Theoretical Schema Research Articles

Social and cultural geographies of economic innovation: Proliferation of meanings, articulation with user cultures, and dialectical power relations

Sociocultural mechanisms figure prominently in geographical accounts of economic innovation. At their heart lies a theoretical schema comprising relational assets and market rationality. This paper proposes an alternative epistemological framework for understanding social and cultural geographies of economic innovation by integrating the diverse actors, motives, power dynamics, and contexts that shape contemporary knowledge economies and technoscapes into a coherent theoretical unity. Specifically, three theoretical inquiries are proposed to explore the mutual constitution between socio-spatial dynamics of economic innovation and proliferating meaning systems adopted by knowledge workers, lived material cultures of users, and dialectical power relations inherent in knowledge economies.

An unmethodical method: Contextualising the critical essay

This paper charts a theoretical and literary genealogy for what I term the critical essay, which I define as a literary essay that includes analysis of an artwork amongst its objects of inquiry. After briefly outlining the increasing prevalence of the critical essay in contemporary letters, I review theoretical schemas surrounding the critical essay, and grapple with the terminological slippage of labels like “essay” and “criticism”. Drawing from Marxist and feminist schools of literary studies, I argue that alternative forms of critical writing have generally been propounded not as literary modes but rather as scholarly revolts against disciplinary strictures. I argue that such alternative forms of critical writing share a desire to invent modes of analysis and expression capable of challenging dominant class, race and/or gendered ideologies. I go on to propose that the critical essay may be capable of disrupting the epistemological frameworks undergirding public criticism, making space for writers who, due to their subject positions, have not historically been conferred critical authority.

DREAM On, DREAM Off: A Review of the Estrogen Paradox in Luminal A Breast Cancers.

It is generally assumed that all estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers proliferate in response to estrogen and, therefore, examples of the estrogen-induced regression of ER+ cancers are paradoxical. This review re-examines the estrogen regression paradox for the Luminal A subtype of ER+ breast cancers. The proliferative response to estrogen is shown to depend on the level of ER. Mechanistically, a window of opportunity study of pre-operative estradiol suggested that with higher levels of ER, estradiol could activate the DREAM-MMB (Dimerization partner, Retinoblastoma-like proteins, E2F4, and MuvB-MYB-MuvB) pathway to decrease proliferation. The response of breast epithelium and the incidence of breast cancers during hormonal variations that occur during the menstrual cycle and at the menopausal transition, respectively, suggest that a single hormone, either estrogen, progesterone or androgen, could activate the DREAM pathway, leading to reversible cell cycle arrest. Conversely, the presence of two hormones could switch the DREAM-MMB complex to a pro-proliferative pathway. Using publicly available data, we examine the gene expression changes after aromatase inhibitors and ICI 182,780 to provide support for the hypothesis. This review suggests that it might be possible to integrate all current hormonal therapies for Luminal A tumors within a single theoretical schema.

Photonic transistor based on a coupled-cavity system with polaritons.

We investigate the transmission of probe fields in a coupled-cavity system with polaritons and propose a theoretical schema for realizing a polariton-based photonic transistor. When probe light passes through such a hybrid optomechanical device, its resonant point with Stokes or anti-Stokes scattered effects, intensity with amplification or attenuation effects, as well as group velocity with slow or fast light effects can be effectively controlled by another pump light. This controlling depends on the exciton-photon coupling and single-photon coupling. We also discover an asymmetric Fano resonance in transparency windows under the strong exciton-photon coupling, which is different from general symmetric optomechanically induced transparency. Our results open up exciting possibilities for designing photonic transistors, which may be useful for implementing polariton integrated circuits.

