Thematic Coding Research Articles

Investigating Usability of Conversational User Interfaces for Integrated System-Physical Interactions: A Medical Device Perspective

The use of Conversational User Interfaces (CUIs) as human-machine interfaces in AI-infused systems has become increasingly popular. However, the existing design guidelines for CUIs are inadequate for meeting the complex interaction requirements of applications involving integrated System-Physical Interaction. In this study, the real-life context of using CUIs as the front-end of AI-enabled medical devices is examined, investigating interaction and usability issues in clinical task operations. Voice- and text-based CUIs were tested with 40 participants to perform clinical tasks. Based on user testing results, a team of seven experts identified 116 unique usability issues and synthesized 16 heuristics using a multilevel thematic coding process. These heuristics were compared to past guidelines to assess their alignment and novelty. Further, 12 usability experts evaluated the heuristics across various clinical systems. The study established that the proposed 16 heuristics provide comprehensive guidance for designing and evaluating CUIs, addressing a wide range of usability requirements.

Enhancing the democratic nature of voting processes within decentralized autonomous organizations

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the problem of power imbalance within decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) and propose potential solutions that could contribute to enhancing the democratic nature of DAOs.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors apply a qualitative methodology. Using a thematic coding analysis, the authors process data collected from interviews with 11 experts.FindingsMultiple factors contribute to the perceived lack of democracy within DAOs, such as token concentration and effective stakeholder communication. Next, quadratic voting has the potential to enhance democracy within DAOs, but this mechanism must be implemented mindfully. Finally, the results were nuanced when it comes to the effectiveness of liquid democracy in DAOs to enhance voter participation and representation.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is one of the first research contributions to propose recommendations to address the power imbalance within DAOs and to contribute to the advancement of decentralized decision-making structures.

Sport policy reforms in Chile: the tension between ‘doers’ and ‘thinkers’

ABSTRACT This study considers the reforms of Chile’s state sport structures from 2001 to 2022. Drawing upon institutional frameworks, the purpose of this article is to analyse the emerging rules, practices and narratives from these reforms. This study employed a qualitative approach, with data gathered from document analysis and semi-structured interviews with six policymakers/bureaucrats from the Ministry of Sport (MINDEP) and National Institute of Sport (IND). Data was analysed through thematic coding of available texts (e.g. policies, government documentation, media sources and interview transcripts) via MAXQDA 2022 qualitative analysis software. The findings highlight that incommensurate rules, practices and narratives may be the impetus for institutional change. Rules connected with New Public Management (NPM) and the creation of the National Institute of Sport (Law 19.712 of 2001) conflicted with the discretionary practices of previous institutional arrangements. Subsequent legislation created a (rule-based) dichotomy between ‘thinkers’ (MINDEP) and ‘doers’ (IND), which has been influenced by the practice of politically based appointments into the IND. While informants suggested that the system’s parochialism and incapacity render change unlikely in the future, there is nevertheless evidence of change emanating from the combination of broken rules (in the form of scandals), incommensurate practices and contemporary narratives about the need to engage with communities.

Exploring the integration of Chinese nationalized piano education in modern music pedagogy

This study investigates the integration of Chinese Nationalized Piano Education into modern music pedagogy, aiming to enhance student's musical understanding and appreciation while fostering cultural connections. The introduction outlines the significance of cultural integration in music education and introduces the concept of Chinese Nationalized Piano Education, highlighting its unique pedagogical approach rooted in Chinese cultural heritage. The objective is to investigate and analyze the methods and outcomes of integrating Chinese Nationalized Piano Education into modern music pedagogy. The content and research site focus on educational institutions incorporating Chinese Nationalized Piano Education, with key informants including music educators and students. Data analysis involves qualitative techniques such as thematic coding and content analysis, complemented by quantitative methods for data visualization and statistical analysis. The research results reveal innovative teaching methods, holistic curriculum designs, improved student engagement, cultural awareness, and musical proficiency. Suggestions include adopting diverse teaching strategies, integrating cultural elements, providing immersive learning experiences, and promoting a global perspective in music education.

