Version Of Text Research Articles

Zwischen Anthologisierung und Eigenwerbung

Abstract The four collections of Delitiae, arranged by nation, which the Heidelberg professor and librarian Janus Gruterus published between 1608 and 1614 in a total of fifteen volumes, far exceed the scope of earlier Neo-Latin anthologies. However, the selection principles of the individual pieces, the arrangement and classification of the poems, the relationship of their respective text versions to earlier drafts or editions, and the precise aims and ambitions that Gruterus had for this project still await detailed investigation. In this article, only one facet of this set of questions will be examined in depth. In the second volume of his Delitiae C. poetarum Belgicorum, Gruterus fills around 200 pages with his own poems. An attempt will be made to interpret what this self-anthologization reveals about the genesis and impact of Gruterus’ Neo-Latin anthologies.

Identification of Z Cam's Historical Counterpart: The Quest for an Ancient Nova

In recent astronomical discussions, attempts have been made to link the known dwarf nova Z Cam to historical celestial events, particularly the “guest star” phenomenon reported in China in 77 BCE. Despite other suggestions and the problems with regard to the location of the event in 77 BCE, its identification with Z Cam is used in the Variable Star Index of the AAVSO and in several research papers that aim to derive knowledge on the evolution of cataclysmic variables. Through the reconstruction of the super-constellation of the Purple Palace in the Han Dynasty, we found that Z Cam is actually located outside this enclosure, contradicting the records of the 77 BCE guest star being “within the Purple Palace.” With newly found text versions of the guest star in 77 BCE, we narrowed down the position given therein. Combining with a new analysis of accompanying divination text leads to the conclusion that this guest star was actually a comet. Finally, through meticulous examination and comparison, we conclude that the guest star of 369 CE appears the most plausible candidate for Z Cam’s historical counterpart, aligning with both textual evidence and modern astronomical observations.

A Revision of a Translation Generated by Artificial Intelligence

This study focuses on the English version of an ethnographic text translated by ChatGPT, a new technology that utilises Artificial Intelligence (AI). The purpose of the study is to evaluate the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic aspects of the translation to assess the strengths and weaknesses of this translation technology presented as a formidable tool that is poised to replace translators and render them unemployed. The method used is qualitative. It interprets the text in the Source Language (SL) and evaluates the translation against criteria of fidelity to the meaning of the SL text, cohesion of the discourse in the Target Language, and respect for the cultural context. The data, manually extracted from the translated text, consists of errors and mistakes found in the translation. The data analysis is conducted following Andrew Chesterman's theory on the three aforementioned translation strategies. The results of the study reveal that contrary to the current propaganda, ChatGPT primarily engages in literal translation. It does not engage in oblique translation. Indeed, errors and mistakes of syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic nature are abundant. Procedures such as transposition, modulation, foreignization, domestication, adaptation, transediting, etc., are almost unknown to it. At the current stage, ChatGPT is a tool that contains a vast number of words and can effectively assist translators in their work. It is too early to envision a scenario where this technology would replace experienced translators. Current scientific research trends should incorporate ChatGPT.

Visible masters and invisible students? Educational translation in the early modern Low Countries

ABSTRACT In the sixteenth-century Low Countries, a market developed for a specific type of translation, designed for educational purposes. From the second half of the century onward, in particular, many bilingual editions appeared, presenting two versions of the same texts parallel to each other. These works furnished authoritative models that students could use to verify their own translation exercises. Children whose native language was Dutch, both boys and girls, used the pedagogical tool of translation to learn the prestigious French language that was crucial for a career in international trade or public service, or Latin, required for an academic trajectory. In this context, translation not only offered an authoritative published end product, but also an educational activity. This article maps the visibility of the various actors involved in these educational translations: printers, schoolmasters, and students. By analysing published schoolbooks designed for translation exercises, as well as handwritten material by schoolmasters and their pupils, it explores the involvement of different actors of translation and questions to what extent the activities of student translators can be retraced.

