Text Item Research Articles

The interactive museum: Video games as history lessons through lore and affective design

This article approaches games from the perspectives of design and analysis in order to describe how games might employ pedagogical strategies that capitalize on their strengths as interactive media while avoiding the pitfalls of traditional learning games. Specifically, it draws attention to how games employ world building through lore—such as through item text descriptions—as well as affective game design aesthetics to create a learning experience closer in similarity to touring a museum than reading a textbook. Describing this phenomenon as the interactive museum, the article discusses how the concept operates through an analysis of the game Valiant Hearts: The Great War. The article first addresses games as teaching tools, including their potential to teach about historical wars, while paying close attention to the ethical dilemma of producing an entertaining game that also aims to teach. The design analysis begins by examining item text descriptions, lore and historical world building before describing the affective aesthetic of the interactive museum. The article concludes with a discussion on games’ potential use of tangential learning as a method to teach through interactivity.

Çizge Tabanlı WordNet Ağı Üzerinde Anlamsal İlişki Ağırlıklarının Tespiti

Determination of semantic relatedness between two textual items is one of the crucial phases in many Natural Language Processing applications. In this study, a new approach to lexicon based semantic relation determination methods was experienced using WordNet 3.0 and Men’s real-life similarity dataset. Men’s test collection was used for the determination of the relation weights and determined weights were used in semantic relatedness computation. RG65 similarity dataset was used for a benchmark of the proposed method and Spearman correlation 0.81 was gained, taking into account that retrieving the relations weight using a large scale dataset and testing them with another real-life dataset promises new perspectives to the determination of the relations weight and to the relatedness computation .

STRATEGI SKIMMING DALAM MENINGKATKAN EFEKTIVITAS BACA SISWA PADA KELAS XI SMK NURUL JADID PAITON PROBOLINGGO

The objective of this research is to find out the effectiveness of Skimming-Scanning Strategy in improving students reading comprehension. It covered students’ literal, inferential, critical comprehension in three types of text. They were narrative, descriptive, and news item texts. The research applied quasi experimental design. The subject of the research was the second grade students of SMK Nurul Jadid Paiton Probolinggo. The data collected were the students’ reading achievement through test (pretest and posttest). This research was divided into two groups, experimental and control group, the groups consisted of 28 and 27 students, respectively. The result of the data analysis showed that t-test was higher than t-table (6.373>2.000) or Pvalue (Sig.) was smaller than alpha (0.000 < 0.05). It meant that mean score of the experimental group was higher than the control group.

MMALFM

Personalized rating prediction is an important research problem in recommender systems. Although the latent factor model (e.g., matrix factorization) achieves good accuracy in rating prediction, it suffers from many problems including cold-start, non-transparency, and suboptimal results for individual user-item pairs. In this article, we exploit textual reviews and item images together with ratings to tackle these limitations. Specifically, we first apply a proposed multi-modal aspect-aware topic model (MATM) on text reviews and item images to model users’ preferences and items’ features from different aspects , and also estimate the aspect importance of a user toward an item. Then, the aspect importance is integrated into a novel aspect-aware latent factor model (ALFM), which learns user’s and item’s latent factors based on ratings. In particular, ALFM introduces a weight matrix to associate those latent factors with the same set of aspects in MATM, such that the latent factors could be used to estimate aspect ratings. Finally, the overall rating is computed via a linear combination of the aspect ratings, which are weighted by the corresponding aspect importance. To this end, our model could alleviate the data sparsity problem and gain good interpretability for recommendation. Besides, every aspect rating is weighted by its aspect importance, which is dependent on the targeted user’s preferences and the targeted item’s features. Therefore, it is expected that the proposed method can model a user’s preferences on an item more accurately for each user-item pair. Comprehensive experimental studies have been conducted on the Yelp 2017 Challenge dataset and Amazon product datasets. Results show that (1) our method achieves significant improvement compared to strong baseline methods, especially for users with only few ratings; (2) item visual features can improve the prediction performance—the effects of item image features on improving the prediction results depend on the importance of the visual features for the items; and (3) our model can explicitly interpret the predicted results in great detail.

