Text Answers Research Articles

Deeper Learning With Advances in Discourse Science and Technology

The need for improving learning at deeper levels has been recognized in the national and international arena because language literacy, numeracy, and other core skills will not go the distance in handling 21st-century tasks. The challenge is aggravated by major gaps in school curricula and professional development of instructors. There is inadequate training of strategies for comprehending technical material, generating inferences, metacognition, integrating information from multiple documents, detecting misinformation, self-regulated learning, communicating through different media, collaborative problem solving, and other 21st-century skills. Some of these gaps can be filled with advances in discourse science and technology. Discourse scientists have identified the mental representations and processing mechanisms associated with different discourse levels. These levels stretch beyond word decomposition, vocabulary, and syntax (called basic literacy skills) into the deeper realms of semantics, situation (mental) models, rhetorical structure, and pragmatics. Computer tools automatically scale discourse on many levels so that individuals can get immediate multilevel feedback on text complexity, essay quality, and answers to questions. Discourse scientists have also identified effective strategies for training students how to improve comprehension of difficult material and mastery of a broad array of 21st-century competencies. These strategies have been implemented in intelligent, adaptive computer technologies, including those with conversational agents that take on different roles (e.g., peers, tutors, mentors). Future challenges lie in creating a curriculum for 21st-century skills that embrace discourse science and in scaling up discourse technologies that facilitate deeper learning.

A Review on Text Similarity Technique used in IR and its Application

With large number of documents on the web, there is a increasing need to be able to retrieve the best relevant document. There are different techniques through which we can retrieve most relevant document from the large corpus. Similarity between words, sentences, paragraphs and documents is an important component in various tasks such as information retrieval, document clustering, word-sense disambiguation, automatic essay scoring, short answer grading, machine translation and text summarization. Text similarity means user’s query text is matched with the document text and on the basis on this matching user retrieves the most relevant documents. Text similarity also plays an important role in the categorization of text as well as document. We can measure the similarity between sentences, words, paragraphs and documents to categorize them in an efficient way. On the basis of this categorization, we can retrieve the best relevant document corresponding to user’s query. This paper describes different types of similarity like lexical similarity, semantic similarity etc.

Use of Contraception and Attitudes towards Contraceptive Use in Swedish Women--A Nationwide Survey.

ObjectiveTo describe contraceptive use and attitudes towards contraceptive use in Sweden which has the highest abortion rate in Western Europe. Secondary objectives were to investigate knowledge of contraceptive methods and outcomes of unplanned and unwanted pregnancies.DesignTelephone survey.SettingNational survey of women living in Sweden.PopulationWomen between 16 and 49 years.MethodsThe survey contained 22 questions with free text and multi choice answers on demographics, contraceptive use, knowledge of and attitudes towards contraception, the importance of monthly bleeding and experience of unintended pregnancy.Main Outcome MeasuresDistribution of use of contraceptive methods and non-use of contraception among Swedish women. Prevalence and outcome of unintended pregnancies.ResultsA total of 1001 women participated in the survey. Of all women, 721/1001 (72.1%) currently used contraception whereas 268/1001 (26.8%) women did not. Long acting reversible contraception, (LARC; implant and intra uterine contraception) was used by 24.3% of women. The unmet need of contraception in Sweden was estimated at 8.9% (89/1001 women). A total of 781 (78%) women had never experienced an unintended pregnancy whereas 220 (22%) women had had at least one unintended pregnancy. Users and non-users alike stated that one of the most important characteristics of a contraceptive method is its effectiveness.ConclusionsSweden has a large unmet need for contraception. Furthermore, a large proportion of women have experienced at least one unintended pregnancy. Increasing contraceptive use and promotion of LARC is a possible way forward in the effort to reduce the rates of unwanted pregnancies.

Automatic Free Text Answer Evaluation using Knowledge Network

The recent developments in the field of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has resulted in a major paradigm shift in pedagogy and teaching learning. No longer restricted to the four walls of a classroom, ubiquitous learning is the current trend and universities are gearing up for larger intakes. In the wake of such an upsurge in volume, automatic evaluation of student answers is the need of the hour. The limitations of close ended questions notwithstanding, the popularity of such types are on the rise due to implementation ease. This paper presents a technique to evaluate free text answers of students which will augment and popularize the use of open ended questions for evaluation in online learning.