Sentiment analysis of Chinese ancient poetry based on multidimensional knowledge attention

Abstract Poetry was a unique literary genre in ancient China as an important way to express sentiments. Chinese ancient poetry not only has simple words, strict meters, and rich semantic relationships, but also widely use rhetorical techniques such as simile and personification, as well as metaphorical means such as allusion and imagery, which makes it difficult to understand their implicit sentiments quickly and accurately. Therefore, this article attempts to make full use of the semantic features of Chinese ancient poetry text and the knowledge feature of related domains under the guidance of the research paradigm of digital intelligence integration and, based on which, proposed Sentiment Analysis Model of Chinese Ancient Poetry based on Multidimensional Knowledge Attention. This model extracts semantic features from Chinese ancient poetry text, meanwhile designs a multidimensional knowledge attention to extract knowledge features from the knowledge base of Chinese ancient poetry. The recognition of Chinese ancient poetry sentiment is performed by integrating the textual feature and knowledge feature. Comparison experiments on the open ancient poetry corpus verified the effectiveness of the proposed model, and the ablation experiment explored the importance of different knowledge to the sentiment analysis result of Chinese ancient poetry.

Easy read health information for people with intellectual disabilities: A linguistic discourse analysis. What happens to language when it is simplified?

Easy Read health documents prepared for people with intellectual disabilities are often generated from Standard Texts. Language in Easy Read versions is typically assumed to be simpler. However, simplification of language may have unintended consequences. This study aimed to explore the differences in language used between Easy Read health material and the Standard Text versions of the same material produced for the general population. Five Easy Read/Standard Text pairs were sampled and analysed using Systemic Functional Linguistics. This addressed: how people with intellectual disabilities and others were represented by language, the author stance in relation to the reader and the overall organisation of the text. The Easy Read versions often used language that was less empowering and inclusive. Increased awareness of author power and better knowledge of the impact of language choice could help to redress these issues.

Text als System

Abstract The paper examines the development of Hans Zeller’s editorial views, focusing on the adaptation of semiological structuralism, especially his attempts to frame texts as ‘systems of signs’. Zeller suggests that even a single variant constitutes a new version („Fassung“). While being an influential centerpiece in the development of Zeller’s theoretical views up to the mid-1970s, his application of structuralist concepts to editorial theory is fraught with difficulties. Specifically, Saussure’s notion of the systemic character of language (‹langue›) is not applicable to single texts. Zeller’s claims to this effect are not supported by either Miroslav Červenka, whom Zeller most prominently cites, or by the linguistic theory of Ferdinand de Saussure. The problem of establishing and justifying a viable notion of text versions for editorial theory remains unresolved up to this day. Zeller’s temporary commitment to theory (specifically to semiological structuralism) may even have inadvertently undermined the project to build a shared editorial methodology.

Sentiment Analysis of Chinese Ancient Poetry Based on Multidimensional Attention Under the Background of Digital Intelligence Integration

Abstract Poetry was a unique literary genre in ancient China as an important way to express sentiments. Chinese ancient poetry not only has simple words, strict meters and rich semantic relationships, but also widely uses rhetorical techniques such as simile and personification, as well as metaphorical means such as allusion and imagery, which makes it difficult to understand their implicit sentiments quickly and accurately. Therefore, this paper attempts to make full use of the semantic features of Chinese ancient poetry text and the knowledge feature of related domains under the guidance of the research paradigm of digital intelligence integration, and based on which, proposed Sentiment Analysis Model of Chinese Ancient Poetry based on Multidimensional Attention (SAMCAP). This model extracts semantic features from Chinese ancient poetry text, meanwhile designs a multidimensional attention to extract the knowledge feature from the knowledge base of Chinese ancient poetry. The recognition of Chinese ancient poetry sentiment is performed by integrating the textual feature and knowledge feature. Comparison experiments on the open ancient poetry corpus verified the effectiveness of the proposed model, and the ablation experiment explored the importance of different knowledge to the sentiment analysis result of Chinese ancient poetry.

Der Beitrag der Übersetzung Jakobs von Venedig zur Überlieferung der aristotelischen Metaphysik

AbstractThe first Latin translation of Aristotle's Metaphysics of which we know was made only in the mid-12th century, by James of Venice († after 1148), and is transmitted for books I–IV, 4 (1007a31). James' Greek model, which came not down to us, was older than most of the c. 50 Greek manuscripts containing the Metaphysics and can be reconstructed through the Latin translation itself, carried out verbum de verbo. The present article aims to precisely identify the position of James' Greek model in the tradition, i.e. the stemma codicum of Dieter Harlfinger from 1979. As the collation against the independent Greek tradition reveals, the Translatio Iacobi happens to be the oldest tangible member of the δ-family and part of a special, southern Italian branch of the transmission that seems to have been the prevailing text version of the Metaphysics in the Terra d’Otranto from the 13th to the 15th century.

