Theme-based Content Analysis Research Articles

Views of Specialist Clinicians and People With Multiple Sclerosis on Upper Limb Impairment and the Potential Role of Virtual Reality in the Rehabilitation of the Upper Limb in Multiple Sclerosis: Focus Group Study.

Finding enjoyable and effective long-term approaches to rehabilitation for improving the upper limb (UL) function of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) is challenging. Using virtual reality (VR) could be a solution to this challenge; however, there is a lack of reporting on the views of people with MS and clinicians on VR-based approaches and recommendations for games for rehabilitation. This study aims to identify common UL problems and their related current therapeutic approaches for people with MS, and to explore the opinions of people with MS and specialist clinicians on VR and obtain suggestions for the development and design of VR games. Separate focus groups were conducted with people with MS, recruited through the MS Society UK's research network, and clinicians, recruited through the MS Trust Therapists in MS network. A total of 10 people with MS (2 focus groups) and 8 clinicians (5 physiotherapists, 2 occupational therapists, and 1 MS nurse in 2 focus groups) were involved. The focus groups were recorded and transcriptions were analyzed using theme-based content analysis. People with MS commonly reported that their UL problems interfered with activities of daily living and resulted in the loss of meaningful hobbies such as writing. Many people with MS neglected UL exercise and found strategies for adapting to the UL impairments. Similarly, clinicians stated UL rehabilitation was neglected within their service and that it was challenging to find interesting treatment strategies. VR was suggested by both participant groups as a solution, as it was convenient for people with MS to access and it could provide a more engaging and disguised approach to exercise. There were shared concerns with cybersickness and disengagement with using VR approaches. Both groups agreed games should be meaningful and adaptable for users but suggested different VR activities, with clinicians suggesting games directly reflecting activities of daily living and people with MS suggesting more abstract activities. VR was well received by both people with MS and clinicians for UL rehabilitation. Recommendations were made for the development of VR rehabilitation games which are personalized and customizable for the varying abilities of people with MS.

On the margins of suicide: everyday horizons, turning points and trajectories of protection in peripheral young women.

Suicidal behavior and non-suicidal self-harm in vulnerable groups and population minorities pose a challenge for suicidology, complicating the universality of suicide. The goal of this paper is to analyze the lives of young women from marginalized communities, considering their experiences with suicidality and their relational and violent horizons. Nine women who took part in the fifth wave of a cohort on mental health and violence (2005-2022) in São Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, were interviewed (2022) about the contexts that kept them from committing suicide despite significant emotional distress from childhood through youth. From theme-based content analysis, three categories stood out and may contribute to an intersectional, decolonial and socially relevant approach to preventing self-destructive behavior. In the first, views on self-inflicted violence, better explained by the cores concepts of "sin" and "illness" than by the general violence they experienced. In the second, indirect references to self-harm behavior, where it was recognized that the use of euphemisms reflects not only the taboo but also the silencing of and discrimination against minorities. In the third, layers of protection and turning points, where "spirituality", "occupation" and "motherhood" were interpreted as the main associations between factors of protection and resilience in the trajectories and daily lives of these young women. A closer look that acknowledges the humanity, rights and psychological distress of groups subjected to violence and discrimination not only enhances care and prevention of suicidal behavior but also deepens understanding of this human and universal phenomenon.

Indigenous and gendered persons and peoples in business ethics education: Intersections of Indigenous wisdoms and de Beauvoirian existentialism

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to explore how business ethics textbooks include Indigenous and gendered persons and peoples and whether they acknowledge Indigenous philosophies and theories. We explore 363 cases from eighteen (18) business ethics textbooks. A form and theme based content analysis was employed to help us better understand the inclusion, obfuscation and omission of Indigenous and gendered persons. A purpose of business ethics education is to disrupt injustice and oppressive practices in business. We find that business ethics education can provide more inclusive and respectful cases as it relates to Indigenous and gendered characters. There are cases that marginalize, obfuscate and omit Indigenous peoples, females, and gender diverse persons. This study contributes to diversity scholarship by identifying ways in which Indigenous and gendered persons and peoples can be included in management and business ethics education.

