Thai Journals Research Articles

A Systematic Review of Applications of Generative Design Methods for Energy Efficiency in Buildings

Energy efficiency is a principle of architectural design that reduces environmental impact. Generative design can offer alternative options to improve energy efficiency in buildings, but significant gaps exist in the application due to accessing complex knowledge. This study aimed to explore publications on generative design and energy efficiency in buildings and identify generative methods for energy efficiency topics. This study conducted a systematic review using the PRISMA methodology in December 2023 by searching publications from databases including Scopus, Google Scholar, and Thai Journals Online. Descriptive analysis examined 34 articles, showing the publication year, source, and citations. Comparative qualitative and descriptive analysis identified generative methods. Publications are increasing over time, and further growth is expected related to the accessibility of computational design and practical applications. Tools and frameworks demonstrated reduced energy usage compared to prototypes or traditional design approaches. The most studied is thermal performance, which was reduced by 28%. Energy performance achieved up to a 23.30% reduction, followed by others and daylighting. In addition to single-topic studies, there are also studies with multiple topics. Evolutionary algorithms are standard. Parametric search strategies have increased. Exploration reveals rule-based and mixed methods. Machine learning and AI garner attention.

A Review of Nursing Research: Case Study of a Thai University

Reviews of nursing research contribute to identifying the research direction of the institution and benefiting the development of knowledge in caring for people and the advancement of the nursing profession. This article aimed to review nursing research according to research vision, research design, nursing roles, and nursing fields, as well as the outcomes, at the Faculty of Nursing, Thammasat University, Thailand. The keyword search included four visionary research domains: palliative care, geriatric care, family health and health promotion, and education and innovation. Research studies were conducted by graduate-level students, faculty members, and researchers within the faculty during the period of 2005 to 2022. The data retrieval process involved accessing electronic records through the Nursing Faculty's research unit's computers, supplemented by searches for author names with publications in databases such as PubMed Central (PMC), Science Direct, Springer Link, Wiley Online Library, Mosby's Nursing Consult, and Thai Journal Online through the one-search feature in Google Scholar within the Scopus database. The search results yielded a total of 354 research studies, categorized according to the faculty's research vision, as follows: family health and health promotion (72%), education and innovation (15%), geriatric care (9%), and palliative care (4%). When classified by research design, it was found that quasiexperimental research constituted the majority (50.8%), followed by descriptive correlational research (30.0%), research implementation (7.3%), mixed-methods research (5.4%), qualitative research (5.1%), and randomized controlled trials (1.4%). When considering nursing roles, the most prevalent were health promotion and prevention (44.4%), followed by care provision (32.8%), integrative role (18.6%), rehabilitation (2.8%), and therapeutic role (1.4%). By nursing fields, the predominant focus was on adult nursing (35%), followed by psychiatric and mental health nursing (27%), community health nursing, education, and innovation (19%), maternal and child nursing (7%), pediatric and adolescent nursing (7%), and geriatric nursing (5%), respectively. Upon evaluating the outcomes, it was noted that the research articles were published in the Scopus database journals at a rate of 29.38%, and were cited within international journals in the Scopus database at a rate of 15.82%. The findings of this research review serve as a guide for aligning nursing research development with the research vision and achieving positive outcomes.

Quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials of top 10 herbs prescribed in Thailand

IntroductionGiven the questionable quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of herbal interventions, especially in developing countries, this study aims to evaluate the quality of reporting of RCTs of the top 10 herbs prescribed in Thailand and published in Thai healthcare journals. MethodsA systematic search was conducted within five databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Thai Journal Online, Thai Index Medicus, and Online Public Access Catalog of Khon Kaen University for Thai and English herbal medicine intervention RCTs published in Thai healthcare journals. Reporting quality of RCTs was assessed by using adapted CONSORT Herbal Intervention and CONSORT 2010 comprised of 52 items. ResultsOf 1351 potential studies, 16 RCTs met the eligibility criteria. For the quality of reporting by each item of 16 included studies, 27 of 52 items were reported in at least 50 % of RCTs which data on participants, physical characteristics of the herbal product, similarity of interventions, baseline data, numbers analyzed, ancillary analyses, and generalizability were reported in all included RCTs when applicable. However, 20 items had less than 50 % reported in included RCTs. There were no included RCTs reported information on the participant flow diagram, registration, and protocol. Discussion/ConclusionsThe quality of reporting of Thai herbal invention RCTs published in Thai healthcare journals was suboptimal. Improvement in the reporting quality of Thai herbal RCTs was needed to provide a high level of evidence. Relevant Thai healthcare journals should encourage Thai herbal medicine RCT authors to follow the CONSORT statement and herbal medicine intervention extensions.