Towards a Pedagogy of Ancient Egyptian Language and Hieroglyphs

This paper discusses the challenges of teaching the Middle Egyptian language and Egyptian hieroglyphs to adult anglophone learners outside university settings. These challenges include the lack of L1 speakers; the large volume of signs in the script; the difficulty in reconstructing pronunciation due to the paucity of written vowels; and the lack of accessible learning tools such as readers and textbooks for the intermediate stage. As spoken proficiency in this extinct language is not a feasible goal, it is argued here that teaching should revolve around achieving reading competence. The paper advocates for a pedagogical approach that centres on using vocabulary, including variant spellings, as the fundamental building blocks of learning. This entails reading words, sentences and paragraphs of increasing complexity, which over time aids memorisation of vocabulary and builds confidence. Grammar and syntax can be gradually introduced and contextualised by reading practice sentences. It is also argued here that producing digitised versions of ancient Egyptian texts using hieroglyphic font software such as JSesh allows for the creation of practice texts in a standardised and legible format. This, in turn, makes it possible to use pedagogical aids such as adding spaces between words and adding signs omitted by the ancient scribes. Finally, it is argued that learning vocabulary and grammar is enhanced by discussions of the wider semantic and cultural meaning(s) of the ancient text in question.

What Can We Learn from the 21st Century Translator Pen? A Case Analysis on Comparing English-to-Chinese Rendition Differences between Human and Machine Translation

This study investigated and compared differences in rendering from the same English source text into two versions of target text in Chinese produced respectively by human and machine translator represented by translator pen. Using news report as case analysis, this study found that improper segmentation of punctuation marks appeared most frequently in machine translation, followed by lexical vacancy, and by inconsistency of terms. This study also identified rendition differences between human and machine translation in the handling of terms as well as in the treatment of punctuation marks. Overall, the human translator showed more flexibility in the selection of words to match target text expression than the machine translator.

Amy Carlson, Reading Mediated Life Narratives: Auto/Biographical Agency in the Book, Museum, Social Media, and Archives

In Reading Mediated Life Narratives: Auto/Biographical Agency in the Book, Museum, Social Media, and Archives, Amy Carlson, leveraging her background as a librarian, delves into the nuanced mediations influencing life narratives, with keen awareness of (im)materiality, (re)formatting, text versions, and the reading experience. Expanding upon Anna Poletti’s insights, Carlson highlights the critical importance of both materiality and mediation in the analysis of (self-)life inscriptions. She emphasizes embodiment as a pivotal concern in life writing scholarship, stressing the significance of understanding auto/biographical texts as objects. By delving into Sarah Kember and Joanna Zylinska’s concept of ‘original technicity’ (2012), which asserts that humans have always relied on external technologies to navigate life, Carlson articulates how human experiences are inherently mediated.

Revisiting the Treaty between Spain and Sulu of 1836/37

Abstract This essay focuses on the Sulu-Mindanao-Borneo region in the 1830s and zooms in on the Capitulaciones (Spanish) and the Kapiturasyun (Tausug) of a treaty concluded between the Spanish Crown and the Sultanate of Sulu of 1836/37. It compares the different versions of the treaty texts from the perspective of a system of treaties across the region. Uneven historiographical attention has led to myth-building and a controversy over whether the treaty would have established Spanish sovereignty over the Sulu sultanate. To add nuance to this claim, the study examines the specificities of the treaties together with a large set of complementary sources. A deep, comparative reading sheds light on the motivations, and strategies that accompanied the entire process of planning, negotiating, and ratifying of the treaty and the consequences it had both for directly and indirectly participating parties.

