Theory Of Confluence Research Articles

The Dark Side of Cultural Intelligence: Exploring Its Impact on Opportunism, Ethical Relativism, and Customer Relationship Performance

ABSTRACTEmployees who possess cross-cultural capabilities are increasingly sought after due to unparalleled numbers of cross-cultural interactions. Previous research has primarily focused on the bright side of these capabilities, including important individual and work outcomes. In contrast, the purpose of this study is to demonstrate that the cross-cultural capability of cultural intelligence (CQ) can lead to both positive and negative outcomes. Applying the general theory of confluence, we propose that expatriates high in CQ excel in customer relationship performance, while simultaneously behaving opportunistically. We also suggest that ethical relativism moderates these relationships. Using mixed methods, four separate studies generally support our predictions while also deepening our understanding of various forms of opportunism and the mechanism behind two seemingly opposing effects. Conceptual and managerial implications of CQ for opportunism, customer relationship performance, and ethics are discussed.

Polymorphic computation systems: Theory and practice of confluence with call-by-value

We present a new framework of polymorphic computation rules that can accommodate a distinction between values and non-values. It is suitable for analysing fundamental calculi of programming languages. We develop a type inference algorithm and new criteria to check the confluence property. These techniques are then implemented in our automated confluence checking tool PolySOL . Its effectiveness is demonstrated through examination of various calculi, including the call-by-need lambda-calculus, Moggi's computational lambda-calculus, and skew-monoidal categories. • A framework of polymorphic second-order computation with value/non-value distinctions. • A type reconstruction algorithm for polymorphic second-order computation systems. • A theory of confluence in the call-by-value setting. • Confluence criteria without termination. • An automated confluence checking tool PolySOL and its demonstration.

P-adic confluence of q-difference equations

AbstractWe develop the theory of p-adic confluence of q-difference equations. The main result is the fact that, in the p-adic framework, a function is a (Taylor) solution of a differential equation if and only if it is a solution of a q-difference equation. This fact implies an equivalence, called confluence, between the category of differential equations and those of q-difference equations. We develop this theory by introducing a category of sheaves on the disk D−(1,1), for which the stalk at 1 is a differential equation, the stalk at q isa q-difference equation if q is not a root of unity, and the stalk at a root of unity ξ is a mixed object, formed by a differential equation and an action of σξ.

Confluence theory for graphs

We develop a theory of confluence of graphs. We describe an algorithm for proving that a given system of reduction rules for abstract graphs and graphs in surfaces is locally confluent. We apply this algorithm to show that each simple Lie algebra of rank at most 2, gives rise to a confluent system of reduction rules of graphs (via Kuperberg's spiders) in an arbitrary surface. As a further consequence of this result, we find canonical bases of SU_3-skein modules of cylinders over orientable surfaces.

On reductions for the Steiner Problem in Graphs

Several authors have demonstrated how reductions can be used to improve the efficiency with which the Steiner Problem in Graphs can be solved. Previous reduction algorithms have been largely ad hoc in nature. This paper uses a theory of confluence to show that, in many cases, all maximal reduction sequences are equivalent, gaining insights into the design of reduction algorithms that obtain a maximum degree of reduction.

On the convergence of asynchronous iteration methods for nonlinear paracontractions and consistent linear systems

Elsner et al. (L. Elsner, I. Koltracht, M. Neumann, Numer. Math. 62(1992) 305–319) introduced the concept of paracontracting operators for fixed point problems and their solution with asynchronous iteration methods. Their results are extended with respect to the properties of the pool of operators from which a common fixed point is searched. Also, a more general kind of asynchronous iterations than theirs is presented. As an application of this theory, asynchronous iteration methods for consistent linear systems Ax = b are considered, where A is a singular M-matrix. Lubashevski and Mitra (B. Lubashevski, D. Mitra, J. ACM 33(1) (1986) 130–150) investigated asynchronous iteration methods for the Perron-vector problem, i.e. determining a positive solution of Tx = p( T) x, where T is an irreducible nonnegative matrix and its spectral radius is know. Their result can be fortified and extended to the reducible-affine case by using a quite different approach, the developed theory of paracontractions and confluence.

Partial confluence of processes and systems of objects

A process calculus extending the π-calculus with higher-order agent abstractions as in the Higher-Order π-calculus and first-order data other than names but with only first-order interaction is used to give a natural and direct semantic definition for a concurrent object-oriented programming language. A notion of partial confluence of agents is introduced and its theory developed, first in the setting of CCS and then in the mobile-process calculus. It is shown how the semantic definition can be used as a basis for reasoning about systems prescribed by programs of the language: the theory of partial confluence is used to prove the indistinguishability in an arbitrary program context of two classes whose instances combine to form data structures only one of which supports concurrent operations.

CONFLUENCE THEORY OF THE HIGH TROPOSPHERIC JET STREAM

Abstract In 1947 a suggestion was made by one of the authors that the existence of fast narrow currents in the upper troposphere was due to the bringing together, or confluence, of warm and cold air masses from northerly and southerly regions. In the present paper an attempt is made to extend this theory by a somewhat more detailed examination of the dynamics of confluence. It is suggested that the energy of the jet is derived from a direct transformation of potential into kinetic energy. This source of energy is independent of stability in the usual sense, a fact which may be of some importance in understanding the general circulation. A comparison is made between this theory and the known behavior of the jet stream. Here extensive use is made of recent synoptic studies by Palmen and his co-workers and of charts showing the normal appearance of the hemispheric jet stream (which are shown for the first time). It is concluded that these observational studies tend to confirm the theory of confluence.