That- stance Found in Discussion Sections in Applied Linguistics Research Articles

This study identified the use of evaluative ‘that’ stance embedded in rhetorical move structures in applied linguistics research articles in discussion sections written in English and published in international and Thai journals. The study aimed to investigate the uses of the evaluative ‘that’ stance in discussion sections for observing the evaluative ‘that’ stance practices in both international and Thai journals. The data was gathered from 80 research articles. The rhetorical moves from the discussion sections were analyzed. Occurrences of the evaluative ‘that’ stance were identified and counted within the embedded rhetorical move-step. The results revealed that international journals and Thai authors employed a similar amount of evaluative ‘that’ stances, although they occurred in different moves and steps. The International authors used an evaluative ‘that’ stance for commenting on results, whereas Thai journal authors tended to use an evaluative ‘that’ stance for reporting results. In the subtypes of evaluative ‘that’ stance, Doubt stance was heavily used in move four: commenting on the results from the international corpus. The findings confirmed that Certainty stance was found in the same contexts from both corpora. Surprisingly, the international journal authors tended to use only a few instances of Neutral stance for commenting on the results. The findings show the differences in the common convention between both journals that could provide information in terms of how the discussion section moves and the evaluative ‘that’ stance presented to help novice EFL scholars to write discussions that comply with international conventions.

Efficacy and safety of bromelain: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Pineapple has an important role in ethnopharmacology and its enzyme, bromelain, has been extensively investigated for its medicinal properties. Aim: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess clinical evidence concerning the efficacy and safety of bromelain. Methods: A systematic search was conducted from conception to August 2022 using CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Thai Journal Online (TJO). The risk of bias was assessed using Risk of Bias 2 or ROBIN-I. A random-effect model with inverse variance weighting and DerSimonian and Laird method was used for meta-analysis. The heterogeneity was evaluated by I2 statistics. Results: We included 54 articles for qualitative summary and 39 articles for meta-analysis. The systematic review found that bromelain presented in serum with retained proteolytic activity after oral absorption. Bromelain may be effective against sinusitis but was not effective for cardiovascular diseases. Pain reduction from oral bromelain was slightly but significantly better than controls (mean difference in pain score = -0.27; 95% CI: -0.45, -0.08; n = 9; I2 = 29%). Adverse events included flatulence, nausea, and headache. Topical bromelain significantly reduced the time to complete debridement (mean difference in time = -6.89 days; 95% CI: -7.94, -5.83; n = 4; I2 = 2%). Adverse events may be irrelevant and include burning sensation, pain, fever, and sepsis. Conclusions: Moderate-quality studies demonstrated the potential of oral bromelain in pain control and topical bromelain in wound care. Major health risks were not reported during the treatment with bromelain.

Effectiveness of Self-management eHealth Intervention for Psychological Adjustment for Health-Related Quality of Life in Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review

eHealth interventions support psychological adjustment to life-threatening crises such as cancer survival and improving health-related quality of life. This review synthesizes existing knowledge on the effectiveness of self-management eHealth interventions and summarizes the best evidence on psychological adjustment for health-related quality of life among cancer survivors. Five electronic databases were searched for articles reporting self-management eHealth interventions for the psychological adjustment of cancer survivors from February 2011 to March 2022. Articles were included if they were published in English or Thai journals; peer-reviewed; evaluated self-management through technology to support psychological adjustment for quality of life; and concerned adult cancer survivors. Data were extracted from all included articles using online data imported into the Joanna Briggs Institute SUMARI program to increase the consistency of data extraction, with a quantitative summary and analysis by two reviewers.Eight articles met the inclusion criteria, integrating self-management eHealth interventions and demonstrating a statistically significant improvement of psychological adjustment for the participants’ health-related quality of life. This review identified that self-management eHealth interventions might assist with the development of mechanisms/strategies which may effectively support cancer survivors’ psychological adjustment for their health-related quality of life. However, supportive cancer care via eHealth interventions may subordinate additional behavioral change techniques and information resources to assist and develop an individual’s coping mechanisms. The information gained may help healthcare providers with the development and enhancement of practice-related clinical guidelines that assist with implementing self-management eHealth interventions for cancer survivors.