Assessment of Career Adaptability: Combining Text Mining and Item Response Theory Method

Recently, combined quantitative and qualitative analysis has become popular for research. In studying careers, subjective and objective information are ideal for assessing individual career development and are relevant in career counseling. This paper measures career adaptability by combining text mining and item response theory (IRT), with college students’ self-reported career adaptability as a subjective measure and responses to questionnaire items as an objective measure. The two are combined under a Bayesian framework. Additionally, the validity of text categorization and IRT, combined with model measurement, were explored; text categorization results were used as prior information when estimating IRT capability parameters to test whether adding prior information can improve accuracy. This study draws the following conclusions: (1) The text classification method had the highest sensitivity in 300-person samples; however, the text-IRT method had the best predictive effect, high reliability, and unique advantages in accuracy. (2) In 600-person samples, the text classification method had the best predictive effect. The effect was relatively good, with unique advantages in identifying low career adaptability. However, this must be selected according to actual needs. If the accuracy requirement is high and sensitivity can be sacrificed, the text-IRT method is more appropriate. (3) The text-IRT method is more suitable for 900 subjects when accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity need to be considered, and text classification is best when identifying low career adaptability. (4) Sample size influenced accuracy, specificity, and the negative predictive values of text classification, as well as the sensitivity of IRT and text-IRT methods.

Sense-Based Topic Word Embedding Model for Item Recommendation

As a useful way to help users filter information and save time, item recommendation intends to recommend new items to users who tend to be interested. As the most common format related to items in online social networks, short texts have always been disregarded by previous research on item recommendation. The sparse features and insufficient information in short texts render the extraction of features from short texts difficult. To address the problems of short text feature extraction and item recommendation, we introduce a sense-based word embedding method to enrich word features and aid in item topic extraction. The sense is used to demonstrate the semantic meaning of a word since each word contains different senses, and each sense can be used to describe various words. Thus, the sense is befitting to enrich the information of short texts and address the problem of polysemy. By combining topic distribution, social relationships, and users' interests and interactions, we propose a time-aware probabilistic model to profile a user's preference score on items. By predicting the user preference score at a future time interval, the items with top scores can be regarded as the recommended items. Different experiments on real-world datasets are deployed to prove the feasibility and efficiency of sense-based short text topic assignment and item recommendation in multiple languages. The prediction results also demonstrate that the model substantially outperforms the compared methods.

Visible light-excitable ZnO/2D graphitic-C3N4 heterostructure for the photodegradation of naphthalene

Copyright: 2019 Desalination Publications. Due to copyright restrictions, the attached PDF file only contains the abstract of the full text item. For access to the full text item, please consult the publisher's website. The definitive version of the work is published in Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 163, pp. 286-296

The relationship of individual examinee characteristics and acceptability of smart device-based testing to test score in the practice test of the Korea Emergency Medicine Technician Licensing Examination.

PurposeSmart device-based testing (SBT) is being introduced into the Republic of Korea’s high-stakes examination system, starting with the Korean Emergency Medicine Technician Licensing Examination (KEMTLE) in December 2017. In order to minimize the effects of variation in examinees’ environment on test scores, this study aimed to identify any associations of variables related to examinees’ individual characteristics and their perceived acceptability of SBT with their SBT practice test scores. MethodsOf the 569 candidate students who took the KEMTLE on September 12, 2015, 560 responded to a survey questionnaire on the acceptability of SBT after the examination. The questionnaire addressed 8 individual characteristics and contained 2 satisfaction, 9 convenience, and 9 preference items. A comparative analysis according to individual variables was performed. Furthermore, a generalized linear model (GLM) analysis was conducted to identify the effects of individual characteristics and perceived acceptability of SBT on test scores.ResultsAmong those who preferred SBT over paper-and-pencil testing, test scores were higher for male participants (mean± standard deviation [SD], 4.36± 0.72) than for female participants (mean± SD, 4.21± 0.73). According to the GLM, no variables evaluated— including gender and experience with computer-based testing, SBT, or using a tablet PC—showed a statistically significant relationship with the total score, scores on multimedia items, or scores on text items. ConclusionIndividual characteristics and perceived acceptability of SBT did not affect the SBT practice test scores of emergency medicine technician students in Korea. It should be possible to adopt SBT for the KEMTLE without interference from the variables examined in this study.