TELAAH HISTORIS TERHADAP TEORI EVOLUSI CHARLES DARWIN DITINJAU DARI REVOLUSI SAINS THOMAS S. KUHN

<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This article specifically describes how a scientific theory is formed and placed as an epistemic truth, even in the end it becomes a paradigm that influences scientific methodologies in various different scientific fields. This is in line with the scientific revolution proposed by Thomas S. Kuhn. The discussion in this article will focus on the development of the theory of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin in the field of biology, viewed from the perspective of the scientific revolution of Thomas S. Kuhn. This effort was made because in its development, Darwin's theory of evolution has historically been the starting point for theoretical revolutions in the field of biology, and even in other scientific fields. This historical explanation of how the development process of Darwin's theory of evolution shifted, and even undermined previous scientific theories, became a starting point for a radical theoretical transformation in the development of science which was viewed from Kuhn's analysis through his theoretical schema of the revolution of a scientific theory. This becomes very important for researchers and the general public, especially to provide an explanation that the epistemic truth in science is not a sudden speculative knowledge, as is the ontological truth in religious knowledge and cultural knowledge. The methodical approach used in this article will use a historical continuity approach, heuristics, and interpretation. The type of analysis in this article falls into the analysis of scientific theory. This article was written with the aim of providing a description, evidence, and argument that the paradigm shift of science from the pre-Darwinian evolutionary period to the Darwinian evolutionary period is a description of a radical theoretical transformation process that occurs instantly in a scientific field, which in Kuhn's thinking is passed through The main phases are normal science, anomaly, crisis, and scientific revolution.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> The Theory of Evolution, Scientific Revolution, Charles Darwin, Thomas S. Kuhn, Epistemic Truth</p>

Risky businesses: economic crisis in Argentina and the generative power of generations.

How are risk orientations shaped in the sphere of work beyond proximate structuring institutions? In the absence of clear organizational imperatives or institutional supports, what provides the broad contours of a workable imaginary? Using interview data from small business owners in Argentina, I show that the form and content of generational memories of crisis influence the uptake of entrepreneurial discourse and apprehensions of economic risk. Older business owners draw upon their collective memory of the 2001–2002 economic crisis to engage in a process of adversarial personification that posits the macroeconomy as a cunning enemy and positions them as strategic actors. Conversely, younger small business owners—who did not live through these economic shocks as small business owners—draw upon the entrepreneurial ethos that they collectively cultivate through generational communities of practice to engage in a process of empowered distancing that minimizes the severity of economic crisis. Using Kenneth Burke’s theoretical schema to identify grammars of motive and action, I show how older business owners deploy a generationally shared narrative to develop a conceptualization of economic agency that does not derive from the entrepreneurial ethos. By arguing that collective memory generates economic subject positions, this article demonstrates that the “use value” of collective memory lies not only in its uptake by politicians, journalists, and activists engaged in political projects, but also in the everyday ways that economic actors use narratives about the past to develop strategies of risk management in the present.

Experiencing Theory, Theorizing Methodology: Teaching Anthropology through Short-Time Ethnographic Fieldwork Projects in Multi-Disciplinary Academic Contexts

Often enough, Anthropology seems as an ‘abstract’ discipline, especially when students of other social sciences or humanities try to get acquainted with its theory, methodology or the main anthropological discussion in general. Under these specific conditions, ‘teaching Anthropology’ becomes a task of high difficulty without a simultaneous ethnographic practice in the ‘field’. It is this specific ‘rite de passage’ which makes students under training in Anthropology seek theoretical schemas and methodological tools in order to ‘experience’ theory and ‘theorize’ methodology. In this paper we present ethnographic material collected from various teaching contexts where Anthropology is neither the main academic background nor the stated educational outcome for students taking the courses. In these courses, anthropological knowledge comes to the surface through an empirical engagement with ethnographic practice as an applied theory in a research project. This connection between theory and practice brings Anthropology to the foreground, since it engages students with both - the procedure of “doing field work” (something substantial for Anthropology) and their own social experience within this process. The ethnographic material for this reflective approach derives from various academic contexts where we have experienced the emergence of this type of learning. This includes ethnographic and anthropological courses (undergraduate or postgraduate) at the Department of History and Ethnology in Democritus University of Thrace Greece, and field trips including ethnographic exercise for the students and the Konitsa Summer School for Anthropology, Ethnography and Comparative Folklore of the Balkans, organized by the Border Crossings Network in collaboration with the University of Ioannina and the Municipality of Konitsa, Greece, at the Greek-Albanian border.

Influence of perceived stress on health-promoting behaviors in patients with metabolic syndrome: the multiple mediating roles of adaptability and social support.