Information literacy in LIS education:

Theoretical and practical principles of information literacy (IL) are generally embedded into the wider course structure of Library and Information Studies (LIS) Master’s programmes. This paper discusses the findings of a qualitative thematic content analysis of library student exam answer texts, which provide a student view of whether it would be appropriate to designate a stand-alone module specifically for the delivery of these principles. The key concepts of IL are currently found embedded within the core programme. It is suggested that the introduction of a distinct module may more appropriately reflect stakeholder requirements, including LIS students’ combined needs as producer-consumers of IL interventions in their study and practice. There is an increasing requirement for them to develop, deliver and evaluate good-practice interventions in the workplace. This work builds on existing discussions around IL as a discipline and the changing role of the librarian. The analysis is substantially informed by the participants’ views. It suggests that while embedding IL in the library school curriculum can address the consumer-IL needs of the participants as students, a more explicit focus will support development of their professional-IL needs.

G543(P) Improving patient safety and quality of care for regional neonatal services

<h3>Context</h3> Neonatal care delivered by ST1 Paediatric trainees attached to 18 Local Neonatal Units and Special Care Baby Units. <h3>Problem</h3> Trainees did not feel adequately prepared or supported to perform essential duties of their role including attending deliveries and performing newborn examinations. Trainees highlighted the risks to patient safety and quality of care. <h3>Assessment of problem and analysis of its causes</h3> To quantify the problem and understand the root causes we interviewed and surveyed 48 Paediatric trainees after completing their first post with neonatal duties. 50% of trainees felt inadequately prepared to perform essential duties and 40% of trainees were unsatisfied with their supervision. We discussed our findings with trainees, the specialty training committee and local departments, and identified problems with induction and training as well as devising strategic interventions. <h3>Intervention</h3> Multiple interventions included 1. Neonatal Life Support (NLS) courses specifically for ST1 trainees before or during their first neonatal post and 2. Engaging with College Tutors to provide comprehensive recommendations for neonatal specific induction, adequate supervision attending deliveries and performing newborn checks, and formal assessment of competence before working unsupervised. <h3>Study design</h3> Trainees who had completed their first neonatal post were surveyed. We used multiple choice, Likert scale and free text answers to capture trainee’s experiences. <h3>Strategy for change</h3> We implemented changes to training over two years, starting with NLS training for new ST1s. Working with Training Program Directors and NLS course directors we offered places to all new ST1s at or near induction. With Local Education Providers and neonatologists, and guided by trainee’ feedback, we developed standards and recommendations for local ST1 induction. To aid dissemination, at all stages, we presented the work at regional and local meetings and directly communicated with the Specialty Training Committee, College Tutors, and trainees. <h3>Measurement of improvement</h3> We found that undertaking NLS training before starting their first post significantly increased trainees’ confidence in attending deliveries and resuscitating newborns. Trainees felt better prepared to perform their duties if they had a specific neonatal induction lasting at least two days (our recommendation). Trainees satisfaction with supervision at deliveries was significantly increased when they were accompanied to the first 4 or more deliveries (our recommendation). There was a trend towards increased satisfaction with supervision when trainees were observed for the first 3 or more newborn checks. <h3>Effects of changes</h3> Our work increased the proportion of ST1s a. adequately trained to resuscitate newborns before starting work, b. adequately supervised after induction, and c. having an assessment of competence before working alone utilising Supervised Learning Events. We decreased the number of inadequately trained staff who are responsible for neonatal care and improved supervision that ultimately increased patient safety. Our ongoing challenge is supporting local units to balance service provision with effective training and supervision. <h3>Lessons learnt</h3> We learnt that effective change relied upon good communication at all levels between lead providers, local units, and trainees. We focused on Paediatric trainees but other trainees perform the same duties in some units including GPVTS and FY2 trainees. It is important to understand their experience and support them in similar ways in order to protect patient safety. <h3>Message for others</h3> Safe neonatal care relies on adequately trained and supervised junior medical staff. Significant shortcomings were partly addressed using a collaborative approach including regional courses and support of local training. We believe that quality of care was improved by increasing the proportion of trained staff that are assessed before working independently.

3D-manufactured patient-specific models of congenital heart defects for communication in clinical practice: feasibility and acceptability

ObjectivesTo assess the communication potential of three-dimensional (3D) patient-specific models of congenital heart defects and their acceptability in clinical practice for cardiology consultations.DesignThis was a questionnaire-based study in which participants...