Investigating the Effectiveness of Online Interactive Modules on Enhancing Mathematical Proficiency in Grade VI Students of Phuentsholing Primary School

This study examined the effectiveness of online interactive modules in improving mathematical proficiency among Grade VI students in Phuentsholing Primary School, focusing on the concepts of ordering fractions and rotation. The mixed-methods approach was used where 27 students participated in three-week intervention involving online learning tools. Data were collected through pre-tests and post-tests, surveys, and observations. The results were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 22) and it demonstrated significant improvement in students' understanding, with mean test scores increasing from 2.00 to 4.96 for ordering fractions, and from 0.63 to 4.63 for rotation. Surveys indicated a positive shift in students' perceptions towards using digital tools for learning, with increased engagement and enjoyment. Qualitative analysis was derived through thematic coding and it revealed that dynamic simulations and instant feedback were key elements in facilitating understanding. Despite overall gains, some students continued to find the rotation concept challenging, as reflected in the higher post-test score variability. The study highlighted the potential of online interactive modules to enhance mathematical learning, suggesting further exploration into differentiated support for complex topics. These findings have implications for integrating technology in educational practices in Bhutan.

Perceptions and experiences of web-prolonged exposure for posttraumatic stress disorder: A mixed-methods study.

Web-based prolonged exposure therapy (Web-PE) has potential to increase the reach of effective posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment. While there is initial support for the efficacy of Web-PE, no studies have examined the perceptions and experiences of participants receiving PE in this novel, Web based format. We used a mixed-methods convergent design to examine and integrate quantitative and qualitative data of participant perceptions and experiences of Web-PE. Treatment-seeking active duty military personnel or veterans (N = 29) who received Web-PE completed posttreatment surveys about perceptions of Web-PE and a brief qualitative interview. Thematic coding was used to identify qualitative themes, which were integrated with quantitative data in a joint display. Although many were initially skeptical of experiencing benefit, participants reported that Web-PE was helpful. They appreciated the flexibility of online therapy and reported that self-motivation was important for engagement. Web-PE therapists were well-regarded, although additional therapist support and technical improvements to the Web-PE program were suggested. Scores on the perceptions of Web-PE survey, PTSD survey, and other quantitative data corroborated the qualitative themes. Perceptions and experience of Web-PE are favorable and help to highlight the strengths (e.g., flexibility) and challenges (e.g., requiring self-motivation) associated with Web-treatment for PTSD. The results of this study may inform further development of Web-PE or other Web-based treatment programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

‘’Parent School’’ Evaluation of the Program: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: Implementation of systematic education programs for the healthy development of children can contribute to learning the basic building blocks for the cognitive, social, emotional, motor, and language development of children while improving the knowledge and behaviors of parent. This study was conducted to evaluate the contributions of the “Parent School” program to parents. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on July 1-15, 2023, using the focus group technique using the phenomenology study design, one of the qualitative research models. A total of 23 parent actively participated in the “Parent School” program. Among the parent, 11 parent who agreed to do post-program evaluation constituted the sample of this study. A descriptive data form consisting of 5 questions and a semi-structured interview form consisting of 3 questions were used to collect data. Three nurses analyzed participants’ opinions, and thematic coding was performed. Results: In the interviews conducted with the parent, four themes (Emotional change in the parent, behavioral change in the parent, change in the child, and difficulty in transition) and 14 sub-themes (Awareness, consistency in discipline, self-confidence, self-compassion, selfefficacy, playing, effective communication, spending time together, behavioral change, contribution to growth and development, emotional state, comparison with others, family elders and feeding behavior) were determined. Conclusion: In the interviews with the parents at the end of the program, it was determined that there were changes in themselves and their children and that they had difficulty with some changes. In particular, they stated that they had difficulties with comparison, conflicts with family elders or feeding. Keywords: Parent, parenting education, qualitative research, nursing.

The role of culturally appropriate interpersonal communication strategies to reduce hepatitis B and liver cancer disparities.

Asian and Pacific Islander (API), African, and Caribbean immigrant groups in the U.S. are disproportionately impacted by chronic hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma (primary liver cancer). Creating educational communication campaigns about hepatitis B and liver cancer for these communities is necessary to increase disease-related awareness and prompt health-promoting behaviors. Identifying interpersonal communication (IPC) preferences within diverse communities for integration into an educational campaign that emphasizes the link between hepatitis B and liver cancer can ultimately promote uptake of screening, vaccination and linkage to appropriate care. Fifteen focus groups and two key informant interviews were conducted with participants from Micronesian, Chinese, Hmong, Nigerian, Ghanaian, Vietnamese, Korean, Somali, Ethiopian, Filipino, Haitian, and Francophone West African communities. Data were analyzed using thematic coding and analysis. Findings demonstrate that all communities preferred that materials be offered in both English and native languages and emphasized that campaigns highlight the connection between hepatitis B and liver cancer. Educational sessions should take place in settings where communities feel safe, including community-based organizations, religious establishments, and healthcare offices, and should be facilitated by trusted messengers, including patient navigators, doctors and faith leaders. Presenting accurate information and dispelling myths and misconceptions around hepatitis B, liver cancer, and their connection were the biggest needs identified across all focus groups. This study provides insight into community-specific preferences for learning about hepatitis B and liver cancer through IPC methods. The findings from this study can be used to design multi-platform, culturally and linguistically appropriate health education campaigns to facilitate improved diagnosis, prevention, and management of hepatitis B and liver cancer among heavily impacted communities in the U.S.

