Theory Of Presupposition Research Articles

Presuppositions in The Headline Structures of Skin1004 Selected Products

The analysis discussed about the presupposition in the headline structures of Skin1004 selected products. The aims of the analysis were to describe the categories of presupposition, and to investigate the functions of presupposition. The source of the data was found in the headline structures of Skin1004 selected products, which collected from Skin1004 Official Shop e-commerce. The analysis research method was applying descriptive qualitative method. The theories of analysis were applying Yule (1996) categories of presupposition theory and Ge (2011) functions of presupposition theory. The results of the discussion were found four categories of presupposition, which consisted with total thirty-five data sources, namely, existential presuppositions, factive presuppositions, lexical presuppositions, and counterfactual presuppositions. Meanwhile the functions of presupposition were found five functions, twenty-one functions of presupposition, namely, conciseness functions, interestingness functions, enlargement functions, emphasis functions, and persuasion functions. In the categories of presupposition contained in the headline structures of Skin1004 selected products were dominated by the lexical presupposition with total twelve data sources found. The functions of presupposition in the headline structures of Skin1004 were dominated by the emphasis functions with total six data sources found. The accumulation of presupposition found in the headline structures of Skin1004 selected products were fifty-six presuppositions. Based on the analysis that have been conducted, the lexical presupposition and emphasis function were closely related, since it described the advantages of the products in implicit method.

Implicit temporality from the perspective of relevance theory

The article presents an attempt to apply the basic principles of Dan Sperber and Deidre Wilson’s Relevance theory to the study of implicit means of time reference. The theory combines both cognitive and pragmatic features, which makes it suitable for online analysis of the natural communicative process including the possible mistakes in the cognitive mechanism of inference. The article contains an overview of the main aspects of Relevance theory exemplified by contexts with implicit temporality. The preliminary classification of implicit means of temporal location of an action, which includes lexical, grammatical and contextual implicit means, is also provided. The article also provides analysis of the addressee’s perception of implicit time information in accordance with its relevance. The article also dwells on the problem of how a person decides that an utterance is of informative and cognitive value (that is relevant) and hence must be processed. Besides, the author looks into the factors that affect the relevance of an utterance (for instance its broad communicative context, by which we understand both communicants’ background knowledge about the language, the situation of communication and the world) and cites situations in which informative relevance decreases resulting in mistakes in information processing and the addressor’s informative and communicative failures. The author also attempts to demonstrate the prospects of further integration of the conceptual framework of Relevance theory and other cognitive and pragmatic linguistic theories, the theory of presuppositions and mental spaces in particular. Besides, the author looks into the terminological inexactitude of such notions as ‘implicature’ (implication) and ‘explicature’ and also suggests considering the application of weak implicatures to the analysis of inferential mistakes.

Лингвокультурологический потенциал пресуппозиционного компонента лексических единиц моделирования культурного пространства (на материале немецкого языка)

The paper examines the linguocultural features of the influence of presupposition on the modelling of the cultural space of a literary text. The analysis of the presuppositional component of linguistic units expressed by various lexico-semantic means contributes to the identification of extralinguistic information in the text. The aim of the research is to determine the linguocultural potential of presupposition in the text based on the analysis of the features of lexical units and their contextual relations reflecting the specifics of culturally relevant elements in Daniel Kehlmann’s novel “Tyll”. The scientific originality of the research lies in applying the theory of presupposition to the linguistic modelling of the cultural space of a literary text. The research findings showed that the presupposition of culture-specific lexical units contextually interacts with other intra- and inter-lexical means and participates in the formation of a model of the cultural space of the text as a hierarchically structured system of culturally contingent meanings. The combination of the denotative, connotative and other types of semantic meaning of lexemes determines the isolation of linguoculturemes in a literary text, which makes it possible to gradually explore the cultural space of the analysed German historical novel.