A DFT Study of Disperse Yellow 119 Degradation Mechanism by Hydroxyl Radical Attack

AbstractPrevious experimental studies had proposed two possible mechanisms, that is, N‐N or C‐N bond cleavage, for azo dye degradation. However, the relative feasibility of these mechanisms based on their energetics has not been properly explored. In this work, the mechanisms of azo dye degradation by hydroxyl (•OH) radical were investigated theoretically for disperse yellow 119 (DY119) dye using density functional theory (DFT) method. This was done with the view to provide useful theoretical insights on photodegradation mechanism of azopyridone dyes. The role of hydrogen bonding on the mechanism was investigated, and the possibility of nitrogen evolution during the process was also examined. Potential energy profiles (PEPs) for the two possible mechanisms were predicted at VWN‐BP/DNP level of theory. Local reactivity indices and energy parameters revealed that the C–N bond cleavage mechanism is preferred to the N‐N cleavage for the photodegradation of DY119. Removal of one intramolecular hydrogen bond from DY119 structure enhanced both the C–N and N–N bond cleavages, but with greater effect on C–N. Loss of nitrogen molecule via the C–N bond cleavage was predicted to be highly spontaneous.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the relevance, clarity, and comprehensibility of the Scale of Quality of Diet (ESQUADA)

The study of the diet quality should include not just the nutritional adequacy but also incorporate the multidimensional understanding and the current dietary recommendations. This study aimed to evaluate the relevance, clarity, and comprehensibility of the Scale of Quality of Diet (ESQUADA). Nutritionists’ perspectives about the relevance and clarity of the items were evaluated through focus groups between November and December 2016. An exploratory content analysis investigated the themes that emerged from the focus groups, which were organized in a structured codebook. Two reviewers applied it to the data. Inter-rater reliability was analyzed by the kappa coefficient. The coding was analyzed using the frequencies and central aspects of the sub-themes. Laypersons’ comprehension of the items was evaluated using a question regarding whether they understood each item in online questionnaire in February 2018. Descriptive statistics investigated the comprehensibility of each item. The reviewers presented adequate reliability on coding the data. Three themes emerged from the data considering the nutritionists’ suggestions. The theme Item relevance indicated that the items assessed diet quality while considering sociocultural influences. However, the nutritionists suggested attention was needed to how some items were expressed and their response options. Of relevance, the themes Item clarity and Clarity of alternatives primarily encompassed discussions regarding item text (44%) and discrimination of alternatives (24%). The study of the comprehensibility indicated that all items were readily understood. These results support the relevance of the ESQUADA for evaluating quality of diet as well the comprehensibility of all the items by individuals uneducated in public health.

Luče, Luče, Zlaté Lúče! Hviezdoslavovské Poznámky K Viacsmernosti Lexikálnej Dynamiky

Abstract The literary texts of Pavol Országh Hviezdoslav contain a lot of lexical items unknown to contemporary readers. From anthropocentric point of view, these words as well as many other peripheral lexical items (i.e. obsolete and dialectal words, archaicisms and historicisms) in various texts of the earlier periods may be considered lexical agnonyms. In this connection, the occurrence of small dictionaries attached to the published books as a help for readers is particularly interesting. The appended dictionaries, originating in different periods as a specific kind of reduced text dictionaries, are worth attention from the point of view of Slovak and Slovak­Czech lexicography and from the viewpoint of the language policy and planning in support of Czech­Slovak and Slovak­Czech bilingualism and biliteracy.

Editorial theory and the range of translations for ‘cedars of Lebanon’ in the Septuagint

Although the Hebrew source text term אֶרֶז [cedar] is translated in the majority of cases as κέδρος [cedar] or its adjective κέδρινος in the Septuagint, there are cases where the following translations and strategies are used: (1) κυπάρισσος [cypress] or the related adjective κυπαρίσσινος, (2) ξύλον [wood, tree] and (3) non-translation and deletion of the source text item. This article focuses on these range of translations. Using a complexity theoretical approach in the context of editorial theory (the new science of exploring texts in their manuscript contexts), this article seeks to provide explanations for the various translation choices (other than κέδρος and κέδρινος). It further aims to determine which cultural values of the translators have influenced those choices and how they shape the metaphorical and symbolic meaning of plants as determined by Biblical Plant Hermeneutics, which has placed the taxonomy of flora on a strong ethnological and ethnobotanical basis.