A Systematic Review Analysis on Instructional Leadership Styles: Exploring Research Foci, Conceptual Models, Methodological Designs, and Geographical Distributions

Aims: This study explored the various literature on Instructional leadership of secondary school principals. This study aimed to answer the following questions based on (1) the geographic distribution of the distributed leadership literature published globally; (2) methodological designs (qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods) have been adopted and data collection tools used; (3) the nature of literature in terms of research foci; and (4) conceptual frameworks/models are predominant in the relevant literature publications between 2012 and 2022. Study Design: Systematic review analysis. Place and Duration of Study: The systematic review of existing literature was carried-out last 2023 and analyzed relevant studies on instructional leadership from 2012-2022. Methodology: This study utilized the systematic review analysis using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) as the functional research design in answering the research questions. The study used the Google scholar and Eric as the main database search platform for seeking relevant literature. These databases have an advanced search method to set the desired operative words, the year of publication, and it provides the data based such as in-full text version, peer-reviewed, written in English, research design, etc. Results: As a result of the systematic analysis, this study exposed notable variations in terms of research design employed, and the locale of the study. Based on the synthesis of the various research studies, it was observed that instructional leadership is currently being studied against students, teachers, and school performances. Moreover, the widely used conceptual framework used was exploratory, and a direct effect model. Conclusion: Finally, the framework provided by this study and the overview of the challenges outlined here may help to improve the delivery of instructional leadership among secondary school principals and will serve as the foundation for future research projects and policy decisions.

Annotation of epilepsy clinic letters for natural language processing

BackgroundNatural language processing (NLP) is increasingly being used to extract structured information from unstructured text to assist clinical decision-making and aid healthcare research. The availability of expert-annotated documents for the development and validation of NLP applications is limited. We created synthetic clinical documents to address this, and to validate the Extraction of Epilepsy Clinical Text version 2 (ExECTv2) NLP pipeline.MethodsWe created 200 synthetic clinic letters based on hospital outpatient consultations with epilepsy specialists. The letters were double annotated by trained clinicians and researchers according to agreed guidelines. We used the annotation tool, Markup, with an epilepsy concept list based on the Unified Medical Language System ontology. All annotations were reviewed, and a gold standard set of annotations was agreed and used to validate the performance of ExECTv2.ResultsThe overall inter-annotator agreement (IAA) between the two sets of annotations produced a per item F1 score of 0.73. Validating ExECTv2 using the gold standard gave an overall F1 score of 0.87 per item, and 0.90 per letter.ConclusionThe synthetic letters, annotations, and annotation guidelines have been made freely available. To our knowledge, this is the first publicly available set of annotated epilepsy clinic letters and guidelines that can be used for NLP researchers with minimum epilepsy knowledge. The IAA results show that clinical text annotation tasks are difficult and require a gold standard to be arranged by researcher consensus. The results for ExECTv2, our automated epilepsy NLP pipeline, extracted detailed epilepsy information from unstructured epilepsy letters with more accuracy than human annotators, further confirming the utility of NLP for clinical and research applications.

Figurative and Motivational Situations of the «Saryanov» Corpus of Russian Poetry

Figurative-motivic situations combine the consideration of frequency named entities with the motives assigned to them, which are repeated by different authors. This is how the patterns of the local text are formed. In this context, the figurative-motivic situations associated with the name of the artist Martiros Saryan are considered as one of the patterns of the Armenian text of Russian poetry. In the «Saryan» corpus collected by the authors of the article, two main figurative situations were identified: 1) epiphany, comprehension. It is implemented in two versions: a) the lyrical subject comprehends Saryan's work after seeing Armenia; b) the lyrical subject comprehends Armenia after getting acquainted with Saryan's work. This situation of comprehension is semantically central in the poems, because it illustrates the inner transformation of the lyrical subject, his transformation; 2) aging. It is realized simultaneously in two versions, projecting on life and on art: a) Saryan person grows old, he is mortal; 2) Saryan-creator, his art are timeless, immortal. This is a universal lyrical situation that develops eternal themes of life, death and art. Only the first situation refers to the formation of the Armenian text, emphasizing the necessary participation of Saryan in the comprehension of Armenia by a lyrical subject.

Problem-Based Learning Model Assisted by Graphic Media in Poetry Text Learning for Fourth Grade Elementary School Students