Investigating Iraqiʼs Election Propaganda Photos

The current study explores the phenomena of election propaganda photos. A political slogan is viewed as one of the most important ways for political parties and candidates to communicate with voters, particularly when party identification is declining. Political advertising in Iraq began with the use of posters, flyers, and other printed materials. The present study sheds light on how candidates and political parties in Iraq communicate with their audiences. It studies Iraqi election propaganda photos from a pragmatic point of view and takes Yuleʼs theory (1996) of presupposition as a model for data analysis. The data concerning the candidates are chosen from different Iraqi provinces to investigate those electoral campaigns pragmatically. Furthermore, this study deals with various aspects in terms of the expressions used for the purpose of influencing the voter's decision for the right candidate.

The Reason Why Antecedent Negation Works

In the first-order logic, previous studies demonstrate that the negation of the antecedent is invalid to negate the consequent in sufficient conditionals. This paper justifies some particular cases of it with a concrete example "If I have enough money, I will buy a car." by using the semantic presupposition theory, the pragmatic presupposition theory and the Cooperative Principle. In this example, sufficient conditional can be proven sufficient and necessary so that the denial of the original condition can work effectively. Then this paper discusses that there are limitations to this method. It is demanding and can become unworkable by even only changing one verb. Only if there is a unique and biconditional relationship between the antecedent and the consequence can it be proven that the negation of the antecedent works. In addition, this paper expands on this, using the relevance theory in linguistics to try to eliminate some of the strict constraints of the biconditional relationship. Sometimes the particularly strong cause will exceed the other weak causes so that the case will be temporarily viewed as a biconditional case, which is limited to daily conversations. Therefore, it is able to be applied to the main argument.

An Analysis of Presuppositions in the Victory Speech of President Joe Biden

"Pragmatics is the study of the meaning of a speaker's utterance," according to Yule (1996:3).At the same time it’s the hearer, who deduces the meaning of the utterance from the context of what the speaker wants to convey. Speakers generally make indirect assumptions about the true picture of the situation in everyday status quo, and the meaning or comprehension of what is stated may be altered by the speaker's preconceptions (Haji, and Mohammed, 2019). On this note the notion of presupposition arises. Presupposition is defined as the speaker's implicit but communicated assumption. (Levinson, 1983) As a corollary, the intent of this present descriptive qualitative study is to investigate many types of presuppositions, their triggers and their relevance in Joe Biden's Victory Speech. Additionally, this discourse analysis research investigates what types of presuppositions, and their triggers are used by Biden, as well as it explores in depth the most prominent type of presupposition in the chosen speech. Yule's theory of presupposition classifies presupposition into six categories: existential presupposition, factual presupposition, lexical presupposition, structural presupposition, non-factual presupposition, and counterfactual presupposition. The study's data is comprised of statements that involve presupposition triggers. Levinson's list of lexical and syntactic triggers is adapted to identify presuppositions.The analysis of Biden’s speech has shown that the president heavily depends on lexical level triggers that have ranked first scoring eight hundred ninety-four occurrences, this means that this level triggers have effect on the speech. The topmost sub category trigger is Noun clauses that are the most prominent one with 683 occurrences. There were one hundred and eleven syntactic level triggers amongst which thirty-four of them are temporal clauses. It was also determined that, like every other speech, Biden's speech is laden with existential presupposition type (82.28%) and every other type of presuppositions has been identified in the president’s speech. The finding of a large number of triggers in this work would aid both linguistic and pedagogical domains.