Information Searching Using Web Data Extraction for Acquiring Enrich MM Results

There are many question answer sites are available now a day. In that Community Question Answering Sites are achieved lots of popularity over last years. But the drawback of available question answering system is that it can only provide multiple solutions of the textual answer and user need to select one of them. In this paper, we propose a scheme that enriches the textual answer with multimedia data. Our scheme consists of four models: QA pair extraction, answer medium selection, query generation and selection and presentation. The type media information added with the textual data is determined. The question answer pair is generated from the available Community Question Answering Sites database. Query is generated for the multimedia data. The final resulting data must be selected after re-ranking and removal operation and then present to the user. Keyword-Qa pair, multimedia selection, query generation, openCV, surf

Needs Assessment for Incoming PGY-1 Residents in Neurosurgical Residency.

Residents must develop a diverse range of skills in order to practice neurosurgery safely and effectively. The purpose of this study was to identify the foundational skills required for neurosurgical trainees as they transition from medical school to residency. Based on the CanMEDS competency framework, a web-based survey was distributed to all Canadian academic neurosurgical centers, targeting incoming and current PGY-1 neurosurgical residents as well as program directors. Using Likert scale and free-text responses, respondents rated the importance of various cognitive (e.g. management of raised intracranial pressure), technical (e.g. performing a lumbar puncture) and behavioral skills (e.g. obtaining informed consent) required for a PGY-1 neurosurgical resident. Of 52 individuals contacted, 38 responses were received. Of these, 10 were from program directors (71%), 11 from current PGY-1 residents (58%) and 17 from incoming PGY-1 residents (89%). Respondents emphasized operative skills such as proper sterile technique and patient positioning; clinical skills such as lesion localization and interpreting neuro-imaging; management skills for common scenarios such as raised intracranial pressure and status epilepticus; and technical skills such as lumbar puncture and external ventricular drain placement. Free text answers were concordant with the Likert scale results. We surveyed Canadian neurosurgical program directors and PGY-1 residents to identify areas perceived as foundational to neurosurgical residency education and training. This information is valuable for evaluating the appropriateness of a training program's goals and objectives, as well as for generating a national educational curriculum for incoming PGY-1 residents.

Survey of Techniques Used for Answer Evaluation using Semantic Network

Automatic Evaluation of Free Text Answers' have become a necessity, not only for better acceptance of online learning, but also to handle the pressure of assessment of a large number of students' responses in a fatigue free pedagogically correct method in traditional learning environments. This work is aimed at developing a model to evaluate free text answers of students based on the semantic similarity it has with the model answers prepared by teachers. The model answers are prepared prior to the evaluation process and through a process of dynamic semantic network building, a model is prepared which is used in evaluation. The proposed technique should allow the flexibility of comparing a student’s answer with two or more model answers and finally evaluating it against the model answer it most closely resembles. Keywords— E-learning, automatic evaluation, semantic network. __________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________

English

Advanced Multimedia Answer generation by scraping information through web emerged as an extremely popular alternative to existing community question answering. Unfortunately, textual answers may not provide sufficient natural and easy to grasp information. It will be much better if there are some additional videos and images that visually demonstrate the process. Therefore, the textual answers in cQA can be significantly enhanced by adding multimedia contents, and it will provide answer seekers more widespread information and experience. In our system the user question is analyzed, from that the requirement of the user has been identified, then the appropriate medium of answer should be searched from the online and then it will be presented to the user. Model

Gadamer’s Logic of Question and Answer and the Difference Between the History of Philosophy and the History of Ideas

The key difference between the history of ideas and the history of philosophy is that philosophers always consider their historical studies as potentially contributing to contemporary philosophical practice. Such presentism risks anachronistic readings of texts, but a too narrow focus on the historical context of the text risks limiting its ability to contribute to contemporary philosophizing. The current discussion of the history of philosophy focus entirely on how to understand, and what we can learn from, a philosopher’s claims and arguments. Hans-Georg Gadamer offers a different focus, arguing instead that it is the questions that the text answers that generate insights for contemporary philosophical practice. His focus on questions cuts across the standard ways of thinking about the relation between the history of philosophy and the history of ideas and provides novel answers to some central issues in the philosophy of history, for example how to best articulate a principle of charity.