Gender equity in sport from the perspective of European women athletes and sport managers, physical education teachers and sport coaches.

For years, gender inequality has conditioned women's participation in sport, exposing them to difficult situations and numerous barriers to face. However, no previous research has analyzed the situation of women in sport from the perspective of the athletes themselves, or from the perspective of the coaches, teachers or managers who work with them. This study examines the perspectives of European women athletes, sports managers, physical education teachers, and sports coaches, on gender equity in sports across six European countries: Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Turkey. The research design was consistent with a critical realist epistemology, and the sampling method was non-probabilistic by convenience. A total of 42 female athletes (mean age: 24.37 ± 8.27 years old; mean sport experience: 6.67 ± 7.76 years) and 45 sports managers, physical education teachers or coaches (mean age: 47.00 ± 11.99 years old; mean sport experience: 9.62 ± 10.60 years), participated in six focus groups in the same countries, in groups of 6 to 10 participants per focus group. Focus groups were conducted to stimulate collective discussions, build upon and question ideas, and reach a consensus on questions drawn up by a group of experts, following previous methodologies. The data analysis involved transcribing, translating, and contextualizing the focus group recordings into English. Inductive thematic analysis, reflexive thematic analysis, and codes and themes within the data were created using NVivo 12 Pro. The main topics discussed by the female athletes were "gender inequality in general and in sport," "barriers to gender equity," "reasons for abandonment," "needs," "environment role models" and "tools for the gender equity in sport." The main topics discussed by the sports managers, physical education teachers, and coaches were "gender inequality in general," "gender inequality in sports," "tools" and "reasons, motives, drivers." The results of the study revealed that gender inequality in sports is influenced by a broader social context, where stereotypes, biases, and discrimination persist. The participants also highlighted the challenges, barriers, and needs that women athletes face in their careers, such as a lack of resources, support, visibility, and recognition. Moreover, the participants suggested some strategies to promote gender equity in sports, such as increasing investment, awareness, and education, creating policies and legislation, fostering women's leadership and role modeling, and developing mixed and inclusive sports projects. According to athletes and sports managers/teachers/coaches, gender inequality is still present in sport. There are barriers and challenges that need to be addressed such as lack of resources, visibility, and recognition for female athletes. Among the strategies that can be used to reverse this situation are increasing investment, awareness, and education, creating policies and legislation, fostering women's leadership, and developing mixed and inclusive sport projects.

Strategies to overcome stagnation in agricultural adoption despite awareness and interest: a case study of conservation agriculture in South Asia

Abstract The Eastern Gangetic Plains are a densely populated region of South Asia with comparatively low productivity yet a strong potential to intensify production to meet growing food demands. Conservation agriculture-based sustainable intensification (CASI) has gained academic and policy traction in the region, yet despite considerable promotional activities, uptake remains limited. Based on emerging evidence delving beyond a binary classification of adoption, this qualitative study seeks to explore the experiences and perspectives of smallholder farmers who express positive sentiments about CASI, yet have not progressed to (autonomous) adoption. After thematic coding of semi-structured interviews with 44 experimenting farmers and 38 interested non-users, ten common themes emerged that explain why farmers stagnate in their adoption process. Seven of the ten themes were non-specific to CASI and would constraint promotion and uptake of any agri-system change, highlighting the need for contextual clarity when promoting practice changes in smallholder systems. We summaries this to propose the ‘four T's’ that are required to be addressed to enable agricultural change in smallholder systems: Targeting; Training; Targeted incentives; and Time. Through this more nuanced evaluation approach, we argue the need for a stronger focus on enabling environments rather than technological performance evaluations generically, if promotional efforts are to be successful and emerging sustainable intensification technologies are to be adopted by smallholder farmers.

