians, functional fitness, and psychological health.

A theory of cognition and negative affect: Extending Gudykunst and Hammer's theory of uncertainty and anxiety reduction

The present work builds on Gudykunst and Hammer's (1988a) uncertainty/anxiety reduction theory of cross-cultural adaptation. Gudykunst and Hammer (1988a) suggest that anxiety and attributional confidence (the inverse of uncertainty reduction) play crucial roles in predicting cross-cultural interaction processes. The purpose of this essay is to (a) specify why, and (b) predict when, adaptation and/or communication effectiveness occur in a cross-cultural encounter. Specifically, two parallel processes are proposed to explain the degree of adaptation and/or communication effectiveness a sojourner might have in a cross-cultural encounter. Drawing on Witte's (1992a) fear appeal theory, it is argued that in cross-cultural encounters individuals engage in either uncertainty control processes which lead to adaptive outcomes (intercultural adaptation, communication effectiveness), or anxiety control processes which lead to maladaptive outcomes (isolation, withdrawal). Individuals are motivated to control their uncertainty when they believe they can predict how members of another culture will act, but do not feel too anxious about the encounter (i.e., high attributional confidence/low anxiety). In contrast, individuals are motivated to control their anxiety if they believe they cannot predict how a member of another culture will act or respond to them, and they are experiencing high levels of anxiety (i.e., low attributional confidence/high anxiety). A formula designed to predict which process is dominating, and which outcomes to expect (i.e., adaptive or maladaptive), is presented.