Textile Wastewater Management Research Articles

Resource Nexus for decision-making: an industry-community synergistic approach for textile wastewater management

ABSTRACT Although the textile industry is crucial to economic development, it is a significant polluter of global water sources through its wastewater discharge, which endangers aquatic ecosystems and neighboring communities. This study focuses on stakeholder perceptions from farming and fishing communities related to wastewater management in the Bangladesh textile industry. Using focus group discussions with stakeholders that focused on sustainability values and a Resource Nexus framing, the results emphasise the adverse effects of textile wastewater on neighbouring communities, spanning agriculture, livestock, and ecological resources. The findings also underscore a significant need for collaboration between the textile industry and neighbouring communities, emphasising the ongoing obligation of governance resources, such as monitoring, regulations, and proactive measures and advocates for engaging different stakeholders in the formulation of robust policies, stringent regulations, and concerted efforts across industry, government, and communities to deliver improved governmental monitoring, enforcement of regulations and transparency in wastewater management practices in the textile industry of Bangladesh. The study suggests that a Water-Energy-Ecosystems-Food (WEEF) Resource Nexus approach can enhance decision-making, promoting sustainable energy infrastructure, encourage increased treated wastewater reuse, and facilitate effective management for environmental resilience and socio-ecological systems sustainability. This study contributes valuable insights elicited from a WEEF Resource Nexus approach, offering guidance for policymakers, industry practitioners, and researchers in the textile industry and beyond, aiding in the understanding of resilient industry-community ecosystems.

Electrochemical treatment on a pilot scale of a mixture with high concentrations of dyes from the tanning/textile industry

Violet LR (VLR), Brown RD (BRD), and Green A (GA) dyes are widely used in the tannery industry for dyeing leather. These types of compounds can be toxic and, in many cases, carcinogenic. In this context, electrochemical oxidation (EO) and electro-Fenton (EF) processes are the most popular electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) to degrade persistent/toxic water pollutants. The efficiency of these processes largely depends on the nature of the electrode materials, among other operation parameters. This study evaluates Ti/IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O and BDD anodes for dye degradation in a pilot plant of 4.0 L of total volume. It was found that DSA IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O performed better than BDD for the discoloration of a mixture of the dyes (kDSA=0.0970 min−1 and kBDD=0.0370 min−1) in a medium containing 50 mM NaCl and 10 mM Na2SO4 (j = 50 mA cm−2, Q=12 L min−1 and pH 3). Such an effect was due to the combined production of heterogeneous •OH at the anode surface by H2O oxidation and reactive chlorinated species in the bulk solution via Cl- oxidation. In addition, •OH quantification showed a higher production by DSA ([BDD(•OH)] = 3,8 × 10-15 M vs [DSA(•OH)] = 6.6 × 10-15 M). The efficiency was enhanced when applying EF (BDD cathode promoting H2O2 production) in the presence of Fe2+ ions under similar experimental conditions. The color was almost totally removed in 50 min with kEF-DSA=0.1584 min−1, while COD was removed by 80 % in 80 min. The EC was 0.082 kWh (g COD)-1. Such results highlight the potential of EO and EF with accessible Ti/IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O anodes as a pretreatment unit within a treatment train for tanning or textile wastewater management.

In Situ Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Efficacy of Silver-Enhanced MXene and Graphene Nanocomposites

The emergence of 2D materials has significantly expanded the wide range of nanomaterials with diverse applications. Notably, their high conductivity, catalytic efficiency, and hydrophobicity have fueled heightened research interests for water treatment applications. This research aimed to investigate the synthesis and characterization of MXene and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites with silver nanoparticles (Ag) for enhanced catalytic activity in the decomposition of Direct Blue-24 dye. In this study, we employed well-established methods, previously documented in the literature, to prepare two distinct nanocomposites. Novel nanocomposites, namely reduced graphene oxide–silver nanoparticles (rGO–Ag) and MXene–silver nanoparticles (MXene–Ag), were synthesized using the hydrothermal and direct reduction method with an ammoniacal solution (aqueous solution). Comprehensive characterization using advanced tools revealed that the introduced Ag particles integrated seamlessly onto the parent nanofilms of the Carbon derivatives, forming a secondary phase with enhanced catalytic functionality. These nanocomposites demonstrated significant improvements in the catalytic decomposition reactions in simulated wastewater. Verification involved the reduction reaction of Direct Blue-24 dye at known nanocomposite concentrations. The results indicated that MXene–Ag exhibited a superior catalytic activity of 98% in 10 min compared to the rGO–Ag nanocomposite films, which achieved 96% in 35 min. The results indicated that MXene–Ag nanocomposites exhibited a 20–25% increase in catalytic efficiency compared to the rGO–Ag nanocomposites. The outcomes of this research hold promise for practical applications in textile wastewater management and various industrial sectors dealing with mutagenic and carcinogenic chemicals containing azo and/or phthalocyanine products.