Impact of the first phase of COVID-19 pandemic on childhood routine immunisation services in Nepal: a qualitative study on the perspectives of service providers and users

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected all essential healthcare services delivery in low-resource settings. This study aimed to explore the challenges and experiences of providers and users of childhood immunisation services in Nepal during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsSemi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with childhood immunisation service providers and users (i.e., parents of children) from Kathmandu valley, Nepal. All interviews were conducted through phone or internet-based tools, such as Zoom, WhatsApp, and messenger. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using theme-based content analysis in an Excel spreadsheet.ResultsA total of 15 participants (n = 7 service providers and n = 8 service users) participated. Six themes were identified, namely: (1) impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on childhood immunisation services; (2) motivation and resilience for childhood immunisation; (3) Biosafety practices and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) availability during the COVID-19 pandemic; (4) service adjustments and guidelines during pandemic; (5) availability of vaccines; and (6) immunisation program resilience in view of COVID-19. Service providers mentioned facing disruptions in services and some parents had decided to delay scheduled immunisation. However, most service providers showed determinations to deliver the services with high morale, while most service users reported taking their children for immunisation. Families migrating from urban to rural areas during the pandemic led to service providers having no means to confirm complete immunisation of migrating children. Service providers also experienced lack of adequate guidance to deal with the pandemic and personal protective equipment to protect themselves and service users.ConclusionDespite experiencing disruptions in childhood immunisation service due to the COVID-19 pandemic, service users and providers were determined to vaccinate the children. There is an urgent need for effective preparedness plans to be in place to address the observed barriers and to ensure resilient immunisation services during ongoing and future pandemics.

Factors influencing quality of life in children with low-flow vascular malformations: a qualitative study using focus groups.

Very few studies have evaluated the quality of life (QoL) of children suffering from low-flow vascular malformations. This is the first study investigating the influencing factors. To identify the factors influencing QoL in children with low-flow vascular malformations. We conducted a qualitative study employing focus group interviews (Clinical Trials Number: NCT03440827). The study was a prospective, interventional, non-comparative, multicentre study performed in four expert centres for vascular anomalies. Qualitative data about personal experiences, feelings, difficulties, needs and various factors influencing behaviours were collected. Theme-based content analysis (manual and specialist textural software guided) were used to analyse the verbatim transcripts of all focus group sessions. Manual qualitative discourse analysis was performed to identify the different themes and categories. Informatics' analyses were subsequently performed for each individual category. Ten focus groups (26 individuals including 10 children aged 11 to 15years) were conducted until saturation. Influencing factors were related to 4 categories: medical care, self-image, social impact on daily activities and challenging social relationships. These factors were responsible for intrafamily upheavals and may lead to future identity-building problems. This study provides an essential framework from which physicians can develop strategies to improve patient care and quality of life. These data may also be useful to develop specific age-sensitive QoL questionnaires.

Clinicians' Initial Experiences of Transition to Online Interdisciplinary Pain Rehabilitation During the Covid-19 Pandemic.

ObjectivePublic health legislation during the CO-VID-19 pandemic has resulted in forced transitioning to the use of remote care in order to continue the provision of pain rehabilitation worldwide. The objective of this study was to gain insight into clinicians’ initial experiences with the provision of interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation via videoconferencing.DesignObservational, cross-sectional design.ParticipantsTwelve team members (specialists in rehabilitation medicine -MD-, psychologists, physiotherapists and occupational therapists) from a tertiary expertise centre in pain rehabilitation.MethodsQuantitative and qualitative data were collected via a digital survey. Theme-based content analysis was performed for qualitative data.ResultsThe themes that emerged were: the compulsory context; prerequisites for proper use of videoconferencing methods, which are strongly associated with the clinicians’ experiences; changes experienced in specific components of pain rehabilitation; and overarching changes experienced, including opportunities and limitations (sub-themes: therapeutic relationship, system involvement, efficiency, hands-on possibilities, interdisciplinary teamwork, and formalities). Overall, clinicians expressed moderate agreement with the statements that the quality of the pain rehabilitation programme can be maintained using videoconferencing, and that the COVID-19 pandemic offers opportunities for growth and innovation in telehealth.ConclusionIt is feasible to provide valid and satisfactory pain rehabilitation via videoconferencing. This study identified facilitators and barriers to the use of videoconferencing, and great potential for integrating aspects of telehealth into standard care after the pandemic.LAY ABSTRACTLegislation during the COVID-19 pandemic forced transitioning to remote care to continue pain rehabilitation treatment. In this study, first experiences with interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation by videoconferencing were gathered. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from team members of a pain rehabilitation team via a digital survey. Overall, clinicians reported that videoconferencing is a valid way to continue care in times when legalisation does not allow for standard face-to-face care. Furthermore, clinicians see opportunities to integrate aspects of telehealth into standard care after the COVID-19 pandemic. However, several limitations and restrictions have been experienced, such as the lack of a physical examination and questions about long-term effectiveness of the treatment. In addition, further investigation is needed to investigate whether pain rehabilitation provided by videoconferencing reaches quality standards of regular care.