: To explore the potential associations between perceived stress and health-promoting behaviors based on the theoretical schema of the middle-range theory of adaptation to chronic illness. From January to May 2021, a convenience sampling method was used to recruit 230 young and middle-aged patients with metabolic syndrome who underwent physical examination in the inpatient center of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The Health-Promoting Health Profile-Ⅱ, Chinese Perceived Stress Scale, Coping and Adaptation Processing Scale-Short Form, and Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were used in the cross-sectional study. The chain mediation effect procedure and bootstrap sampling test were used to examine the mediating role of adaptability and social support between perceived stress and health-promoting behaviors. The mean score of health-promoting behaviors was 100.0±14.6, the mean score of perceived stress was 22.0± 6.9, the mean score of adaptability was 47.0±6.1, and the mean score of social support was 63.8±10.8. Perceived stress had a negative impact on patients' health-promoting behaviors (=-0.309, <0.05). The adaptability (effect size= -0.112, 95%:-0.199~-0.038) and social support (effect size= -0.032, 95%:-0.083~played a mediating role and a chain mediating role in the process of perceived stress influencing patients' health-promoting behaviors (effect size= -0.045, 95%:-0.093~-0.020). Adaptability and social support play an intermediary role between perceived stress and health-promoting behaviors in young and middle-aged patients with metabolic syndrome. Healthcare professionals can motivate patients to develop healthy behaviors by developing intervention strategies on adaptability and social support.

Impact of AI technologies on organisational learning: proposing an organisation cognition schema

PurposeThe work depicts an organizational learning schema, which reflects on the cognition structure of workplaces during the integration of AI-powered technologies.Design/methodology/approachThis paper summarizes the most recent advances on organizational cognition from organizational studies. The article tries to capture how learning is impacted at the individual level and organization level, with incorporation of AI technologies.FindingsThe theoretical schema on organizational cognition could be studied and integrated to fill this gap and support an effective and smooth transition from electronic, computer-based industries (characteristics of the third industrial revolution) to AI powered enterprises.Originality/valueIt's one of the first works to discuss organization learning along with AI technologies.

Kāvya’s Repeat Performances

Largely left underexplored in rasa studies has been an implication made in the middle of the tenth century that śāntarasa eludes theorization with respect to the theater (nāṭya) but may function within an exclusive theory of poetry (kāvya). A discussion in the Daśarūpaka (“The Ten Dramatic Forms”) and its commentary cryptically imply in the fourth chapter of that work that if śāntarasa is viable at all as a genre of rasa theory, it is medium-specific to kāvya and not possible in nāṭya. Though śāntarasa is a dubious category for theater theory and pragmatics, they seem to argue, it may be acceptable in poetry through a synergy of two theoretical schemas: poetics and Yoga psychology. Reviewing these arguments opens up a larger conversation about the significance of medium to rasa theory and the inherent limitations for conceiving unified theories of art.

Corporate worship for people with dementia: rituals and sensory stimulation

ABSTRACT This article explores ways of making chapel services more accessible and meaningful for people with dementia through rituals and sensory stimulation. I was a participant-observer for 6 months at weekly chapel services at an aged care home in Sydney, Australia, and interviewed residents after those services. I also led small group sessions where residents engaged in ‘Ignatian meditation’ on a Biblical narrative. The theoretical schema for this research is von Hügel’s three 'Elements of Religion.' The best way to respond to the diminution of the 'Intellectual Element' for people with dementia is to increase the attention and nurture we give to the other two “Elements” - the 'Mystical' and the 'Institutional.' Focusing particularly upon the 'Institutional Element' through rituals and sensory stimulation can enhance experiences of God for people with dementia during corporate worship.

Exploring the politics of visibility: Technology, digital representation, and the mediated workings of power

Abstract For the better part of the past decade, global social movements have drawn popular attention to the power of image production and acts of representation, particularly the ways ubiquitous cameras challenge the exercise of power This essay lays out a theoretical schema for interrogating a broader “politics of visibility” at work in the early twenty-first century, most readily apparent through the activities of smartphone-enabled and visually-savvy activists. As new media technologies have opened up new strategies of representation, these modes of representation have been incorporated into existing media practices that delimit the ways in which the consequentiality of various movements and political projects can be understood. Theoretically revisiting the concept of visibility, this essay critiques the relationship between technology and the production of knowledge in media studies before arguing that the visibility of an event presages a consequentiality partially determined by the ways in which it is rendered perceptible and thus, intelligible.