A Systematic Literature Review of Architecture Fostering Green Mindfulness

Green mindfulness seems to play an important role in promoting sustainability in architecture, but discrete areas of knowledge are still widely unknown. This study aimed to explore the publications that exist on the nexus between green mindfulness and architecture, and to find the architectural features that tend to foster green mindfulness. The study conducted a systematic literature review by searching publications from databases including Scopus, Google Scholar, and Thai Journals Online in September 2022. Five authors—one architectural researcher, two architectural professors, and two architects—independently reviewed the full-length articles to confirm their accuracy and objectivity. Eight articles were selected for examination by descriptive analysis showing the publication year, source, and citations of the articles. Thematic analysis was used to find the characteristics of the architectural atmosphere with the potential for fostering green mindfulness. Finally, only one study was found that was truly concerned with architecture and green mindfulness. This publication showed that mass and volume are associated with biophilic design, fascination with biophilic design, and affiliation with biophilic design. Material and object refer to natural material; light is in reference to natural light; and landscape and viewpoint suggest plants, greenery, and natural views, while details regarding color and sound were not explored.

Effectiveness of public health interventions in reducing the prevalence of Opisthorchis viverrini: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis

IntroductionThe carcinogenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini is a major public health problem in the Mekong basin region. The liver flukes can induce cholangiocarcinoma, a bile duct cancer that causes a...

A systematic review and meta-analysis of attitude and knowledge involving emergency oral contraceptive use in patients and healthcare providers.

Levonorgestrel and ulipristal acetate are common emergency oral contraceptives (EOCs). Lack of knowledge and negative attitude toward EOCs pose barriers to the EOCs access and utilization. This study aimed to summarize the studies on the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare providers and patients on the use of EOCs. A systematic search was conducted from conception to April 2022 using the following databases: CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Thai Journal Online. Data were extracted independently and were meta-analyzed using DerSimonian and Laird method for the binary random-effects model. 121 articles with a total number of 92,484 participants were included. The awareness of levonorgestrel as an EOC was 66.7% while the awareness of ulipristal acetate as an EOC was 36.9%. EOCs users received EOC information mainly from the internet, media, and friends. We found that 32.2% of EOCs users and providers agreed that EOCs acted post-fertilization, and 39.8% of the prescribers know the correct time to take the pill postcoital. Negative attitudes toward EOC use were found in 25.4% of the participants. For example, 39.4% of the participants agreed that EOCs users had increased sexual activity. The awareness of EOCs was low and misunderstandings or negative attitudes towards the use or prescription of EOCs were still prevalent. Educating healthcare providers, using media as educational tools, and improving education and economics can be useful in improving EOC users' awareness, knowledge, and attitude towards EOCs.

Scoping review: Neglect of the elderly by nuclear family members

Neglect of the elderly in the context of a global aging population is of concern, more so neglect caused to the elderly by nuclear family members. However, the literature on the subject of neglect of the elderly by nuclear family members has yet to be mapped out to afford academics insight into future research directions on the subject. Therefore, a scoping review guided by the PRISMA-ScR checklist was undertaken and mapped out the relevant literature, identified gaps and made suggestions on the subject of neglect of the elderly by nuclear family members. To gain a wider range of possible sources of evidence, the Thai Journals Online (ThaiJO) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched in tandem with the English-Language based Wiley Online Library and ScienceDirect databases. The databases were searched for academic articles published between July 2011 and mid-July 2021. The screening process reduced the initial 975 articles found to 15 sources of evidence. The content of these 15 sources of evidence was mapped out and synthesized via a charting table. Gaps identified include how and why physical necessities are withheld from the elderly; how financial restraints on the elderly by nuclear family members occur; the interplay between finances and neglect; how stress levels, family dynamics, family history and living conditions exacerbate psychological neglect; and, a needed exploration of the forms of verbal neglect perpetrated on the elderly by nuclear family members. Suggestions for future research based on these identified gaps were discussed and offered in this manuscript.

