Text Books Research Articles

US-Iran Relations and its Implications on International Peace and Security

This piece analyses stages of friendly as well as ferocious relationships between United States of America (US) and the Islamic Republic of Iran. The paper identified unhealthy struggle for dominance and the attendant use of surrogates by the countries to achieve their aims. The paper objective centres on ascertaining the causes of the multi-decade sour relations between the states. With the aid of descriptive approach, data obtained from text books, journals, mass media (of international repute), and internet resources were sourced and analysed. Theoretically, Morgenthau’s political realism, with emphasis on interest defined in terms of (political, economic, military and other corollaries) of power was adopted to unravel the relation between the variables. Findings show that US and Iran were allies before a military coup that unseat the democratically elected Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadeq and restored full political powers to the Shah in 1953. There was a trilateral relation amongst Iran, US and Israel; the relationship, necessitated by the fear of Soviet expansion into Middle East by all parties and amplified by Iran’s strategic position between Far-East and Indian Ocean and the need to protect multiple US economic interests in Iran, instilled fears and suspicion among Sunni majority of the region. The paper, also, traces the non-Arab cultural, linguistic, and historic Judeo and Persian national identities distinct in an otherwise predominantly Sunni-Arab region. Also that a US-Iran war portent the ability to suspend the fragile peace in the Middle East and further wreck the relations between US and host of Iranian super allies. Thus, the paper recommends among others that, there is need for the two sides to maintain their border of influence to allow peace and stability of the international political system though anarchically laden.

Governance, Education and Creative Potentials of Nigerian Graduates: A Discourse

One of the cardinal goals of education in every nation is to develop the minds, creative potentials and skills of the citizens. This can be achieved through a well thought out plans and policies of government, whose constitutional responsibilities include: the formulation and implementation of workable educational policies. Therefore, this study is an attempt to explore the extent of success and failure of education policy in Nigeria with specific focus on the creative potentials and skills of Nigerian graduates for job creation and self reliance, which is one of the goals of education policy in Nigeria. To achieve its objective, the paper adopted the descriptive method of research, in which data provided and analyzed were generated from secondary sources - journals, text books, government publications and internet materials. Findings revealed amongst others that, the rate of unemployment, criminality, insurgency, kidnapping and other social vices are not only consequences of poor implementation of education policy, but also, the unemployability and inability of most Nigerian graduates to create jobs and become self reliant, form part of the resultant effects of poor standard/quality of education in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the paper recommended, amongst others that, for Nigerian graduates to practically develop and utilize their creative potentials and skills for job creation and self reliance, teaching/learning should, indeed, be practical, activity-based, experimental and ICT supported, especially in the sciences, and entrepreneurship development. Government should not only make provisions for financial empowerment that will guarantee a smooth takeoff of creative ventures, but should also, ensure strict supervision to ensure that the money gets to the right individuals and utilized for the purpose for which it was disbursed (job creation).

Content analysis of the independent curriculum physics science textbook from the perspective of critical thinking aspects and HOTS

This study aims to reveal characteristics of critical thinking and cognitive elements in HOTS category questions from the Independent Curriculum Senior High School Physics Science Textbook in the material of Magnitudes and Measurements. This content analysis study employs the descriptive analysis method, as well as qualitative and quantitative approaches. The Science Textbook Physics independent curriculum for class X Senior High School was utilized as the study's sample. According to the findings of this study, the two text books evaluated elevate critical thinking features such as interpretation, analysis, evaluation, explanation, inference, and self-regulation, with the aspect of interpretation prevailing at 35.14% in book A and 33.35% in book B. While the findings of the HOTS category question analysis for both books revealed that both books discovered HOTS category questions with components of analyzing (C4) and evaluating (C5), no HOTS categories were discovered for the element of creating (C6). Most of the problems in the two books are still dominated by LOTS (low order thinking skill) questions, indicating that learning to think at a higher level requires more than just textbooks and direct instruction from the teacher. As a result, in order for students to think at a higher level, direct instruction from the teacher is required.