The Problem of "Core Moral Beliefs" as the Ground of Conscientious Objection.

Mark Wicclair's defense of conscientious objection is grounded in an effort to respect the core moral beliefs of health care providers. While such a theoretical schema has merit, this paper argues that core moral beliefs should not serve as the basis of conscientious objection in health care because we, as a community, lack reliable access to a person's core moral beliefs and because individuals are prone to be confused about the scope and extent of their core moral beliefs. Furthermore, a person's confusion over their core moral beliefs is likely to be exacerbated when they lack time to investigate those beliefs and are under heightened external pressure to do so-both conditions frequently encountered by health care providers. Finally, the paper considers whether grounding conscientious objection in core moral beliefs might have the unintended consequence of further entrenching the practical problems that the move is aiming to solve.

Teachers and Creativity: The Role of Internal Motives

In this paper we investigate whether and to what extent teachers’ values function as internal motives that shape their involvement with innovation and Innovative Programs. Linking Amabile’s theoretical schema with Super’s concept of work values, our aim is to detect the features of this shaping. The research has a dual aim: on the one hand to examine the extent to which teachers are receptive to innovation and Innovative Programs and on the other, to analyze the role played in this by work and educational values. From our research it emerged that the more the teachers are governed by the values of offering something, autonomy and sociocentric relationships with colleagues, the more likely is their involvement with educational innovation.

The People's Climate March: Environmental populism as political genre

Contemporary political ecological research on populism has demonstrated how authoritarian and strongarm tactics come to be hitched to reductive symbolic representations of “the people,” often with disastrous environmental impacts. Advocates of “left-populism” argue that such research can give the erroneous impression that “populism” and “authoritarianism” are essentially synonymous. Skeptical of formalist arguments, Gramscians argue that populism, as a quite variegated and fundamentally spatial phenomenon, must be viewed historically, in situ. But all three arguments share a quick assessment of populism, without always attending to its embedded multiplicity. Bringing together insights from Stuart Hall and Lauren Berlant, this article seeks to expand geographical understandings of the dynamic forms and styles of environmental politics by proposing thinking of populism as a political genre. This theoretical schema helps to cut through formalist versus historicist debates while directing attention to the affective scenes through which populism is performed. In order to demonstrate the utility of examining populism's genre and scenes, I examine political essays written surrounding the 2014 People’s Climate March. Essays debated activist expectations concerning political subjectivity, tactics, scales of action, signifiers, and aesthetics for best confronting global inequality and the climate crisis alike. Through contesting the meaning of “the people” and “populism,” divergent leftist political interpretations both repeated and tweaked generic populist forms. By examining the performative construction and contestation of “the people” through languages and spaces of climate action, I advocate a humble yet still critical political ecological approach to understanding contemporary populism.

Riot, Strike, Commune: Gendering a Civil War

Abstract This article departs from Joshua Clover’s historical and theoretical schema that locates riots and strikes within the categories of circulation and production struggles, moving from the categories of capital’s reproduction to the reproduction of the proletariat. Here it offers the commune as the exemplary form of the category of reproduction struggle. The commune is understood not as an intentional community of withdrawal but as something like counter-reproduction, able not just to reproduce itself but to strike at capital as an antagonistic force — striking at the vital exposure of an increasingly circulation-centered capitalism. Crucial examples are encampments against extractive capital such as Standing Rock or the ZAD. The article shows how political sovereignty and economic circulation are entirely entangled, pointing to the ways that social movements have looked upon them as separate domains. Therefore, the commune is a process at the crux of the political and the economic, overcoming the tendency to prefer one or the other. Finally, the article discusses the gendered aspect of the sphere of reproduction that makes possible the double confrontation of counter-reproduction.