Editorial theory and the range of translations for ‘cedars of Lebanon’ in the Septuagint

Although the Hebrew source text term ארז [cedar] is translated in the majority of cases as κέδρος [cedar] or its adjective κέδρινος in the Septuagint, there are cases where the following translations and strategies are used: (1) κυπάρισσος [cypress] or the related adjective κυπαρίσσινος, (2) ξύλον [wood, tree] and (3) non-translation and deletion of the source text item. This article focuses on these range of translations. Using a complexity theoretical approach in the context of editorial theory (the new science of exploring texts in their manuscript contexts), this article seeks to provide explanations for the various translation choices (other than κέδρος and κέδρινος). It further aims to determine which cultural values of the translators have influenced those choices and how they shape the metaphorical and symbolic meaning of plants as determined by Biblical Plant Hermeneutics, which has placed the taxonomy of flora on a strong ethnological and ethnobotanical basis.

ENHANCING FIRST GRADE STUDENTS READING COMPREHENSION SKILL OF MAN MALANG 1 ON NEWS ITEM TEXT THROUGH SKIMMING TECHNIQUE

The point of this article is portraying how the ways Skimming Technique can enhance the primary review understudies' Reading Comprehension Skill on News Item Text at MAN Malang 1. In light of the preparatory study, the specialist found the classroom issues of this class particularly in perusing understanding ability on News Item Text of the primary evaluation understudies of MAN Malang 1. The students got trouble to grasp perusing writings which were given by the English educator. This trouble made 80% of the understudies of this class neglected to achieve the standard least of the school, which is 78.00 in their perusing understanding, and the normal score of this class was just 66.2. In this way, the understudies' perusing cognizance aptitude on News Item message must be moved forward. This study utilized Classroom Action Research (CAR) as the exploration outline. The subjects of this study were one class of the main evaluation understudies which comprised of 37 understudies. The systems of the study secured four stages: arranging, executing, perception, and reflection. The information accumulated was as quantitative and subjective information. The quantitative information was acquired from the perusing appreciation test, and the subjective information was gotten from the understudies perception and agenda and the field note of the educating and learning process.

A cross-sectional study of the reporting quality of pilot or feasibility trials in high-impact anesthesia journals.

Pilot trials inform the design and conduct of larger scale trials. Using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) pilot extension guidelines, we assessed reporting quality in five high-impact anesthesia journals and explored factors associated with reporting quality. The five highest-impact anesthesia journals were screened for randomized-controlled trials published as pilot or feasibility trials between 2006 and 2016. A pair of reviewers independently screened citations, extracted data, and assessed reporting quality using the CONSORT pilot trial extension checklists for abstracts and full texts. We reported the percentage adherence for each item, along with the median [interquartile range (IQR)] or mean (standard deviation [SD]) for all items. The factors considered to influence reporting were: 1) trial registration, 2) industry funding, 3) trial identification as a pilot or feasibility in the title or abstract, 4) primary objective as "feasibility", and 5) the specific journal. The association was estimated using generalized estimating equations and reported as incidence rate ratios with 99% confidence intervals. Of 364 citations, 58 articles were eligible. The median [IQR] number of CONSORT abstract items reported was 5 [4-7], and the mean (SD) number of full text items reported was 13 (5). Significantly poor reporting was associated with "not registering the trial" (both abstracts and full texts), "trial not identified as a pilot" (abstracts), and "using clinical hypothesis as the primary objective" (full texts). The reporting quality of pilot trials published in leading anesthesia journals is poor. Journal editorial boards can encourage improved reporting by supporting adherence to the CONSORT extension for pilot trials.