Etika Komunikasi Pada Media Sosial Berdasarkan Perspektif Al-Qur’an


 The rise of misinformation and lies on social media is one of the unrest that occurs in society which has a negative impact on social life, this incident is because there are still many people who are not wise when using social media to communicate with fellow citizens. The purpose of this writing is to examine the ethics of communication that can be applied by social media users in accordance with the views of the Qur'an so that these social media users get many positive impacts in their lives. writing this article using the method of literature study or library research type of text book analysis. Textbook analysis is reading a number of textbooks for reference. The books used are books on interpretation, books on communication ethics, and books on social media, plus related journals. The results of this writing are obtained in using social media must follow good procedures or rules or commonly referred to as ethics. Communication ethics that are in accordance with the teachings of the Qur'an, namely Qaulan Karima (Q.S Al-Isra verse 23), Qaulan Sadida (Q.S Al-Ahzab verse 70), Qaulan Baligha (Q.S An-Nisa verse 63), Qaulan Layyinan (Q.S Thaha verse 44), Qaulan Maysiura (Q.S Al-Isra verse 28). These communication ethics must be used by social media users so that good relations are established between fellow users and bring good and keep away from bad for its users in personal life and social life.
 Keywords: Communication Ethics, Social Media, Al-Qur'an

Prospect and challenges of integrating indigenous knowledge systems into the Natural Science curriculum in schools

The study explored the prospect and challenge of integrating Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) into the Natural Science (NS) curriculum in schools. An interpretivist research philosophy was employed to guide the data collection process that utilized a qualitative research approach and a case study research design. Interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect data from purposively selected NS Heads of Departments (HODs), NS teachers and Head masters in Phongola schools. Findings revealed that IKS has benefits in the NS curriculum, such as contextualising education and acting as learners’ prior knowledge, promoting diversity in class and making it possible for teachers to use field trips and traditional visual materials when delivering instruction in NS classes. Findings also revealed that integrating IKS into the NS curriculum faced challenges like a lack of government commitment to review education policies, lack of IKS study material in schools and extinction of IKS. It was recommended, that the Department of Basic Education should review its policies and integrate IKS as a full knowledge strand in the NS curriculum, document IKS as a full knowledge stand in the NS text books and incorporate IKS in teacher training programmes. Schools should use IKS custodians in communities as resource persons and also involve parents to help their children with their homework on IKS related topics and activities.

Okuma Becerileri Kitabının Metin ve Sorularının İncelenmesi

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı 2022-2023 eğitim-öğretim yılında Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından destek kitap olarak dağıtılan 4. sınıflar için Okuma Becerileri kitabının metinlerinin ve sorularını betimsel olarak incelemektir. Yöntem ve Araçlar: Bu araştırmada doküman analizi deseni kullanılmıştır. 4.sınıf Okuma Becerileri kitabı iki araştırmacı tarafından betimsel analize taabi tutulmuştur. Kitapta yer alan metinlerin, metinsel yapısı ve okunabilirlik düzeyleri incelenmiştir. Kitapta yer alan sorular ise Barrett taksonomisinde yer alan bilişsel düzeylere göre değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar: Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre kitapta kullanılan metinlerinin büyük birçoğunun okunabilirlik düzeylerinin orta güçlükte olduğu metinlerin %80’inin bilgilendirici metin türünde olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Kitaptaki soruların büyük bir bölümünün açık uçlu sorulardan oluştuğu ve çoktan seçmeli sorulara da kitapta sık sık yer verildiği görüşmüştür. Soruların Barrett Taksonomisine göre sınıflandırılması sonucunda ise basit anlama sorularının kitapta diğer basamaklardan fazla yer aldığı ortaya çıkmıştır.

Impact of Oil Pipeline Transportation and Vandalization on Economic Development in Ikwerre Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria

This study is on the impact of pipeline transportation and vandalization on economic development in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State. Pipeline transportation is the preferred means of transportation of petroleum products in Nigeria. Significantly, this mode of transporting petroleum products has also become a major source of concern in that it appears to negatively affect the economic development of communities in the Niger Delta region. The study therefore, explores the impact of pipeline vandalization on economic development of Ikwerre Local Government Area. The methodology is qualitative. Data for the study is sourced from text books, newspapers, magazines, journals, periodicals, and documented materials. The findings highlight that the damage from pipeline operations has become chronic and cumulative and has compromised livelihoods and health of the impoverished communities leading to further economic under-development. The study recommends adoption of effective sustainable reforms to encourage responsible petroleum transportation activities in ways that will discourage vandalization and positively influence economic development of host communities in the near and long term.