Management and dissemination of professional expertise: Physiotherapists’ perceptions of the supervision of dedicated aides working with children with cerebral palsy

ABSTRACTA qualitative study was undertaken to explore pediatric physiotherapists’ perceptions and experiences of supervising dedicated aides responsible for the daily care of preschool children with cerebral palsy. Data were collected using individual semi-structured interviews. A theme-based content analysis yielded three major themes. Supervision and therapy were provided simultaneously, giving supervision a secondary priority. The physiotherapists transitioned their professional language into a common form of language to make the aides understand. The importance of letting aides attain first-person experiences of professional skills was highlighted. Implications of the findings for supervision in pediatric physiotherapy and for future research are addressed.

Participatory design of probability-based decision support tools for in-hospital nurses.

To describe nurses' preferences for the design of a probability-based clinical decision support (PB-CDS) tool for in-hospital clinical deterioration. A convenience sample of bedside nurses, charge nurses, and rapid response nurses (n = 20) from adult and pediatric hospitals completed participatory design sessions with researchers in a simulation laboratory to elicit preferred design considerations for a PB-CDS tool. Following theme-based content analysis, we shared findings with user interface designers and created a low-fidelity prototype. Three major themes and several considerations for design elements of a PB-CDS tool surfaced from end users. Themes focused on "painting a picture" of the patient condition over time, promoting empowerment, and aligning probability information with what a nurse already believes about the patient. The most notable design element consideration included visualizing a temporal trend of the predicted probability of the outcome along with user-selected overlapping depictions of vital signs, laboratory values, and outcome-related treatments and interventions. Participants expressed that the prototype adequately operationalized requests from the design sessions. Participatory design served as a valuable method in taking the first step toward developing PB-CDS tools for nurses. This information about preferred design elements of tools that support, rather than interrupt, nurses' cognitive workflows can benefit future studies in this field as well as nurses' practice.

When participation of children and youth with disabilities is not merely activity: a study of the literature.

This article analyzes the approach to children and adolescent participation in disability studies. Methodologically, it combines a literature review and a theme-based content analysis to look at which dimensions of participation are explored in the literature. As the result of this study we highlight four areas: Sports, Quality of Life/Well-Being, School and Participation Metrics. We find that the focus is on participation as performing activities within a given context, with very few broader discussions about the domain as a human value related to socialization and the development of a support network, the management of independence and levels of dependence.

Recognition of prior learning at the centre of a national strategy: Tensions between professional gains and personal development

This paper focuses on recognition of prior learning as part of a national policy based on European Union guidelines for lifelong learning, and it explains how recognition of prior learning has been perceived since it was implemented in Portugal in 2000. Data discussed are the result of a mixed method research project that surveyed adult learners, some of whom were interviewed, who successfully completed the recognition of prior learning process from 2007 to 2011 in a new opportunities centre. Adult educators, and workplace representatives from the companies in which these adults in the recognition of prior learning process were working, were also part of the survey. A theme-based content analysis was done on the resulting data. Findings revealed tension between the goals of economic and human resource management and the change experienced by these adult learners in their professional status. Based on these results, the closing remarks to this article highlight the tensions caused by the failure of the goals of the policy to which recognition of prior learning was central, and the personal and social changes referred to by learners. Important educational changes were achieved although they were undermined by the adult education policy and European Union guidelines.