INVESTIGATING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN INTRINSIC PROPERTIES, PREPARATION PARAMETERS OF COAL AND COKE QUALITY: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

The purpose of this study is to review some of the key research concepts related to metallurgical coke. As the research landscape for coke metallurgy is evolving, researchers are increasingly interested in the effects of the intrinsic properties of coal, coal preparation parameters, and the technological conditions of coke production on the quality of metallurgical coke. As part of this review, a specific protocol, content analysis and thematic coding of cases of the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses” method were used to investigate the simultaneous effect of these two parameters on the quality of coke in selected journal articles. A review of 118 articles was conducted, including their abstract, introduction, methodology, and results. According to the results of this study, coal blends and coal particle sizes have a direct effect on the three sections of coke mechanical properties, coke texture, and coke reactive properties. Reviewing various articles has shown that the presence of fatty coals in smaller size distribution, combined with largersized weak coals, leads to the formation of a stronger structure in the produced coke. However, this does not guarantee an improvement in the coke reactivity parameters. On the other hand, increasing the blending ratio of coking coals in the final mixture for producing normal-sized coke (dimensions smaller than 3 millimetres) improves the coke reactivity parameters. Studies investigating coke structure have demonstrated that a cohesive mosaic structure in high-quality cokes results from well-distributed maceral blends of coking coals with optimal size distribution among other coals.

The response of patient organizations to the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study in Latvia

Patient organizations have proven to be crucial stakeholders for patient needs in the health system. However, the global health crisis due to the emergence of COVID-19 has affected the routine of organizations. This qualitative study explores the experience of patient organizations in adapting their services to the situation during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Latvia in Spring-Autumn 2020. Fifteen chairpersons of patient organizations were recruited and interviewed using a semi-structured key informant interview. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed with manual thematic coding. Four main themes were identified: information needs on COVID-19; diversification of communication channels and their adjustment to the COVID-19 situation; continuity of routine management of patient organization; support mechanisms for patient organizations in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Patient organizations experienced a rapidly changing environment as a result of COVID-19 and have had to react immediately to ensure the provision of the service to the patient community they serve.

Exploring barriers to the effective use of computer-based simulation in pharmacy education: a mixed-methods case study.

At the University of Tasmania (UTAS), pharmacy education traditionally relies on placements to provide students with hands-on experience. However, these placements have become increasingly limited due to logistical challenges and growing student numbers. Computer-based simulation (CBS) has the potential to offer a scalable, effective alternative to enhance learning and critical thinking. However, integrating CBS in pharmacy education faces several barriers that must be addressed for successful implementation. To gain insight into pharmacy educators' and students' views regarding the barriers, and potential solutions, to integrating CBS in pharmacy practice education. This mixed-methods case study involved semi-structured interviews with pharmacy educators and quantitative surveys with pharmacy students. The data underwent thematic coding for interview transcripts and statistical analysis for survey responses. The findings were integrated by examining convergence, complementarity, and discrepancy, revealing insights into how pharmacy students and educators perceive implementation barriers and improvement strategies for CBS. Ten interviews were conducted, and 75 survey responses were collected, with a 62.5% response rate. Key barriers to CBS integration included educators' heavy workload, scepticism about CBS's educational value, and general integration challenges. Students, however, showed high acceptance of CBS, with 70.7% agreeing that CBS could assess their knowledge, 69.3% emphasising its role in developing problem-solving skills, and 80% viewing CBS as a complement to classroom study. Proposed solutions for enhancing CBS uptake included additional institutional support by appointing dedicated simulation technicians, leveraging champions to advocate for CBS, and aligning CBS with educational objectives. A significant gap between students' readiness and educators' hesitancy to use CBS in pharmacy education was identified. While students are eager to adopt new technologies, educators expressed reservations, primarily due to workload concerns and uncertainties about the efficacy of CBS. The feedback from educators suggests that institutions may see improved uptake by employing dedicated support personnel and initiating targeted training programs. Future research should focus on exploring barriers and facilitators, using larger and more diverse samples, and gaining deeper insights into decision-makers' perspectives to enhance the integration and efficacy of CBS in pharmacy education.