A COMPARISON OF NICHE ESTABLISHMENTS IN ENGLISH RESEARCH ARTICLE INTRODUCTIONS PUBLISHED IN INTERNATIONAL AND THAI JOURNALS

The present study looked closely at the niche establishments in the introduction sections of English research articles written by Thai authors and published in local Thai journals and compared them to those found in introduction sections written by non-Thai authors published in international and high indexed journals. Each of the two corpora contains forty introductory sections. The analysis was based on the frameworks of Swales (2004) and Lim (2012). It was found that the use of niche establishments in the international corpus was higher than that in the Thai corpus. In the Thai corpus, “Stressing insufficient research” was the highest strategy, but “Revealing methodological limitations” was completely absent. It is expected that the results will provide practical guidance for novice writers to write their research introduction sections with informative and convincing niche establishments and, to some extent, the results should also benefit English writing classes, especially in Thailand.

Synthesis of research report of personnel: Case study on Faculty of Education, Mahasarakham University

The purpose of this research was to synthesize research report of personnel in the Faculty of Education, Mahasarakham University. There were 81 research reports funded by Faculty of Education, Mahasarakham University between the academic years of 2012-2019 were employed. The research revealed that most of research concerning teacher development amounting to 69 researches, followed by research report of the support staff amounting to 12 researches. Most of research reports were basic research, applied research, and collaborative teaching research amounting to 55 researches, followed by production research and development of personnel that emphasized on the concept of learning based on the actual situation amounting to 11 researches. The greatest number of research was produced and published in 2018, 23 researches, and in 2019, 13 researches. They were publishing in Thai journals, total of 75 research. The utilization of research to apply for policy benefits, 75 research and for public in four research. Research methodology employed 50 operational researches, 29 quasi-experimental researches, 33 researches to studies, 25 comparative researches and 16 researches to find correlation.

Screening Tests for Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Thai Adults: A Systematic Review

Background: Elderly adults in Thailand are expected to represent 20% of the population in 2021. Screening tools are crucial in initiating cognitive assessments of elderly adults. Clinicians and researchers should select the tools best suited for the characteristics of their population. Several screening tools have been studied in elderly Thai adults over the past 30 years. Objective: To review the data on the screening tests for cognitive impairment currently available in Thailand, and to assess their respective strengths and issues. Materials and Methods: Seven electronic databases including MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, Google Scholar, and two specializing in Thai journals, which are ThaiJo and TDC-ThaiLIS, were searched. A hand-search of the reference lists was also undertaken. Two reviewers independently screened the articles, assessed their quality using the QUADAS-2 checklist, and extracted relevant data. Any discrepancies were resolved through discussion. Results: Twenty-eight studies assessing 33 screening tests were included. The tests were categorized into three groups, multiple-task, single-task, and questionnaire-based tools. Six articles studied their accuracy in community-based populations, while the rest were conducted at tertiary-care centers. The highest sensitivities for dementia detection were demonstrated by the Chula Mental Test for the multiple-task assessment test, and the Clock-Drawing Test for the single-task cognitive test. Conclusion: Various screening tests for cognitive impairment have been examined in the Thai population. The present study main observation was that many researchers did not clearly address their methodology and biases. Tackling these issues will ensure a high-quality methodology and validity of screening tests. Future studies should focus on either developing appropriate tools or adapting the existing tools to better suit elderly Thai adults. Keywords: Aging; Cognition; Cognitive Test; Dementia; Screening

Use of Adverbials in Discussion Sections of Research Articles in Thai and International Journals

The purpose of this study was to compare the discussion sections of research articles in applied linguistics in Thai and international journals. The corpus consisted of 20 English research articles: 10 from Thai journals and 10 from international journals. The adverbials framework of Biber et al. (1999) was employed in this study. The study explained the different usage of adverbials in discussion sections of both corpora. The results show that most of the use of adverbials in research article discussion sections in Thai and international journals is similar. There are five adverbials which are different and influence the presentation of content in discussion sections. It is hoped that this study may help teachers to design writing courses for novice writers or undergraduate and postgraduate students in writing research article discussion sections to publish in an international level.