How is individualization in constraint-induced movement therapy performed? A qualitative observational study

The aim of the study was to investigate relationships between the design of tasks and impairments in constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) and significant principles of in situ individualization in group-based performance of the intervention, focusing on quality of performance versus compensatory strategies in the more affected upper limb. Non-participatory observations of four individuals undergoing CIMT group training with a physiotherapist were conducted, followed by theme-based content analysis using concepts from practice knowledge and movement analysis as analytical tools. The material was characterized by the physiotherapist focusing on the quality of movements by interacting and making a variety of adjustments. Most tasks were too challenging in terms of shoulder stability and were performed using compensatory strategies. It appeared essential that participants’ could solve the task with optimal movement quality in addition to experiencing meaning and success. In conclusion, the physiotherapist’s individualizations in situ appeared to be based on goal attainment through optimization of movement quality. Interlinking the design of tasks with the individual patient’s underlying impairments, elements from activities in daily life and sense-making seem essential. Impairments occurred owing to high demands of dynamic stability in the shoulder, which may be a reason why participants in CIMT often use compensatory strategies.

Usability Evaluation of the Student Centered e-Learning Environment

<p>Student Centered e-Learning Environment (SCeLE) has substantial roles to support learning activities at Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas Indonesia (Fasilkom UI). Although it has been used for about 10 years, the usability aspect of SCeLE as an e-Learning system has not been evaluated. Therefore, the usability aspects of SCeLE Fasilkom UI as a learning support system and what makes SCeLE Fasilkom UI an ideal system are not known yet. Motivated by the mentioned conditions, the researchers found an urge to conduct a usability evaluation in order to propose a set of recommendation for SCeLE usability improvement, based on usability evaluation reflecting both students and lecturers experience as user.</p><p>In this present research, the usability testing was conducted for SCeLE, targeting learning activities underwent by undergraduate students at Fasilkom UI, in the form of blended mode online learning. The data collection stage in the usability testing was performed by distributing questionnaire to students and interviewing several lecturers and students. The collected data was then analyzed and interpreted to obtain usability problems and solution alternatives. The quantitative data was analyzed using central tendency as reference, while the qualitative data was analyzed using theme-based content analysis. Data interpretation was performed by determining how to handle each kind of data based on the theme, and classifying each of the identified usability problem based on its severity rating.</p><p>The recommendations constructed to solve the usability problems were based on solution alternatives from the analyzed data supported by literature study. The present research comes up with seven main recommendations and an extra recommendation. The main recommendations are solutions to tackle the identified usability problems, while the extra recommendation is not directly related to any of identified usability problems, but was considered potential to improve the SCeLE usability.<br /><br /></p>

Assessing approaches and barriers to reduce antipsychotic drug use in Florida nursing homes

Objectives: Antipsychotic medications have been federally regulated since 1987, yet research suggests they continue to be used inappropriately to alleviate behavioral symptoms associated with dementia. In 2012, the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid launched a new initiative to reduce antipsychotic medication in nursing homes by 15% nationally. The aim of this study was to examine qualitative data to explore strategies that have been implemented, to assess which strategies are evidence-based, and to make recommendations to improve upon practices to reduce antipsychotic medication use.Method: A convenience sample of 276 nursing home professional staff members were surveyed about these topics using open-ended questions.Results: Theme-based content analysis yielded three main themes. The themes related to changes in practice included the following: (1) increased review of resident behavior and antipsychotic medication regimens; (2) reduction in antipsychotic medications or dosage; and (3) increased use of nonpharmacological interventions. The main themes relevant to needed assistance included the following: (1) education; (2) clinical support; and (3) increased financial resources and reimbursement.Discussion: Overall findings indicate that the majority of facilities are actively responding to the initiative, but challenges remain in education, finding mental health support, and in reimbursement.

Symbolism as an expression of religious spiritual development amongst the deaf

Data provided by Indian Census 2011 point to a staggering population of 18 million deaf people in the country. It becomes imperative to explore how the deaf integrate religious spiritual development in their lives since disability of hearing and speech adds an extra brunt on the psyche by limiting its linguistic expression. The essence of religious spiritual development can be understood as the faith that drives a person and guides him or her in times of happiness and grief. Religious spiritual development has been mostly studied amongst the able-bodied and it becomes essential to understand how the congenitally deaf integrate it in their lives. The participants in the study were 40 deaf children and 40 able-bodied children age ranging (10–16 years). The main aim was to explore the religious spiritual development of these children via theme-based content analysis of drawings. Results reveal unique patterns of symbolic manifestations for the two groups.