High-performance antibacterial tight ultrafiltration membrane constructed by co-deposition of dopamine and tobramycin for sustainable high-salinity textile wastewater management

High-salinity textile wastewater is a pressing environmental concern, urgently requiring the appropriate treatment. Sustainable management of high-salinity textile wastewater via fractionation of the existing dyes and inorganic salts (NaCl) using selective separation membranes is a key approach to address this detrimental concern. Herein, tight composite ultrafiltration membranes with impressive antibacterial function were constructed using one-step co-deposition of dopamine and tobramycin on the porous substrate to fractionate the dyes and NaCl. Triggered by ammonia persulfate, the polydopamine/tobramycin coating layer imparts the fabricated composite ultrafiltration membranes with tight surface structure and narrow pore size distribution, enabling effective dyes/salts fractionation. Specifically, the tight composite ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 3692 Da experienced a > 98.0 % rejection against various reactive dyes (molecular weight: <1000 Da) with nearly complete salt transmission (<0.8 % NaCl rejection), demonstrating an effective fractionation of dyes and salts. Additionally, the incorporated tobramycin as a broad-spectrum antibiotic endowed the tight composite ultrafiltration membrane with a sufficient inhibition efficiency (i.e., 100 %) against E. coli bacteria in a short-time contact (i.e., 3 min). Thereby, the tight composite ultrafiltration membrane constructed by fast co-deposition of dopamine and tobramycin established an unparalleled platform technology for sustainable resource recovery (dyes or salts) from high-salinity textile wastewater.

Innovations in textile wastewater management: a review of zero liquid discharge technology.

Zero liquid discharge (ZLD) technology emerges as a transformative solution for sustainable wastewater management in the textile industry, emphasizing water recycling and discharge minimization. This review comprehensively explores ZLD's pivotal role in reshaping wastewater management practices within the textile sector. With a primary focus on water recycling and minimized discharge, the review thoroughly examines the economic and environmental dimensions of ZLD. Additionally, it includes a comparative cost analysis against conventional wastewater treatment methods and offers a comprehensive outlook on the global ZLD market. Presently valued at US $0.71 billion, the market is anticipated to reach US $1.76 billion by 2026, reflecting a robust annual growth rate of 12.6%. Despite ZLD's efficiency in wastewater recovery, environmental challenges, such as heightened greenhouse gas emissions, increased carbon footprint, elevated energy consumption, and chemical usage, are discussed. Methodologies employed in this review involve an extensive analysis of existing literature, empirical data, and case studies on ZLD implementation in the textile industry worldwide. While acknowledging existing adoption barriers, the review underscores ZLD's potential to guide the textile industry toward a more sustainable and environmentally responsible future.

Sustainability transformation in the textile industry—The case of wastewater management

AbstractThis paper explores the relationships between textile wastewater management and its impact on ecosystems and community livelihoods. Using the case of the wastewater management practices of the Bangladesh textile industry and thematic analysis of key informant interviews with industry representatives in the production value chain, the study illustrates perceptions of sustainability transformation regarding wastewater management, specifically by integrating sustainable water and energy practices. The findings reveal the adverse effects of textile wastewater on freshwater resources, such as the obstruction of socio‐economic development and environmental sustainability, and highlight the distinctions between compliant and non‐compliant textile industries regarding sustainability transformation. These results also indicate challenges that hinder the sustainability of textile effluent treatment, including the absence of techno‐ecology, pro‐environmental behaviour, stringent regulations, reliable surveillance, and collaborative actions. Recommendations include improving cooperation among community‐stakeholders and decision‐makers to promote sustainability transformation in textile wastewater management, prioritising water energy resources to advance environmental development, and fulfilling socio‐economic demands.