Koko

K oko is a declarative information extraction system that incorporates advances in natural language processing techniques in its extraction language. K oko 's extraction language supports simultaneous specification of conditions over the surface syntax and on the structure of the dependency parse tree of sentences, thereby allowing for more refined extractions. Furthermore, the K oko extraction language allows for aggregating evidence from an input document and supports conditions that are tolerant of linguistic variation of expressing concepts. In this demo, we outline the design of K oko , a system for extracting information and understanding the results of the extraction. K oko provides an interactive interface that allows participants to write queries, understand the input and results of the queries. In particular, the user can customize the input text, visualize the input text's dependency parse trees, and understand the correspondences between query components, dependency tree nodes, text tokens, and the computation and associated scores that led to an extraction.

STUDENTS’ WRITING ABILITY IN PARAPHRASING NEWS ITEM

AbstractWriting is one of skills that has to be mastered by students because by writing the writers can express ideas and thought into a good written. In SMA/MA, students often get difficulties in rewriting or paraphrasing the news item that they have read by using their own words. This matter is caused of student’s lack of vocabulary, structure, relating sentence to other sentences, also that they do not understand about the elements of the paragraph that builds a text, and they do not understand a generic structure of news item text. This research took the population of the tenth grade students of MAs Daarul Hikmah Tangerang by using cluster sampling. There are 4 (nine) classes of the tenth grade. Total population is 140 students. One of the classes was the sample. After analyzing the data, the researcher got the result of the students writing ability in paraphrasing news item on the tenth grade was Fair (50.86). There is no student got excellent category, 3 students got good (8.57) category, 20 students got fair (57.14) category, and 12 students got poor (34.29) category.Key word : Writing Ability, News Item, Text

Automated estimation of item difficulty for multiple-choice tests: An application of word embedding techniques

Pretesting is the most commonly used method for estimating test item difficulty because it provides highly accurate results that can be applied to assessment development activities. However, pretesting is inefficient, and it can lead to item exposure. Hence, an increasing number of studies have invested considerable effort in researching the automated estimation of item difficulty. Language proficiency tests constitute the majority of researched test topics, while comparatively less research has focused on content subjects. This paper introduces a novel method for the automated estimation of item difficulty for social studies tests. In this study, we explore the difficulty of multiple-choice items, which consist of the following item elements: a question and alternative options. We use learning materials to construct a semantic space using word embedding techniques and project an item's texts into the semantic space to obtain corresponding vectors. Semantic features are obtained by calculating the cosine similarity between the vectors of item elements. Subsequently, these semantic features are sent to a classifier for training and testing. Based on the output of the classifier, an estimation model is created and item difficulty is estimated. Our findings suggest that the semantic similarity between a stem and the options has the strongest impact on item difficulty. Furthermore, the results indicate that the proposed estimation method outperforms pretesting, and therefore, we expect that the proposed approach will complement and partially replace pretesting in future.

Re-examining dominance of categories in impression formation: A test of dual-process models.

We carried out tests of the first 2 premises of the Continuum Model (CM) of impression formation (Fiske & Neuberg, 1990). These premises predict that category information will in general be more influential than noncategory information, and that the fit of noncategorical attributes with the category is a major determinant of the relative influence of these types of information. Using stimuli that included sets of (a) text items only, and (b) combinations of photos and text items, we found no support for these claims, even using alternative tests. In addition, many positive effects found in our analyses run counter to the predictions of the CM. We conclude that either significant portions of dual-process models (also, Brewer, 1988) are not applicable to many previously claimed scenarios of impression formation, or that although pieces of them may be roughly accurate, reasonable questions arise as to their predictive and discriminant validity. (PsycINFO Database Record

Stress as a Suprasegmental Phonological Shift in Translation: A New Category of Linguistic Shifts

Abstract This study relies on a contrastive analysis to underscore the functions of stress as a shift in translation, especially when phonological specifications can have an impact on translation. In the original model of translation shifts proposed by Catford, only segmental linguistic elements are taken into consideration, while the model totally ignores stress as a supra-segmental linguistic element. Including stress within the analytic procedures of the model can bring about a new type of shift. This implies that Catford’s categorization of shifts must be developed in order to increase its applicability, especially when phonological specifications in the source text can have an impact on grammar and lexical items in the target text. As a result of the inclusion of stress into Catford’s original mode, a revised version of the translation shift model is suggested. The study further emphasizes the various dimensions of stress and the functions it can have in oral aspects of translation and drama translation.