Cheminements et situations de vie des personnes âgées présentant des troubles mentaux graves : perspectives d’intervenants psychosociaux

Services for elders with severe mental illness (SMI) have major deficiencies, among them a lack of adequate psychosocial services. Some analysts have attributed this situation to "double stigmatization" targeting both ageing and mental illness in our societies. Using qualitative methods (23 semi-directed interviews, theme-based content analysis), our exploratory research aims to understand better the perceptions of psychosocial practitioners working in community and institutional settings about the elderly with SMI and their living situations. Our informants evoke living situations marked by a lack of support (isolation), of resources (financial precariousness/poverty) and of power (learned passivity), traits that are related not only to mental illness per se, but also to long term psychiatric institutionalization. For them, the current situation of elders with SMI is the end product of biographies in which life-course, illness-course and life in services and/or institutions join and, sometimes, become indistinguishable. Implications for psychosocial practices are discussed.

Theme-based content analysis: a flexible method for virtual environment evaluation

Virtual environment and multimedia technology are developing rapidly in many areas. These include visual complexity, the opportunity to provide multi-sensory input and output, affordability and a variety of system designs and applications. Involving the users in the design and development process can result in more appropriate and usable interfaces. In addition, an iterative evaluation throughout the process of technology development can result in a large amount of useful information being gathered from users. However, there can be problems with this—the data collection and analysis process can be time consuming; it can be difficult to report information back to the developers in a meaningful form, and thus the results of the evaluation may not get incorporated into interface design; and some evaluation techniques can be specific to the application (e.g. assessment of learning from an educational virtual environment application) or user group (e.g. people with learning disabilities).This paper presents an evaluation method that has been successfully used in virtual environment and multimedia evaluation at the Virtual Reality Applications Research Team (VIRART), and has overcome some of these problems. Theme-based content analysis (TBCA) is a qualitative method that provides useful, detailed information about user opinions or behaviour, and can also provide general indications of results in the user population by the grouping of data into meaningful categories. A number of different data collection methods can be used (e.g. short interview, open-ended questionnaire questions, observation) allowing the time and expertise of the virtual environment researcher to be most usefully employed, and the needs and abilities of the user population to be met. The analysis process is less time-consuming, and allows both summarization of the results and retention of the raw data. As described in the paper, this flexible method can be applied in a number of different circumstances, with a variety of different virtual reality technologies (desktop, projection or head mounted display (HMD) systems). In addition, the results from this method can be presented in a simple format to allow an easy feedback of user opinions and behaviours to virtual environment developers, providing contextual examples and an indication of the proportion of users experiencing usability problems. This facilitates a direct input of the evaluation data into the virtual environment development process.

Methodes Et Pratiques Formalisees D'Analyse De Contenu Et De Discours Dans La Recherche Sociologique Francaise Contemporaine. Etat Des Lieux Et Essai De Classification

Formalized Methods and Procedures in Content and Discourse Analysis in Contemporary French Sociological Research—State of the Arts and a Classification Attempt. An initial awareness is needed of the debates regarding the choice of research approaches in sociology and the diversity and specificity of methods currently being used in the domain of textual data analysis in France. In general the influence of the French socio-linguistic tradition looms large, including, on the one hand, the older works of Michel Pécheux on the “discursive formations” and his A.A.D. (Analyse Automatique du Discours, 1969), and on the other hand, two main perspectives of the “Ecole Française d'Analyse du/de Discours”—which refer to the speech actconcept and to the problematics of enunciation, and emphasizes the processes and “sociodiscursive practices” between socially-located speakers. Such theoretical conceptions and specific requirements lead to build on methodologies different from the classic, theme-based content analysis, though not yet translated into an operational software. Then the main software developments currently having an impact (at least potential) on practices of computer-aided sociological analysis of textual data, in France, are classified: from the lexicometric using procedures of French Data Analysis (‘Analyse Factortelle des Correspondances’ of Benzecri, and so on…), to a set of “expert-systems” working on specific theoretical frameworks, through more classical methods of content analysis and coding-sorting-retrieving socio-semantic procedures. eventually with various statistical methods. Content Analysis Methods. Discourse Analysis Methods, French Sociological Research.