Conceituações e encenações de precariedade e interculturalidade em escolas multiculturais e políticas educacionais no Chile

ABSTRACT There is an increasing demand to address interculturality in schools due to increasing global mobility at an institutional and practical levels. However, issues of identity and language commodification seem to hinder these processes in communities that have been historically and precariously minoritized such as indigenous and immigrant children. Hence, this embedded mixed-methods study analyses how interculturality is conceptualized, implemented, and experienced 1) in the National Policy for Foreign Students (2018-2022) (PNM); and 2) by six EFL teachers working in vulnerable multicultural educational contexts in Chile. First, the PNM document is analyzed following a corpus-assisted approach to critical discourse analysis. Then, the interviews were analyzed following a grounded approach to thematic coding. Results show a clear dichotomy between ontological and epistemological understanding of interculturality in which schools attempt to promote the critical coexistence of various cultures among their students and communities despite the precariousness they face and the lack of an intersectional understating of interculturality in the PNM.

Evaluating a vertical nurse-led service in the integration of palliative care in a tertiary academic hospital.

Groote Schuur Hospital is a large Academic Hospital in South Africa that is in the process of integrating palliative care (PC) via a vertical nurse-led doctor-supported (VNLDS) service that was initially established to deliver clinical care. PC integration should occur across multiple dimensions and may result in variable degrees of integration between levels of the healthcare system. This research evaluates the VNLDS through a theory-driven evaluation to describe how the service affected integration. A mixed-method sequential design consisting of a narrative literature review on the theory of integration and PC, retrospective quantitative data from a PC service delivery database, qualitative data from semi-structured interviews and document analyses. It was structured in three phases which assisted in confirming and expanding the data. Statistical analyses, deductive thematic coding and documentary analyses were conducted according to the conceptual framework of PC integration. The PC integration process was facilitated in the following ways: (i) the service provided good clinical PC; (ii) it was able to integrate on a professional level into specific diseases, such as cancer but not in all diseases; (iii) developing organizational structures within the service and (iv) the observed benefit of good clinical care increased the value stakeholders assigned to PC, thereby driving the adoption of PC. However, there are still clinicians who do not refer to PC services. This gap in referral may be grounded in assumptions and misconceptions about PC, especially at the organizational level. Observed PC service delivery is core to integrating PC across the healthcare system because it challenges normative barriers. However, the VNLDS could not achieve integration in leadership and governance, education and hospital-wide guidelines and policies. Whole system integration, foregrounding organizational commitment to PC excellence, is core to integrating PC. The VNLDS service has effectively linked PC in specific disease profiles and normalized the PC approach where healthcare workers observed the service. These integrational gaps may be grounded in assumptions and misconceptions about PC, especially at the organizational level.

Understanding Medical Technology Innovation in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Factors, Impact, and a Model Proposal

The existing conceptual model for medical technology innovation management is a poor fit for low- and middle-income countries as it overlooks their unique challenges and constraints. The purpose of this article is to investigate key governing factors and underlying challenges and barriers of medical technology innovation in low- and middle-income countries and how they impact firm-level activities of innovation management. A two-fold qualitative research methodology was adopted for data collection, comprised of a literature review and multiple case study analyses via semi-structured interviews. A thematic coding approach and multiple theoretical perspectives were used for data analysis and drawing conclusions. The study identified 23 challenges and barriers to medical technology innovation, then categorized these under six factors: healthcare context and system, organizational capabilities, innovation ecosystem, demographic burdens and characteristics, market forces, and science and technology. It was found that compared to high-income countries, in low- and middle-income countries, issues associated with country-specific healthcare context and system, innovation ecosystem, and demographic burdens and characteristics influence innovation management activities and make medical technology innovation more challenging. The study contributes to the technology innovation model research by demystifying new factors and proposing a comprehensive conceptual model for understanding the roadmap of medical technology innovation and the influence of various factors on innovation management activities.

What matters to people and families affected by cerebral small vessel disease (SVD)? A qualitative grounded theory investigation

BackgroundCerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a common neurological disorder contributing to stroke, dementia, and disability. No treatment options exist although clinical trials are ongoing. We aimed to understand what matters to people and families affected by SVD to inform future research. MethodsWe thematically analysed unsolicited correspondences from members of the public addressed to members of the Edinburgh SVD Research Group on a variety of subjects related to SVD. We used inductive thematic codes, categorised under concerns, requests, emotions, and contributions, to form a grounded theory that categorised and ranked concerns raised. Results101 correspondents expressed 346 concerns between August 2015 and February 2021, mostly via email. 60 correspondents (59.4 %) disclosed a SVD diagnosis, 39 (38.6 %) disclosed a previous stroke or TIA, and 40 (39.6 %) were family of people living with SVD. Primary concerns related to cognitive problems (number of correspondents (n)=43 (42.6 %)), lack of support or information from healthcare services (n = 41 (40.6 %)), prognosis (n = 37 (36.6 %)), sensory disturbances (n = 27 (26.7 %)), functional problems (n = 24, (23.8 %)), impact on daily life (n = 24 (23.8 %)), and causes of SVD (n = 19 (18.8 %)). 57 correspondents (56.4 %) expressed support for research, 43 (42.6 %) expressed an eagerness to understand SVD, 35 (34.7 %) expressed helplessness, and 19 (18.8 %) expressed frustration. ConclusionsCognitive decline was the main concern for people and families living with SVD who corresponded with the Edinburgh SVD research group. These findings also indicate a need for more accessible services and better information about SVD for patients and families.

STUDY ON ARTS, HANDICRAFTS AND DANCES OF THE KUTIA KANDHA TRIBE OF KANDHAMAL DISTRICT IN ODISHA

The aim of paper is to highlight the traditional arts, handicrafts and dances of the Kutia Kandhas of Kandhamal District in the state of Odisha. The Kutia Kandha, a primitive tribe primarily belongs to the Kandhamal district areas like Balliguda sub-Division, Tumudibandha Block area, Gumma, Belghar and Bilamala and Jhiripani Gram panchayats. The people of Kutia Kandha tribe live in the hilly region and identify unique culture and customs. The art form has a deep cultural significance for the Kutia Kandha people, who view it as a way to preserve their traditional way of life and express their cultural identity. The research delves into the unique art forms, traditional crafts and vibrant dance practices that are integral to the Kutia Kandhas' way of life. Through ethnographic research methods, this study documents and analyses the symbolic meanings, social functions and the processes of preservation and transformation of these cultural expressions in the context of modern influences. The findings aim to contribute to the understanding of the Kutia Kandhas' cultural identity and the broader discourse on indigenous art and traditions. The study employs a qualitative research approach, primarily using ethnographic methods. Fieldwork was conducted in various villages within Kandhamal District, where participant observation, in-depth interviews and visual documentation were utilized to gather data. The participants include tribal elders, artisans and performers who provided insights into the traditional practices. Additionally, archival research was conducted to compare historical records with current practices. Data analysis was done through thematic coding, focusing on recurring patterns and cultural motifs in the art, crafts and dances of the Kutia Kandhas of Kandhamala in Odisha.

Color Blind Racism in the USA and China: A Comparative Analysis

This research proposal aims to conduct an in-depth comparative study examining attitudes toward color blind racism among high school students in the United States and China. Despite advancements in civil rights and social justice, covert and systemic forms of racism continue to persist, often exacerbated by the denial of systemic discrimination. Utilizing snowball sampling, an anonymous survey featuring Likert scale and open-ended questions will be administered to high school students in both countries. Statistical methods, including descriptive statistics and two-sample t-tests, will be employed to evaluate the differences in attitudes between the two nations. Thematic coding will be used to uncover nuanced perspectives and attitudes. The study aims to elucidate how sociocultural contexts and historical backgrounds shape generational views on racism. By focusing on high school students, the research taps into emerging opinions that will shape future societal norms. The findings have the potential to significantly inform educational initiatives aimed at combating racism by revealing where prejudices still remain. This research is particularly timely given the current global focus on racial equality and social justice. It expands the scope of existing literature by providing a cross-cultural perspective, thereby offering more comprehensive insights into the complexities of racism as experienced by the younger generation.

Exploring teachers’ perspectives on the implementation of a translanguaging pedagogy in two superdiverse Viennese classrooms

Abstract This article discusses the implementation of translanguaging in two superdiverse school classes and their teachers’ understanding of translanguaging. Translanguaging as a theory and a transformative pedagogy has recently captured scholars’ interest from all over the globe, but also earned critique for its transformative claims and ongoing expansion of the term (Jaspers, 2018, p. 2). Through a triangulation of ethnographic fieldnotes and interviews, analysed with thematic coding and linguistic text analysis, this study shows that the teachers’ translanguaging pedagogy is strongly characterised by reoccurring elements, such as translation or reading tasks. The data also reveals teachers’ strong beliefs concerning translanguaging and a gap between the terminology of teachers’ everyday experiences and the terminology used in research, which both turn out to be resistant to change.