This research aims to explain the problem-based learning model assisted by graphic media in learning poetry texts for fourth-grade elementary school students, as well as the process of implementing it in learning. The research was conducted in the 2022/2023 Academic Year, Even Semester, at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Zaytun, Sandrem Village, Gantar District, Indramayu Regency, with fourth-grade students in West Java Province. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method. The research design used is research and development (Research and Development) with the ADDIE model. The steps/phases of development include: Analysis, Design, Development or Production, Implementation or Delivery, and Evaluation. Data collection methods include interviews, questionnaires, observations, written tests, and performance assessments. The results of the research show that the design of a problem-based learning model assisted by graphic media in learning poetry texts for fourth-grade elementary school students is a new learning model developed from a problem-based learning model associated with graphic media, making learning more meaningful. The assessment results of the learning model design and media use were 70.5%, categorized as suitable for use. The learning media expert assessment results of 80% indicate that the learning media is suitable for use. Meanwhile, based on the results of the implementation of the problem-based learning model assisted by graphic media in learning poetry texts, the assessment results were 38 out of 44, or 86.4%, indicating that the implementation of the learning model was very suitable for use. Based on the data above, it is evident that a problem-based learning model assisted by graphic media in learning poetry texts for fourth-grade elementary school students is highly needed.

Translating Arabic Free Poetry Texts into English by ChatGPT: Success and Failure

The purpose of this study is to examine the success and failure of ChatGPT in translating some Arabic free poetry texts selected from Wahib's 'Hulm 'ala Nasiat Aljabin 'A Dream on the Corners of Nostalgia.’ In this study, we examined ChatGPT’s ability in the translation field. In particular, the focus is on translating in Arabic context. The free poetry texts were first translated by the authors and then by ChatGPT. Both translations were then analyzed and compared to find out to what extent ChatGPT translation deviates from human translation. A qualitative approach is adopted with the help of comparative and analytical methods. The results show that ChatGPT is, to some extent, successful in producing a natural English translation of the Arabic poems in this study. In contrast, humans adopt translation strategies like paraphrasing, adapting, recreating, and transliteration. ChatGPT adopts translation strategies like paraphrasing addition, word-for-word, and literal translation. However, there is no care for the aesthetic values in ChatGPT’s translation, and many types of translation errors result from applying these strategies.

Shoulder Injury Incidence and Epidemiology in Youth, High School, and Collegiate Fastpitch Softball Players: A Systematic Review and Future Research Perspectives.

Fastpitch softball is one of the most popular sports in the United States among young female athletes. Softball players regularly subject their shoulders to extreme range of motion and high velocity movements. To date, no systematic review has reported on the epidemiology and incidence of shoulder injuries in softball players. To describe the incidence and epidemiology of softball-related shoulder injuries in youth, high school, and collegiate female softball players. PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for relevant English language articles from 1980 to 2023. Studies selected based on predefined inclusion criteria. Studies were required to be available full text, in English. Systematic review. Level 4. A preliminary screening was performed based on study title and abstract. In the subsequent screening, the full text versions of the remaining articles were evaluated by 2 reviewers for the fulfillment of the inclusion criteria. A total of 7 articles met criteria for inclusion. All studies evaluated injuries among softball players for at least 1 season. In total, there were 1107 softball-related shoulder injuries reported in the 7 studies included in this systematic review. Of the 3 studies that included a shoulder injury rate, a mean rate of 4.01 shoulder injuries per 10,000 athlete-exposures was calculated. The 2 most common shoulder injuries were shoulder muscle-tendon strains (297) and shoulder/biceps tendinitis (220). High-level prospective studies reporting injury incidence and risk factors among female softball players are extremely limited. Only 2 studies eligible for inclusion in this systematic review were prospective in nature, with neither of these reporting the specific injury rate for shoulder injuries among softball players.

Text and Intertextuality in Modern Arabic Poetry of Yoruba Scholars

Objectives: This paper examines Arabic poetic texts produced by modern Yoruba scholars, to study how they inter-textualize with poetic texts of classical and early modern poets in Arabic. It does a critical reading of select poems from the corpus of Isa Abu-Bakre (b.1953), and Afis Ayinde Oladosu (b.1967). Whereas the former follows the traditional system in the composition of his poems, the latter writes his collections in free verse. Methods: The paper adopts a method of historicizing the annals of intertextuality, before proceeding to exposit, closely read, and analyze intertextuality cues in the poetry of Yoruba scholars. It hinges its discussions on the works of Julia Kristeva, Roland Barthes, James Porter, Lev Vygotsky, Graham Allen, Ahmad Az-Zoubi, and Muhahammad Miftah among others. Conclusions: The study shows that Arabic poetical compositions of modern Yoruba scholars often intersect, not only with poetical texts of classical and early modern poets in Arabic, but also, they inter-textualize with texts from the primary sources of Arabic literary tradition- the Glorious Qur'an and Hadith.