Research on the Work of the Age of Renaissance

The main research will focus on the works of the Renaissance and the thoughts of the Humanists. In this work, we will have the discussion of the definition of the perfect society and human qualities in the age of the renaissance, and we will select some works from William Shakespeare and Dante Alighieri and try to find their expectations of the new society and their idea about what quality a man should have. Meanwhile, the research will also quote the words from other works of the age of the Renaissance, and some folktales will also be discussed to analyze the citizens' attitude towards society. At the end of the paper, Hedonism and Asceticism will also be discussed. The main tools that will be used in this research will be book manuscripts and historical and sociological analysis. This study will be mainly based on the original text of the authors book. This work will interpret my thoughts through these masterpieces, and we will have a conclusion of what is the perfect society in their eyes. They also discuss whether their ideas have any real-world implications. (Some of the ideas in the following article have not been fully demonstrated. Please ignore and forgive if there is any offense.)

“We Don’t Know Enough About It”: Student Perceptions of Judaism as a Race, Religion, or Ethnicity

This study was designed to explore elementary students’ existing religious literacy about Judaism alongside how they respond to a series of lessons about Judaism that utilize a picture book text set and discussion-based teaching strategies. Participants in the study were third-grade students at a private Christian school in the South. Data was collected via recorded observations, analytic memos, field notes of the recorded observations, and student work. Results indicate that students entered the unit with little to no religious literacy about Judaism. Through participation in the lessons, students gained religious literacy about the Jewish religion, thinking critically about Judaism in relation to their own religious beliefs. They also responded in ways that indicate a humanizing connection between the students and the culture they are investigating.

Spatialisation of non-linear narratives through intertextual reading

This paper explores spatial strategies created through a non-linear continuity of narratives, instead of chronological ones. It employs the creation of multiple narrative possibilities by spatialisation mechanism as a new way of reading an intertextual narrative. This research explores different themes of spatial narratives based on the book Penguin Hate Stuff by Greg Stones. The study utilises the mechanism of spatial manipulation using horizontal and vertical axis towards the episodic events portrayed in the book, questioning the original intertextuality of the book's text, and opening up multiple re-interpretations. The explorations of non-linear narratives demonstrate strategies of spatialisation based on the stitched landscape, the opposition of roles, and collective multiverse possibilities. This study expands the current practice of narratives and architecture by re-reading narrative episodic events in a non-linear way, creating open-ended possibilities.

Analisis Kedalaman Materi Metabolisme Sel pada Mata Pelajaran Biologi SMA Kurikulum Nasional 2013

The curriculum is a set of plans and Settings on purpose, content, and study materials and ways used as a guide to the learning activities arrangements to achieve specific goals. The lesson materials intended in the curriculum need a means to get to the learners. These are possible in various forms, one of which is in the form of a textbook. A good textbook covers all KD and conforms to established content standards. The worthiness of the text book's contents can be judged by the material completeness, the breadth of the material, and the depth of the material contained within it. This observation is intended to analyze the depth of the cell's metabolic materials on the biological subjects of the 2013 national curriculum of the high school, based on a basic competence of the 2013 curriculum from the breadth and depth of matter. The observation method used is the study of literature by searching for information on the matter of observation to be discussed. Based on analysis of some literature studies, it was obtained that the depth of discussion of metabolic materials in common biological subjects in high schools is quite deep. However, the depth varies from one school to another.

Evaluation of Siddha Compound Formulation Mahathoothulai chooranam in Combating Respiratory Illness: A Narrative Review

Siddha medicine is an ancient Indian medical system originated in South India. The holistic approach of the Siddha system finds cure for many ailments and also guides to a perfect living right from conception to death. The ‘S’ in the acronym AYUSH represents Siddha. The Siddha multiherbal formulation Mahathuthulathi chooranam, found in the classical text book Koshayi Anuboga Vaithiya Bramma Ragasiyam - part 2, is indicated for Aiyam (Phlegm) predominant diseases. The review seeks to establish the documented literature on the therapeutic efficacy of the Mahathuthulai chooranam in respiratory illness through a critical review. It was carried out by searching Siddha classic texts from the library of Siddha Central Research Institute, electronic search engines, databases such as Google scholar, Pub Med Central, NLM, Mendeley, Embase, Science Direct etc. The results of the review suggest that the drug can be a part of the comprehensive treatment of adverse respiratory illnesses in addition to prevention of complications in vulnerable risk patients. The drug is substantiated to be a safe and efficacious drug in treating acute respiratory illnesses through supporting evidences. A robust clinical trial is essential to evaluate the clinical outcomes to prove the drug’s efficiency.