Evaluation of renewable pH-responsive starch-based flocculant on treating and recycling of highly saline textile effluents

Herein, we report a novel renewable pH-responsive starch-based flocculant (CIAT-ST) via etherifying 2-chloro-4,6-isopropylamino-[1,3,5]-triazine (CIAT) onto the starch backbones for decontamination and reuse of highly saline effluents. The obtained CIAT-ST shows a unique pH-sensibility and reversibility in response to a subtle pH change due to a pH-controllable surface charge density of polymer chains. The level of residual CIAT-ST in the solution can be facilely monitored by using UV–vis detection. The dye flocculation performance of CIAT-ST was evaluated by using a batch experiment. The results exhibited that the dye removal was highly dependent on the solution pH (optimal pH was 2), the flocculation equilibrium can be achieved within 5 min, and the maximum flocculation capacity of CIAT-ST for K–2BP and KN–B5 were calculated to be 2452.6 ± 23.9 and 792.7 ± 14.1 mg/g, respectively. The multiple flocculation mechanisms, including charge neutralization, bridging and charge patching, may participate in the flocculation process. Adjustment in pH-mediated hydrophilicity-hydrophobicity switch of flocculant facilitates readily recovery and then sequentially reused three times while retaining satisfying flocculation efficiency. A significant contribution was also confirmed that the highly saline effluents after flocculation and sedimentation were reused in three successive dyeing processes without sacrificing fabric quality (ΔE* < 1) due to relatively low polymer residuals, and the efficiency of salt reuse for consecutive regeneration processes could be achieved above 85%. The present work could provide alternative thoughts for the reutilization of spent flocculant and clarified saline wastewater, which is also an efficient and sustainable strategy for textile wastewater management.

Current status of textile wastewater management practices and effluent characteristics in Tanzania.

Textile wastewater from wet processing units is a major environmental problem. Most chemicals, including dyes, are only partly consumed, resulting in highly colored wastewater containing a variety of chemicals released into the environment. This paper gives information on the current management of textile wastewater in Tanzania. A semiquantitative analysis was done to identify the main types of chemicals used in wet processing units, wastewater characteristics and existing wastewater treatment methods in the textile industry. The performance evaluation of the existing wastewater treatment plants is also discussed. The advantages of integrating constructed wetlands with the existing treatment facilities for textile wastewater are explained. It has been observed that pretreatment and dying/printing of the fabrics are the main two processes that produce wastewater in many textile companies. Main pollutants are chemicals used from pretreatment and materials removed from de-sizing, bleaching and scouring processes. Dyes, printing pigments and dye auxiliaries are the main pollutants from the dyeing/printing process. Most of the textile companies in Tanzania are equipped with effluent treatment plants. Wastewater treatment plants have basically similar units, which are coagulation-flocculation, sedimentation through clarifiers and aerobic reactor. However, their effluents do not meet discharge limits stipulated by the Tanzania Bureau of Standards (TBS).

Sustainability of textile waste-water management by using an integrated fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS method: a case study

The textile industry is quickly growing worldwide and has a universally beneficial effect on the economy. The waste-water generated with the growth of the textile industry can cause considerable health and environmental issues if it is not treated properly. Generally, physical, biological, and chemical processes are used independently or in combination to treat textile waste-water. The efficiency of any treatment process depends on the working criteria. In this paper, we implemented a new hybrid methodology based on the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (FTOPSIS) to help workers in textile industries select the optimal waste-water treatment process. To illustrate how this hybrid methodology can be used to address the waste-water treatment problem, we conducted a case study involving 11 assessment criteria and four treatment processes used in the textile industry in India. Comparative analysis indicated that the survey overall mean was slightly lower than the overall mean for selected companies in the treatment process.

Sustainability of textile waste-water management by using an integrated fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS method: a case study

Sustainability of textile waste-water management by using an integrated fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS method: a case study

Implementation of Floating Treatment Wetlands for Textile Wastewater Management: A Review

The textile industry is one of the most chemically intensive industries, and its wastewater is comprised of harmful dyes, pigments, dissolved/suspended solids, and heavy metals. The treatment of textile wastewater has become a necessary task before discharge into the environment. The textile effluent can be treated by conventional methods, however, the limitations of these techniques are high cost, incomplete removal, and production of concentrated sludge. This review illustrates recent knowledge about the application of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) for remediation of textile wastewater. The FTWs system is a potential alternative technology for textile wastewater treatment. FTWs efficiently removed the dyes, pigments, organic matter, nutrients, heavy metals, and other pollutants from the textile effluent. Plants and bacteria are essential components of FTWs, which contribute to the pollutant removal process through their physical effects and metabolic process. Plants species with extensive roots structure and large biomass are recommended for vegetation on floating mats. The pollutant removal efficiency can be enhanced by the right selection of plants, managing plant coverage, improving aeration, and inoculation by specific bacterial strains. The proper installation and maintenance practices can further enhance the efficiency, sustainability, and aesthetic value of the FTWs. Further research is suggested to develop guidelines for the selection of right plants and bacterial strains for the efficient remediation of textile effluent by FTWs at large scales.