Are there any significant craniomaxillofacial manifestations of COVID-19?

Data sources PubMed/Medline, Biomed Central, Embase, Thai Journals and the Cochrane library.Study selection Reports or studies dealing with the craniomaxillofacial (CMF) manifestations of COVID-19 were selected.Data extraction and synthesis The reviewers extracted data from the included studies; however, being a meta-narrative review, it was not deemed fit to contact authors for unpublished work, conduct a meta-analysis, search for unpublished data or search for studies in languages different from English, German, French and Thai. The primary variable for prediction was set as the COVID-19 infection, with the primary outcome variable being manifestation in the CMF region. Parameters of a clinical, demographic, investigative and therapeutic nature were the other included variables. Subsequently, the reports and abstracted data were reviewed for study design, author names, country, size of the sample, level of evidence, signs/symptoms, treatment undertaken and investigations conducted. Studies exhibiting the highest level of evidence were included eventually. As deemed appropriate, uni/bivariate and descriptive statistics were applied.Results Cumulatively, 101 publications were included in the meta-narrative after due screening, the data of which was further divided into five groups of: 1) nose/paranasal sinus/skull base; 2) mouth/throat; 3) periorbital/ocular tissue; 4) skin; and 5) ear.Conclusions The majority of data pertaining to CMF manifestations of COVID-19 qualifies as a low level of evidence. With the exception of taste/smell dysfunction, most CMF manifestations are nonspecific and can be diagnosed by CMF surgeons and dentists, which underscores their role in battling the pandemic.

A German AWMF’s S2e/realist synthesis and meta-narrative snapshot of craniomaxillofacial manifestations in COVID-19 patients: Rapid living update on 1 January 2021

PurposesTo execute a review answering the following question: “Among novel coronavirus disease (COVID19) patients, what are craniomaxillofacial (CMF) manifestations?” based on the RAMESES and the German Association of Scientific Medical Societies (AWMF)’s S2e guidelines. MethodsWe performed a realist synthesis and meta-narrative review extracting data in English, French, German and Thai from PubMed/Medline, Embase, Biomed Central, Cochrane Library, and Thai Journals Online, until 1 January 2021. The primary outcome variable was CMF manifestations grouped into 5 categories: (1) mouth and throat, (2) nose, paranasal sinus, and skull base (3) ocular/orbital and periorbital tissue, (4) ear, and (5) craniofacial skin. Appropriate statistics was computed. ResultsThirty-seven original articles meeting the inclusion criteria were analysed; all were in English and indexed in PubMed/Medline. Hand searches of their references yielded a total of 101 articles for the review. Most data were in low level of evidence and focused on smell and taste disturbances and non-specific orofacial lesions. Iatrogenic complications may occur in this body region. Conservative measures remained effective and were usually enough for patient care. ConclusionBecause SARS-CoV-2 infection is new and becomes the stringent worldwide pandemic within a short time period, most of the data on CMF symptoms are of low level evidence. Apart from taste and smell dysfunctions, non-specific CMF lesions can be found and treated conservatively. Treatment complications are possible. Dentists and CMF surgeons are privileged to examine the orofacial region and work closely with colleagues in other specialities to combat this pandemic.

How far are we? Information from the three decades of ethnomedicinal studies in Thailand

Ethnobotany has been an academic discipline for more than a century. In Thailand, it was introduced into academia only 30 years ago, but the study has been carried on extensively. To analyze the number of ethnomedicinal reports based in Thailand and guide the design of future studies. The details include studied villages and ethnic groups from publications appearing during the course of the last 30 years. Ethnomedicinal reports were collected from online databases – Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed – and university libraries in Thailand. The other literature sources were Thai journals and the website of the Thai Library Integrated System. The period of publications ranges from 1990 to 2019. During this period, a total of 146 publications (student theses, journal articles, scientific reports, and a book) were published from 32 universities and research institutes in Thailand. The publications revealed records of plants used by 223 villages in 25 ethnic groups overall in Thai regions. Although ethnobotany started in Thailand after 70 years of a continuous track record in other parts of the world, the success in Thailand is reflected in the high number of studies and studied villages. However, more studies need to be done in many other villages and ethnic groups in the country before the subject can be considered well broached.