Developing an Alternative Math Assessment Tool Using Speech Recognition

The world today is now in the era of Information Technology. The development of ICT-based processes specifically in the area of assessment in school is now visible. Project LISTEN (Literacy Innovation that Speech Technology ENables) is an interdisciplinary research project at Carnegie Mellon University to develop a novel tool to improve literacy – an automated Reading Tutor that displays stories on a computer screen, and listens to children read aloud. This study does not provide right or wrong answers for they let the user evaluate the answer. The main objective of this study is to develop an Alternative Math Assessment Tool for Preschoolers using Speech Recognition. This software aims to assist teachers in the review of Math lessons for preschoolers using speech recognition. The development of the system utilizes the System Development Cycle approach that includes data gathering to identify system’s expected functionalities, designing the system using Use-Case Diagram, integration of JSAPI for Voice Recognition, using Synthesizer software for reading the questions out loud, a graphical display of teacher representation and a graphical display for every question in the review. Along in the development of this assessment tool is the implementation of the system. The system was developed using the Java Programming language. It also uses a MySql database to store data for preschoolers, review questions and text answers. In the conduct of the review digital microphone and a speaker is needed. The developed system is capable of creating questions for a particular review, activating a review for the preschooler to take and record the preschooler’s scores at every end of the review. The system also includes a graphical display of questions. In the conduct of the review, the system was able to read out loud the questions, and a 5-second time span for the pupil to answer the review questions. The system will listen and the feedback from the study will display the correctly uttered answer. User testing results indicate an 83% correct response of the system against the correct uttered answer of the preschooler.

RESPOSTA À RESENHA DE A ÉTICA DO USO E DA SELEÇÃO DE EMBRIÕES FEITA POR KRAUSE & MERLUSSI

Krause & Merlussi criticized the book The Ethics of the Use and Selection of Human Embryos mainly for the low level of formalization of its arguments and for other logical features. This text answers these comments by accepting some of its terminological rectifications, but also pointing that some of those criticisms are considered unnecessary requirements by the practical ethics literature.

Hamlet’s Poem to Ophelia and the Theater of the Letter

The scene of Hamlet’s letter to Ophelia (act 2, scene 2) reveals a unique moment in the theatrical presentation of epistolary feeling. In its different versions in the early texts of the play (the first two quartos and the First Folio), the typography, layout, and wording of the scene expose deep ambiguities of performance and interpretation. More than simply analyzing the vicissitudes of memory or the print shop, I argue that the textual mobility of this episode comes from its dramatic content itself: the letter raises questions about the performance of someone else’s interior condition, and each text answers those questions differently and for potentially different audiences. In the end, this scene illustrates how lyric performances signal generational distance and speak directly to the central questions of reading and behavior motivating the play.

Probleme in der integrativmedizinischen Weiterbildung von Ärzten an anthroposophischen Kliniken Deutschlands und der Schweiz

Hintergrund: Die anthroposophischen Kliniken arbeiten integrativmedizinisch, indem sie konventionelle Medizin (KON) anthroposophischmedizinisch (AM) ergänzen. Die Integrativmedizin wird dabei in der ärztlichen Weiterbildung vermittelt. Im Rahmen einer erstmaligen Untersuchung der Weiterbildungsqualität an anthroposophischen Kliniken analysierten wir die Probleme dieser Weiterbildung aus Sicht der Assistenzärzte und Weiterbilder. Methodik: Im Rahmen der Erhebung führten wir eine anonymisierte Querschnittsbefragung aller Assistenzärzte und aus- und weiterbildenden Ärzte (Weiterbilder) der 15 AM-Kliniken in Deutschland (DE) und der Schweiz (CH) mit Fragebögen der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule (ETH) Zürich durch. Der Fragebogen war durch ein anthroposophisches Modul ergänzt. Zudem führten wir deskriptive Statistiken zu den skalierten Fragen, einen statistischen Gruppenvergleich mittels zweiseitigem Mann-Whitney-U-Test und eine qualitative Inhaltsanalyse (Mayring) der Freitextantworten sowie eine Problemanalyse durch. Ergebnisse: Die Rücklaufquote in DE umfasste 89 von insgesamt 215 (41.39%) befragten Assistenzärzten und 78 von 184 (42.39%) Weiterbildern. In CH füllten 19 von 25 (76%) Assistenz-ärzten und 22 von 30 (73.33%) Weiterbildern die Fragebögen aus. Die Freitextoption zur Problemanalyse in DE und CH wurde von insgesamt 16 (14,8%) Assistenzärzten und 20 (20%) Weiterbildern genutzt. Zu den Hauptproblemen zählen ein Übermaß an Arbeitsbelastung, Mängel bei der Arbeitsorganisation, Kompetenzabgrenzung, interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit, personelle und finanzielle Ressourcen (Weiterbilder), Bezahlung (Assistenzärzte DE), Praxisbezogenheit der AM (Assistenzärzte und Weiterbilder DE), Fach- oder didaktische Kompetenz der Weiterbilder, fehlendes Interesse der Assistenzärzte an AM, Aneignungs- und Umsetzungsprobleme in AM, fehlendes Weiterbildungscurriculum in AM sowie Spannungen zwischen AM und KON. Als Gründe für die Unterschiede zwischen DE und CH werden die Existenz größerer Abteilungen und das DRG-System in DE sowie bessere strukturelle Bedingungen für die AM-Weiterbildung in CH diskutiert. Schlussfolgerung: Hauptprobleme der Weiterbildung in AM betreffen zum Teil unspezifische und systemische Aspekte, aber auch spezifische Probleme der AM selbst. Um konkrete Ansatzpunkte für Problemlösungsoptionen zu schaffen, soll diese Untersuchung ergänzt werden durch eine Analyse von Problemlösungsvorschlägen aus Sicht der betroffenen Assistenzärzte und Weiterbilder.