Enhanced fractionation of dye/salt mixtures by tight ultrafiltration membranes via fast bio-inspired co-deposition for sustainable textile wastewater management

Mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) coating has received increasing interest in membrane modification for versatile liquid filtration applications, due to its intrinsic adhesion nature. Nevertheless, the bio-inspired PDA deposition initiated by air-oxidation is time-consuming process and generally results in an uneven and unstable coating, which compromises the membrane filtration performance. In this study, the PDA/polyethylenimine (PEI) co-deposition triggered by ammonium persulfate (APS) was conducted to fabricate the tight ultrafiltration (t-UF) membranes with 1000–5000 Da molecular weight cut-offs (MWCOs) for sustainable treatment of highly-saline textile wastewater. APS with strong oxidation capacity can rapidly induce the co-deposition of PDA/PEI layer onto hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (HPAN) substrate through the Michael addition or Schiff base reactions, simultaneously minimizing the covalent polymerization of dopamine for PDA aggregation. With 1.5-h coating, a smooth, compact and defect-free PDA/PEI layer with 1700 Da MWCO was evolved on the HPAN substrate, evincing a >98.2% retention for various reactive dyes (610–1000 Da molecular weights) with >97.0% permeation of inorganic salts. In addition, an integrated UF-diafiltration procedure was applied to fractionate the reactive blue 4 (RB4)/NaCl and RB4/Na2SO4 mixtures, enriching the RB4 dye from ca. 2.04 to 50.70 g·L−1 with ca. 99.95% desalination efficiency and ca. 99.2% dye recovery. These results demonstrate that the bio-inspired t-UF membrane through fast PDA/PEI co-deposition is of great promise to sufficiently fractionate the dyes and salts for dye desalination and recovery, realizing the sustainable management of highly-saline textile wastewater.

Analysis of Influencing Factors on Sustainability of Textile Wastewater: a Structural Equation Approach

The purpose of this study was the identification of the major factor for sustainable development in textile industries and preferred textile wastewater management practices for environmental protection. Moreover, a structural framework for sustainable textile wastewater management concept in the textile industry was developed, and further, the proposed model was examined based on the effect of economic performance, environmental impact, and operational performance in textile sectors. Therefore, to achieve the above issues, major factors were identified through exhaustive literature, and then a test was conducted for the reliability of the proposed constructs for validation. However, there was no specific study on the sustainability of textile wastewater management principle by using exploratory structural equation modeling (SEM). Finally, the proposed structural model was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling with the help of the SPSS software package.

Nanofibers for textile waste water management

Abstract Currently, textile wastewater management focuses on dye removal efficiency and operating costs. Dual responsive polymers are choice materials because they can extract diverse organic compounds from water at their phase transition point. They are copolymers of the acrylamide class, and have been fully characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, DSC, GPC and surface area analysis. Of the five dual responsive polymers, the copolymer of NIPAAM and DMAEMA (CoP-1) offers the best extraction of acidic and basic dyes from wastewater. All copolymers investigated can achieve better than 90% dye removal when used at 4 mg/ml concentration. This dye-scavenging efficiency increases to almost 99% at 3 mg/ml, on conversion of the copolymers to nanofibers in 300 to 500 nm size. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were constructed to study the mechanism of dye adsorption. The nanofibers have been shown to be reusable for removal of dyes from water, suggesting that such systems may add benefit to current dye removal methods from textile industry wastewater.

SUSTAINABILITY OF WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN TEXTILE SECTORS: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The main focus of the current research work is an identification of sustainability of textile wastewater management (STWM) practices and subsequently to suggest a conceptual framework that influences the STWM practices on performance improvement. By exhaustive literature review, STWM practices are examined and designated highly significant STWM practices for further analysis. The proposed design shows a clear interpretation of sustainable textile wastewater management that depends on economic performance, environmental impact, and operational performance. This framework mainly provides information to society, textile sectors, labors, manufactures as well as users to reduce the wastes by implementing suitable waste management strategies. It is also observed that this study can provide new direction to the textile manufacturing sectors for determining other related practices as well as performances for future study. Hence, sustainable waste management innovative technique needs to be applied initially in developing countries to implement new technology, new vision, labor awareness program, and policymakers' initiation.

Sustainability of Textile Wastewater Management by Using Fuzzy AHP Method

This manuscript is mainly focused on the finding of key criterion which is involved in assessing the improvement of sustainability of textile wastewater management in India. The methodology involved purely on survey data through offline responses from ten different textile industries and nearly eight respondents is finally considered further analysis. Based on the survey report the following factors are considered such as labour input in the textile industry, textile industry productivity, policy implication, wastewater treatment and disposal, energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, textile reuse and recycling, dyes and additives, and improvement of sustainability-related performance such as Economic performance, Environmental impact and Operational performance respectively. Finally, fuzzy analytical hierarchy process approach (FAHP) is implemented to identify the best-selected criteria for sustainability of textile wastewater management.