Cohesion In the Texts of Arabic Textbooks Written by Indonesian Authors

Arabiyyah Li al-Hayât (ALH) is a book about learning Arabic as a second language written by non-native speakers. The State Islamic University of Malang uses this book as an Arabic learning book. This paper analyses the cohesion in the reading texts (nushush Qira‘ah) used for learning Arabic reading skills in the book. This library research uses a descriptive-qualitative approach. This study found that reading texts have several kinds of cohesion markers, both grammatical and lexical cohesion. Grammatical cohesion marker includes the use of pronoun personas and the use of conjunction markers. Lexical cohesion marker includes the use of repetition, that is, the repetition of words. The researchers also found reading texts in ALH books that lacked a relationship of greatness in them.
 Keywords: cohesion, Arabic, reading skill, non-native speaker

Artificial intelligence in scientific writing: a friend or a foe?

The generative pre-trained transformer, ChatGPT, is a chatbot that could serve as a powerful tool in scientific writing. ChatGPT is a so-called large language model (LLM) that is trained to mimic the statistical patterns of language in an enormous database of human-generated text combined from text in books, articles and websites across a wide range of domains. ChatGPT can assist scientists with material organization, draft creation and proofreading, making it a valuable tool in research and publishing. This paper discusses the use of this artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot in academic writing by presenting one simplified example. Specifically, it reflects our experience of using ChatGPT to draft a scientific article for Reproductive BioMedicine Online and highlights the pros, cons and concerns associated with using LLM-based AI for generating a manuscript.

Critical Discourse Analysis of Gender Representation in Grade Seven English Language Subject in The Ministry of Education in Afghanistan

The present investigation of gender representation in English textbooks in the Afghanistan context uses critical discourse analysis. The data were collected from the content of the school texts book that was taught to seven grade English language learners. The research used Fairclough’s (1995) three-dimensional framework to analyze the data. Variables like women and men's social and domestic roles, visibility of females and males, females and males’ activities, females and males’ semantic roles, and pictorial representation were analyzed to make clear hidden sides of inequalities or power misbalance between men and women. The finding of this study displayed that the seven grade textbooks were discriminated in favor of males in definite roles of activities. For instance, men occupied the role of prayer, engineer, and pilot, shepherded more than women. The study also showed that the textbook displayed bias between women and men in terms of pictorial, representation visibility, and some activities roles in which men had the upper hand. The result also depicted that there existed stereotypical roles and activities associated with males and females in these books men and women were presented with bias in terms of social status, power, and dominance. In other words, there was significant discrimination and anti-feminism in the analyzed textbooks.

ANALISIS MATERI AJAR BUKU TEKS “AYO MEMAHAMI BAHASA ARAB UNTUK MTS KELAS IX” KARYA HASAN SAEFULLOH DITINJAU DARI TEORI MACKEY

This thesis examines the suitability of the teaching material of the textbook "Let's Understand Arabic for MTs Class IX" by Hasan Saefulloh in terms of the theory of Mackey. The background of the problem in this research is that many Arabic text books in several schools and Islamic boarding schools have not been adapted to the learning process of Indonesians. The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability of the teaching material for the textbook "Let's Understand Arabic for MTs Class IX" by Hasan Saefulloh in terms of the theory of William Francis Mackey. This research method uses a qualitative approach and the type of research used is library research. The data collection technique in this study is the documentation method. The data analysis technique in this study used content analysis. The results showed that the textbook "Let's Understand Arabic for Class IX MTs" by Hasan Saefulloh met the selection well because of the objectives of a language learning program, the level of proficiency of students, and the length of a program. Good gradations because they are presented with rules from easy to difficult rules. The presentation is good because the start page is equipped with instructions for using the book for teachers, and each chapter is very well supported with adequate pictorials. Repetition is good because at the end of each chapter there are lots of practice questions and are equipped with examples of Final Semester Examination questions, both Odd and Even semesters.