Automated Assessment of Short One-Line Free-Text Responses With Identifying Word Ordering

Assessment is an important activity in any educational process to evaluate the learner’s knowledge about the concepts learnt.. Evaluation through objective testing is common in all evaluation system, where Multiple Choice Questions, Fill in the Blanks, Matching etc. are used for evaluation. The method of objective testing is not sufficient to completely verify all the concepts learnt by the learner. Thus computer assisted assessment of short text answers is developed. Here we present a technique which also considers grammatical errors during automated evaluation of oneline sentence. In this paper we have define a set of evaluation criteria that covers all the relevant aspects of an essay assessment system and discussion on how this technique find syntactical errors during evaluation of student response.

Developing an Alternative Math Assessment Tool Using Speech Recognition

The world today is now in the era of Information Technology. The development of ICT-based processes specifically in the area of assessment in school is now visible. Project LISTEN (Literacy Innovation that Speech Technology ENables) is an inter-disciplinary research project at Carnegie Mellon University to develop a novel tool to improve literacy – an automated Reading Tutor that displays stories on a computer screen, and listens to children read aloud. This study does not provide right or wrong answers for they let the user evaluate the answer. The main objective of this study is to develop an Alternative Math Assessment Tool for Preschoolers using Speech Recognition. These software aims to assist teachers in the review of Math lessons for preschooler using speech recognition. The development of the system utilizes the System Development Cycle approach that includes data gathering to identify system’s expected functionalities, designing the system using Use-Case Diagram, integration of JSAPI for Voice Recognition, using Synthesizer software for reading the questions out loud, a graphical display of teacher representation and a graphical display for every questions in the review. Along in the development of this assessment tool is the implementation of the system. The system was developed using Java Programming language. It also uses MySql database to store data for preschooler, review questions and text answers. In the conduct of the review digital microphone and a speaker is needed. The developed system is capable of creating questions for a particular review, activating a review for the preschooler to take, and record the preschooler’s scores at every end of the review. The system also includes graphical display of questions. In the conduct of the review, the system was able to read out loud the questions, and a 5-second time span for the pupil to answer the review questions. The system will listen and the feedback from the study will display the correctly uttered answer. User testing results indicates an 83% correct response of system against the correct uttered answer of the preschooler.

Assessment in Digital At-scale Learning Environments

Assessment in traditional courses has been limited to either instructor grading, or problems that lend themselves well to relatively simple automation, such as multiple-choice bubble exams. Progress in educational technology, combined with economies of scale, allows us to radically increase both the depth and the accuracy of our measurements of what students learn. Increasingly, we can give rapid, individualized feedback for a wide range of problems, including engineering design problems and free-form text answers, as well as provide rich analytics that can be used to improve both teaching and learning. Data science and integration of data from disparate sources allows for increasingly inexpensive and accurate micro-assessments, such as those of open-ended textual responses, as well as estimation of higher-level skills that lead to long-term student success.

Online discussion forums with embedded streamed videos on distance courses

Existng literature on educaton and technology has frequently highlighted the usefulness of online discussion forums for distance courses; however, the majority of such investgatons have focused their atenton only on text-based forums. The objectve of this paper is to determine if the embedding of streamed videos in online discussion forums generates educatonal dialogue and consequently the feedback that students need in a Management Accountng Course . The fndings suggest some interestng issues, such as: students prefer text answers except in complex questons, and videos never replace text commentaries and explanatons, but rather complement them.