Interpretive Community, Intersubjective Experiences, and Supervisees’ Paradoxes

Contemporary theorists believe that each expert's discourse has meaning only in the context of an interpretive community. For therapists, the analytic community serves this purpose, helping them to construct their patients’ experiences and to hold inherent intersubjective paradoxes; the community provides them with a vantage point from which they learn to acknowledge, tolerate, and accept these paradoxes. I will examine the role of this vantage point in holding one of the central paradoxes for therapists: the uniqueness of each therapeutic relationship which urges them to ‘reinvent psychoanalysis’ with each patient, and its similarity to other therapeutic relationships which urges them to draw on the analytic community's theoretical schemas. I will suggest that supervisors help their supervisees in this internal struggle by representing the analytic community's vantage point and by holding a parallel paradox: the uniqueness of each supervisory relationship, which urges them to ‘reinvent’ the theory of supervision for each supervisee, and its similarity to other supervisory relationships, which urges them to draw on the analytic community's theoretical supervisory schemas. Reasonably, the supervisors’ capacity to hold these paradoxes is gradually internalized by their supervisees, facilitating their growth as therapists.

Gaze and tourist-host relationship – state of the art

PropósitoEl propósito de esta investigación es ofrecer una reseña actualizada de la mirada del turista y proponer nuevas agendas de investigación sobre las diversas miradas que funcionan activamente en los destinos.Diseño/metodología/métodoEste estudio revisó de manera exhaustiva y sistemática la literatura existente sobre la mirada del turista mediante la recopilación de estudios e investigaciones relacionados. El análisis del conocimiento actual está enfocado en la mirada del turista y en el marco tripartito entre las tres principales partes interesadas.ResultadosA través del examen exhaustivo de los estudios existentes, se desarrolló un modelo teórico de la mirada del turista. El marco revela el objecto de la mirada del turista, ya sea iniciada por el turista y/o por el anfitrión, y las interacciones entre ambos. Junto con los cinco tipos principales de mirada (turista, intra-turista, local, mutua e inversa), el marco tripartito entre las partes interesadas se reveló a detalle.Originalidad/valorLa reseña bibliográfica ofrece una comprensión a fondo de la investigación y los estudios sobre la mirada del turista, lo cual representa el primer intento de delinear las relaciones entre las partes interesadas. Además, en el estudio se proponen prioridades de investigación relacionadas a la relación turista-anfitrión para el desarrollo de futuras experiencias turísticas.

Spór o filozoficzne źródła politycznej teorii wojny Carla von Clausewitza. W kręgu interpretacji współczesnych

The aim of this article was to discuss basic concepts of Clausewitz philosophy of war. At first, I wanted to present and criticize some older interpretations of philosophical assumptions which founded theoretical schema of On war. In the next part, I presented some recent interpretations based on the distinction between “early” and “old” (or “mature”) Clausewitz. They gave us new look on few theoretical problems included in Prussian’s general works and his attitude to many important Enlightenment philosophers like Kant and Hegel. Finally, I tried to prove that Clausewitz theory has dialectical character, which makes it open and worth further developments.

Rothwell’s augmented generations of innovation theory: Novel theoretical insights and a proposed research agenda

Background: Technological advances necessitate the reconceptualisation of certain seminal theory. Novel developments in Internet and Communication Technologies have disrupted certain markets, industries and processes. Objectives: Rothwell’s seminal generations of innovation typology provides a categorisation of advances in innovation theory. In so doing, it provides an overarching logic that relates these advances to a production function, categorising the way each wave of innovation theory has driven the time/cost curve closer to its axis. The objective of this article is to augment this typology to include theory that relates to novel technological advances, with implications for the innovation time/cost curve. Method: As a conceptual article, this work seeks to offer a synthesis of theory, extending Rothwell’s schema to incorporate theory related to novel technological developments. Results: Lacking in Rothwell’s conceptualisation of five generations of innovation is consideration of recent technological advances which necessitate a reformulation of this schema to take into account new scale relationships made possible by recent technological developments. This article seeks to extend Rothwell’s theoretical framework to incorporate these new potentialities. Conclusion: In augmenting Rothwell’s theoretical schema, certain implications for society and industries are predicted, and suggestions are made for a proposed research agenda.