Attitudes and usage of visual-aids in graduate student learning of gross anatomy at Makerere University.

The increasing numbers of students studying human anatomy at Makerere University are beginning to overwhelm available resources, which presents challenges in learning and necessitates an evaluation of alternative ways to enhance anatomy learning.The increasing numbers of students overwhelm resources available and presents challenges in learning. This necessitates an evaluation of alternatives to enhance gross anatomy learning at Makerere University College of Health Sciences. The study aimed to assess the usage of visual aids and generate necessary information to enhance learning. A cross-sectional study employing a concurrent triangulation mixed method design was conducted among 44 graduate students actively participating in cadaveric dissection. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires and two focus group discussions. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to summarize data. Most participants were male (77.3%) with a mean age of 31.5 years (SD 3.9, Range, 27-45 years). A majority of graduate students reported using non-traditional methods (online sources) to supplement learning. Students commonly used hard copies of Cunningham Manual of Practical Anatomy (88.6%) supplemented with well-illustrated textbooks (79.5%) and online dissection videos (72.7%). Students expressed most satisfaction with the use of videos and well-illustrated text books in supplementing learning. The availability of these electronic resources was limited by factors such as poor internet connectivity and the need to pay for online licenses and subscription fees. Graduate students in the Department of Anatomy at MakCHS are using non-traditional methods to supplement their learning. However, there are several challenges to accessing digital resources. There is a need to support students with accessing visual aids through integrating newer teaching modalities and modern technology to promote interest and retention of anatomical knowledge.

Prediction of Gender-Biased Perceptions of Learners and Teachers Using Machine Learning

Computers have enabled diverse and precise data processing and analysis for decades. Researchers of humanities and social sciences are increasingly adopting computational tools such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to analyse human behaviour in society by identifying patterns within data. In this regard, this paper presents the modelling of teachers and students’ perceptions regarding gender bias in text books through AI. The data was collected from 470 respondents through a questionnaire using five different themes. The data was analysed with support vector machines (SVM), decision trees (DT), random forest (RF) and artificial neural networks (ANN). The experimental results show that the prediction of perceptions regarding gender varies according to the theme and leads to the different performances of the AI techniques. However, it is observed that when data from all the themes are combined, the best results are obtained. The experimental results show that ANN, on average, demonstrates the best performance by achieving an accuracy of 87.2%, followed by RF and SVM, which demonstrate an accuracy of 84% and 80%, respectively. This paper is significant in modelling human behaviour in society through AI, which is a significant contribution to the field.

A comparative clinical study on the effect of Takra Basti and Erandamooladi Niruha Basti in the management of Grahani (IBS)

Background-Grahani roga described in classical text books of Ayurveda represents a group of disorders of digestive system caused by impairment of Agni. Grahani is such a disorder, where in its significance is emphasized by its inclusion among Ashta maha gadas. Aim & Objective- To evaluate the efficacy of Takra Basti and Erandamooladi Niruha Basti individually in each group in the management of Grahani. To compare the efficacy of Takra Basti and Erandamooladi Niruha Basti in the management of Grahani. Methodology- Patients were selected from college attached Hospital of NKJ AMC Bidar. Sample size -A total of 30 patients were selected GROUP A: 15 patients were treated with Takra Basti and Changeryadighrita Anuvasana Basti. GROUP B: 15 patients were treated with Erandamooladi Niruha Basti and Changeryadighrita Anuvasana Basti, Discussion &Conclusion-Among the types of Grahani, clinical features of vataja Grahani have at most similarities with the clinical features of irritable bowel syndrome. Diagnostic criteria of IBS i.e. Rome III criteria is same as the Pratyatmaka lakshanas of Grahani. Takra Basti is having more pratyagamana kala than Eradamooladi Niruha Basti. Both Takra Basti and Eradamooladi Niruha Basti Showed significant results in all the parameters. The efficacy of the treatment group A results was statistically significant of all parameters statistically even after follow up period compared to group B. Hence it can be concluded that IBS can be treated in Ayurveda under the treatment principles of Vataja Grahani.

Birds in Medieval English Poetry: Metaphors, Realities, Transformations

Birds in Medieval English Poetry: Metaphors, Realities, Transformations