Analysis of the Relationship Between Presupposition Theory and Humour Generation—Taking Automobile Advertising as an Example

Analysis of the Relationship Between Presupposition Theory and Humour Generation—Taking Automobile Advertising as an Example

Analysis of Prespect on Buddykuofficial Instagram Comments about Teddy Minahasa

One of the media used in sharing news is Instagram. In Instagram media there is a comment column for the public to freely comment on the news being shared. Within these comments there are several types of presuppositions. That way the author wants to do an analysis to describe the types of presuppositions contained in the comments on the upload of the official Buddyku Instagram account on October 19, 2022 about the news about Teddy Minahasa. The amount of data is 20 sentences of Instagram comments that are screenshots that are transcribed. The data in this study were analyzed based on George Yule's presupposition theory which divides presuppositions into 6 types of presuppositions. The results showed that of the 6 types of presuppositions according to George Yule, only 5 types of presuppositions were found in the comments on the Buddykuoffficial Instagram account upload on 19 October 2022 about the Teddy Minahasa news, namely existential presuppositions, factual presuppositions, lexical presuppositions, structural presuppositions, and counterfactual presuppositions. The most common type of presupposition is structural presupposition which is indicated by the form of interrogative sentences. Thus it is concluded that in expressing a comment on news uploads from the Buddykuofficial Instagram account, many people use a type of structural presupposition with the intention of the comment writer stating a fact with a question sentence. The fact is that police officers and lawyers in Indonesia cannot be trusted.

Presuppositions of Social Activism in Marcus Rashford’s Open Letter

This study analyzed the presuppositions in Marcus Rashford's open letter to the UK government regarding free school meals for children all over UK during the outbreak of Covid-19. His open letter is an essential part of social activism in a changing society. It was written with enthusiasm, optimism, and positivity for a new future. The study is conducted to fill the gap between the previous studies since no research has analyzed an open letter before. This study used Yule's theory (1996) of presuppositions and Cutting (2002) to analyze the data found in the letter. The results of the study found that the open letter used four kinds of presuppositions, which is existential, factive, lexical, and counterfactual presuppositions. Rashford was able to provide the audience with new data as an addition to the material they already knew by utilizing those presuppositions. Additionally, it refutes a common misconception. In this case, the UK government's stance is successfully influenced.

The Realization of Presupposition Triggers in the Types of Presupposition in Articles by Non-Native English Writers

This research was conducted with attention to the examination of presuppositions in the journal articles published by non-native English writers’ case study Kurdish researchers. The study mainly intends to highlight the presupposition triggers, the nature of presupposition, and recognition of presupposition triggers in a particular presupposition in publications by Kurdish scholars. The significance of the thesis is to lead people to understand presuppositions in the writing language and to learn more about how presuppositions are triggered by native Kurdish writers. Students of linguistics may benefit from this research. The outcomes of the study are expected to be theoretically and practically helpful and relevant, especially for those specialized. The research focuses on publications by non-native English writers or authors from the Kurdistan region of Iraq. There is a plan to compile the journal text from 2000 to 2021. The researcher in this research relies on theories of presupposition triggers by Levinson. This paper intends to provide a comprehensive scrutiny of journal papers. A descriptive, yet qualitative study is thereby adopted for randomly selected articles by non-native English writers from Kurdish writers. During the data analysis of the 10 articles by non-native writers in relation to all thirteen categories of presupposition triggers, which have been identified in the Kurdish writers’ articles, a number of conclusions are reached. The most prominent finding is that definite description is the most presupposition trigger that is found. However, verbs of judging have the least appearance.

A Pragmatic Analysis of Coronavirus Pandemic in Selected Iraqi Caricature Posters

Abstract
 A caricature is a drawing, the artist who draws it is a creative person who tries to send messages in a sarcastic way. This study is dedicated to investigate some selected Iraqi caricatures as one of the effective tools that have implied or hidden meanings. This study also tries to fill in the gap of the misunderstanding of the aims of the caricatures that have been taken from Iraqi newspapers. It also aims at identifying and explaining the elements of the pragmatic level of analysis for the selected coronavirus caricature posters. The researchers adopt Hymes’ SPEAKING model (1974), Grice’s Implicature theory (1975), and Yule’s Presupposition theory (1996). The study uses a qualitative method in collecting and analysing data. The selected data that will be analysed are three caricatures. The study concludes the importance of the pragmatic aspects in revealing the meaning of the texts in caricature posters by using different theories of pragmatics.