CHALLENGES IN TEXTILE WASTEWATER AND CURRENT PALLIATIVE METHODS: AN OVERVIEW

Effluents from dye and textile industries are highly contaminated and toxic to the environment. High concentration of non-biodegradable compounds contributes to increased biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the wastewater bodies. Dyes found in wastewater from textile industries are carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic. Biological processes involving certain bacteria, fungi, activated carbon and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising methods for treating the waste water. These methods are either inefficient or ineffective. These complexities necessitates search for new approaches that will offset all the shortcomings of the present solutions to the challenges faced with textile wastewater management. This article reviews the past and recent methods used in the treatment of the textile dye wastewater and the future opportunities for efficient treatment of textiles wastewaters.

Factors affecting the immobilization of fungal biomass on CNT as a biosorbent for textile dyes removal

Effluents from dye and textile industries are highly contaminated and toxic to the environment. High concentration of non-biodegradable compounds contributes to increased biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the wastewater bodies. Dyes found in wastewater from textile industries are carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic. Biological processes involving certain bacteria, fungi and activated carbon have been employed in treating wastewater. These methods are either inefficient or ineffective. These complexities necessitates search for new approaches that will offset all the shortcomings of the present solutions to the challenges faced with textile wastewater management. This study produced a new biosorbent by the immobilization of fungal biomass on carbon nanotubes. The new biosorbent is called “carbon nanotubes immobilized biomass (CNTIB)” which was produced by immobilization technique. A potential fungal strain, Aspergillus niger was selected on the basis of biomass production. It was found out in this studies that fungal biomass were better produced in acidic medium. Aspergillus niger was immobilized on carbon nanotubes. One-factor-at-a time (OFAT) was employed to determine the effect of different factors on the immobilization of fungal biomass on carbon nanotubes and optimum levels at which the three selected parameters (pH, culture time and agitation rate) would perform. Findings from OFAT showed that the optimum conditions for immobilization are a pH of 5, agitation rate of 150rpm and a culture time of 5 days.

Adaptability of membrane filtration systems under different treatment options for textile wastewater management in an industrial cluster

Textile manufacturing requires extensive quantity of raw materials such as dyes, salts and water in the process with resultant discharge of these in the wastewaters generated. Indiscriminate disposal of textile effluents in a town located in South of India has severely damaged the ground and surface waters in the area. Current emphasis on protecting the water bodies in the town through tough regulatory compliances following zero discharge has laid the industries as well as regulatory agencies in dilemma. This has resulted in implementation of various treatment options to meet the regulatory norms and water recovery. Recent developments in membrane and advanced oxidation techniques have resulted in having alternatives for the treatment of textile effluent in the cluster. The paper addresses to the case study undertaken in the textile cluster to study operational textile effluent treatment plants employing a combination of unit operations and processes (UO&P) technologies to comply with zero effluent liquid...

A constructed wetland model for synthetic reactive dye wastewater treatment by narrow-leaved cattails (Typha angustifolia Linn.)

Textile wastewater is contaminated by reactive dye causing unattractive levels of wastewater color, high pH and high salt content when discharged into public water systems. Decolorization of textile wastewater by plant, phytoremediation, is an alternative, sustainable method which is suitable for long term operation. Narrow-leaved cattails are one species of wetland plant with efficiency for decolorizing and remediating textile wastewater. In addition, chemical oxygen demand (COD) can be lowered and dye residue can be removed. The plant also showed a good salt tolerance even after being exposed to a salt solution for 15 days. The narrow-leaved cattails were set up in a constructed wetland model with a vertical flow system operating from bottom to top for synthetic reactive dye wastewater (SRDW) removal. Narrow-leaved cattails could achieve the removal of SRDW at approximately 0.8 g(SRDW) m(-2) day(-1). Decolorization of SRDW by this plant was approximately 60%. The advantage of this method is that it is suitable for textile wastewater management and improvement of wetland. These plants could lower COD, remove dye, sodium and total dissolved solids (TDS) whereas other biological and chemical methods could not remove TDS and dye in the same time. These results suggested that the spongy cell structure of this plant has the ability to absorb large amounts of water and nutrients. Physico-chemical analysis revealed increasing amounts of sulfur, silicon, iron and calcium in the plant leafs and roots after exposure to wastewater. Proteins or amide groups in the plant might help in textile dye removal. Regarding decolorization, this plant accumulates dye in the intercellular space and still grows in this SRDW condition. Hence, it can be noted here that narrow-leaved cattails are efficient for textile dye wastewater treatment.