Some common fixed point theorems for sequence of self mappings in fuzzy metric space with property (CLRg)

In this research article we generalize and improve the results of K. Jha and V. Pant [K. Jha and V. Pant, Some Common fixed point theorem in fuzzy metric space with property (E.A.), Thai Journal of Mathematics, Vol 15, No.1 (2017), 217-226] using weak compatible maps along with property (CLRg).We also demonstrate an example in support of our main result. K.Jha and V.Pant proved their main result that is Theorem-A by applying the concept of property (E-A),to prove this result they take closeness of range of subspaces that is they proved their main result by using stronger contractive conditions, while in this paper we prove the same result as a Theorem 3.1 by removing the condition of ‘closeness of range of subspaces’ and instead of applying the concept of property (E-A) we do apply the concept of property (CLRg).The importance of property ‘CLR’(Common Limit in Range) ensures that one does not require the closeness of range subspaces. That is we prove the same result for a weaker contractive conditions. By proving the result as Theorem-A, Jha and Pant improved and generalized many similar results on fixed points. The purpose of this paper is to further improve and generalize the result of Jha and Pant and some earlier similar results on fixed point.

Some common fixed point theorems for sequence of self mappings in fuzzy metric space with property (CLRg)

In this research article we generalize and improve the results of K. Jha and V. Pant [K. Jha and V. Pant, Some Common fixed point theorem in fuzzy metric space with property (E.A.), Thai Journal of Mathematics, Vol 15, No.1 (2017), 217-226] using weak compatible maps along with property (CLRg).We also demonstrate an example in support of our main result. K.Jha and V.Pant proved their main result that is Theorem-A by applying the concept of property (E-A),to prove this result they take closeness of range of subspaces that is they proved their main result by using stronger contractive conditions, while in this paper we prove the same result as a Theorem 3.1 by removing the condition of ‘closeness of range of subspaces’ and instead of applying the concept of property (E-A) we do apply the concept of property (CLRg).The importance of property ‘CLR’(Common Limit in Range) ensures that one does not require the closeness of range subspaces. That is we prove the same result for a weaker contractive conditions. By proving the result as Theorem-A, Jha and Pant improved and generalized many similar results on fixed points. The purpose of this paper is to further improve and generalize the result of Jha and Pant and some earlier similar results on fixed point.

The effectiveness of medication reconciliation to prevent medication error: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The impact of medication reconciliation (MR) in low-middle-income countries, including Thailand, may differ from other developed countries. To evaluate the effect of medication reconciliation (MR) on the reduction of medication error in Thailand. A systematic search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Scopus, Thai Journals Online, Thai index Medicus, Thai Medical Index, and Health Science Journal in Thailand from inception to January 2018. Studies that evaluated the effect of MR compared to usual care within hospitals in Thailand and reported the occurrence of medication error were included. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects model. Of the 107 articles retrieved, 7 articles involving 1581 patients were included in quantitative synthesis. Three of the included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCT). Overall, the risk of medication error in patients who received MR in all transitions of care was 75% lower than those receiving usual care (RR 0.25; 95%CI 0.15-0.43). The effect on the reduction of medication error appeared higher when MR was provided to ambulatory patients (RR 0.17 [95%CI 0.04-0.80] compared with hospitalized patients during admission (RR 0.37 [95%CI 0.20-0.65]) and discharge (RR 0.27 [95%CI 0.17-0.43]). Effects on reducing medication error was greater when MR was provided in secondary care hospitals compared with primary care hospitals both during admission (RR 0.49 [95%CI, 0.34-0.69] vs RR 0.25 [95%CI, 0.05-1.26]), and discharge transition (RR 0.19 [95%CI, 0.09-0.39] vs RR 0.30 [95%CI, 0.12-0.79]). Overall, current evidence indicates that the provision of MR in Thailand is effective in reducing medication errors in all transitions of care. However, to promote patient safety, appropriate strategies should be developed to support MR in specific transition of care and hospital setting so patients can benefit most from this service.