Presuppositions in Taglines of Car Advertisements and the Implication to Language of Marketing Strategy

This research is under the pragmatic studies particularly focusing on the use of presuppositions found in 12 newspaper car advertisements. The researcher used descriptive research method because all the data is obtained from the taglines on advertisement displays and is reviewed based on theory of presuppositions. The data sources include newspaper Pikiran Rakyat and Pasundan Express, and the analysis is based on the theory proposed by Yule (1996) about the type presuppositions to find out the types frequently used in the car advertisements. The result shows that there are three types of presupposition used, namely, 7 existential (50%), 2 factive (14.3%), and 5 lexical (35.7%). The type of presupposition mostly used is Existential Presupposition because existential is the assumption that convey the existence of the car.

Challenges for independence-driven and context-repair responses to the proviso problem

This note presents challenge cases for prominent pragmatic responses to the proviso problem. I offer examples of uses of conditionals if psi,,phi_{P} that seem to commit the speaker unconditionally to the presupposition P of the consequent clause ϕ, even though the sentence’s predicted semantic presupposition ψ⊃P is antecedently satisfied (contrary to context-repair accounts), and independence between ψ and P isn’t antecedently assumed (contrary to independence-driven accounts). The examples provided avoid problems with other examples from the literature used against pragmatic accounts. I leave the matter as an unresolved challenge for satisfaction theories of presupposition.

PRESUPPOSITION FOUND IN THE BBC NEWS: CORONA VIRUS IN INDONESIA

The aim of the study was to identify and analyze the types of presupposition implied in the BBC news of corona virus in Indonesia. In this research, the researchers used descriptive qualitative research as the research design. The research design was conducted to design is a qualitative approach in which express the outcome in words and provide an explanation of the result. In collecting the data, the researchers used the observational method and non-participatory technique by Sudaryanto (1993). In analyzing data, the researchers applied pragmatic identity method and distributional method. As for the theory, the researchers used the presupposition theory proposed by Yule (1996). The types are existential, factive, non- factive, lexical, structural and the counter factual presupposition. The research was existing in the BBC news “Indonesia corona virus”. The research found the types of presupposition are existential, factive, non- factive, lexical, structural and the counter factual presupposition. The most type of presupposition which could be found is existential presupposition.

Hashtag Black Lives Matter’s Tweets as Education Media Messages

TThe objectives of this study are to discover the various types of and the most frequently presuppositions used in the hashtag black lives matter's tweets as the education media messages on Twitter anchoring in Yule's theory of presupposition. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach to elucidate and comprehend the meaning of utterance words in individuals or groups associated with a social or human problem. The analysis of the data used both qualitative and quantitative methods. The researcher discovered that existential presuppositions are the most frequently used type of presupposition in hashtag black lives matter's tweets, accounting for 41%. The factive presupposition is the second most frequently used type, accounting for 26 %. The lexical presupposition is the third most frequently used type of presupposition, accounting for 24%. The fourth position is occupied by the structural presupposition, which contains 11 data points out of 100 (8%), and the final position is occupied by the counterfactual presupposition, which contains one data 0,75%. This hashtag teaches law enforcement officers to investigate legal cases before imposing punishment.

THE ANALYSIS OF PRESUPPOSITION IN “MALEFICENT” MOVIE

The aim of this study is to identify the type and the meaning of presupposition found in Maleficent movie. The writer used qualitative research method to analyze this movie. The data was taken from the characters utterance in the movie and English script for supporting data. The writer applied the theory of presupposition and context that was developed by Yule (1996) to do the analysis of presupposition from the characters in Maleficent movie. This research tried to classify the utterance based on the six types of presupposition and the implied meaning behind it. The writer discovered that there were six types of presupposition found in Maleficent movie which are 67 existential presupposition, 22 structural presupposition, 8 factive presupposition, 6 lexical presupposition, 3 counterfactual presupposition, 2 non-factive presupposition. Existential become the most used presupposition because the characters in the Maleficent movie often talk about the existence of something, such as person, thing, and place. The writer also discovered that the utterance that consist presupposition have implied meaning that is not stated by the speaker.

Pragmatic Presupposition in Interpersonal Communication—a Case Study of Lovers' Dialogue

Abstract: Pragmatic presupposition is a common linguistic phenomenon in natural language. In real life, an increasing number of people begin to use pragmatic presupposition to carry out interpersonal communication, so as to make the expression richer and more accurate. However, while the appropriate use of pragmatic presupposition is related to the effectiveness of communication, many people cannot attach great importance to the significance of pragmatic presupposition and fail to understand its role in interpersonal communication. This paper takes pragmatic presupposition theory as the theoretical basis and lovers' dialogues as an example to analyze the application of pragmatic presupposition in a specific context with the aim of helping people fully understand pragmatic presupposition theory and promote the effect of interpersonal communication in specific contexts.
 Key Words: pragmatic presupposition, dialogue, boyfriend and girlfriend, interpersonal communication

Нуждается ли эпистемология в исследовании эмпирических фактов?

The author has investigated the discussion about the way of elaborating epistemological problems: is it necessary to preserve traditional philosophical problems and methods of analysis or it is better to give up philosophical ways of thinking and to begin developing epistemology as empirical science. The author defends the thesis that now epistemology is engaging in an intensive dialogue with cognitive sciences, that presupposes mutual enrichment and mutual criticism. At the same time epistemology doesn’t lose its normative function, as it a critically analyses the presuppositions of theories in cognitive sciences. In this connection the theory of social relay races bу outstanding Russian philosopher M.A. Rozov is being analyzed.

Mental Space Theory on Presupposition Projections in Advertisements

In this economic society in which information is prevailing, advertisements are found here and there, and play a very important role in our daily life. More and more importance is attached to the research of advertising language. This paper reveals presupposition projection problems in advertising, especially in English advertising. It aims to explore the explanation of mental space theory for cancellation or inheritability of presupposition in advertising, that is, the projection problem of presupposition. Different from how traditional presupposition theory is used in seeking for a reasonable explanation for projection problems, this paper will investigate in detail projection problems in advancing from the perspective of Fauconnier's mental space theory in combination with large quantities of advertisement examples.

An Analysis of Police Interrogation from the Perspective of Presupposition: A Case Study of Jodi Arias Case

Nowadays, as crimes have become increasingly complicated, it is difficult for interrogators to find out all the criminal facts before interrogation, so that interrogation becomes a significant process to clear up some facts and prove whether the interrogated is guilty or not. However, some criminals always conceal the criminal facts and resist interrogation. This difficulty decides that interrogators need some interrogatory skills to elicit some criminal facts from the suspect. Presupposition is one of the interrogatory skills frequently used by interrogators so that it is very necessary to study interrogatory language from the perspective of presupposition. However, the literature review indicates that few research studies police interrogation from the perspective of presupposition. Therefore, this paper is to apply presupposition theory classified by Yule (2000) to analyze interrogatory language in Jodi Arias case. Specifically, it is to analyze how interrogators make use of presuppositions to elicit more information and explore the functions of presuppositions in investigatory interrogation. In order to address the problem, this paper employs both quantitative and qualitative method to analyze police interrogation in Jodi Arias case. The results show that there are five types of presuppositions identified in the selected data, that is, existential presupposition, factive presupposition, lexical presupposition, structural presupposition, counter-factual presupposition, and their frequency varies from each other. Secondly, presupposition enables the interrogatory language to be more concise and euphemistic and presupposition help the interrogators increase the pervasive effect and presupposition can help set a trap for the suspect to admit his or her guilt. This study will enlarge the application scope of presupposition and even linguistics and help interrogator employ presupposition into interrogation and improve their interrogation skills.