Tetrachloride-induced Oxidative Stress In Rats Research Articles

Investigation of the phytochemical composition and remedial effects of southern grape hyacinth (Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Ten.) plant extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in rats

We aimed to determine the phytochemical contents of the aerial part M. neglectum aerial part (MAP) and M. neglectum bulb (MB) ethanolic extract of Muscari neglectum and to investigate their protective effects on gastric damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. After the toxicity testing, 42 female Wistar albino rats were divided into 7 groups, Control, MAP, MB, CCl4, CCl4 + MAP, CCl4 + MB, and CCl4 + Silymarin groups. At the end of the experiment, the serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant defense enzymes, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the stomach tissue were evaluated to determine the antioxidant role of the M. neglectum extracts. According to the gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy, fatty acid analysis, octadecadienoic, and 9,12,15 octadecatrienoic fatty acids were found as major fatty acids in the MAP, whereas 9,12 octadecadienoic and octadecanoic acids were the major fatty acids in the MB. According to the liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, quinic acid, fumaric acid, gentisic acid, caffeic acid, kaempferol, and apigenin were found in the MAP, while quinic acid, fumaric acid, caffeic acid, and kaempferol were found in the MB. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the extract were determined in the MAP and MB. The MAP and MB extracts generally caused a statistically significant decrease in the MDA content and increase in the antioxidant parameters in the stomach tissue. It was concluded that MAP and MB extracts may have antioxidant and gastric protective effects due to the phytochemical content of M. neglectum. Highlights According to LC-MS/MS results, quinic acid, fumaric acid, chemferol, apigenin, and caffeic acid were determined as major compounds in M. neglectum extracts. According to GC-MS results, octadecadienoic, octadecatrienoic, and octadecanoic methyl esters were the major fatty acids of the M. neglectum extracts. The M. neglectum extracts regulated the levels of stomach damage and biochemical parameters. The M. neglectum extracts extract might have pharmaceutical-nutritional potential.

Investigation of the protective effects of horse mushroom (Agaricus arvensis Schaeff.) against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in rats.

Wild and cultured mushrooms have been extensively used for food and medicinal purposes all around the world. However, there is limited information on chemical composition, health enhancing effects and contributions on diet of some mushrooms (e.g., Agaricus arvensis) widely distributed in many countries including United Kingdom, Australia, Turkey etc. Therefore, the present study was aimed to analyse the bioactive composition and ameliorative effects of A. arvensis via evaluating in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties in CCl4 induced rat model. The extract exhibited higher antioxidant capacities in vitro than that of the positive control (Reishi-Shiitake-Maitake standardized extract). Administration of the extract had significant regulative effects in the levels of AST, ALT, LDH, Urea and TRIG levels according to CCl4 group. Additionally, lipid peroxidation and GSH in the brain, kidney and liver tissues was regulated by extract treated groups compared to the CCI4 group. The supplementation of the extract at the dose of 100mg/kg regulated the levels of GST, GR, CAT and GPx enzyme activities in brain and liver, but not in kidney tissue. There was approximately three fold increase in CAT enzyme activity in kidney tissue of extract treated groups compared to Control and CCl4 groups. The extract contained a rich composition of bioactive compounds including phenolics (protocatechuic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid), volatile compounds (benzaldehyde, palmitic acid and linoleic acid) and mineral compounds (K, Si, Mg and Na). Data obtained within this study suggests that A. arvensis might be used for food industries in order to obtain nutritional products.

Protective effect of juice extract of mesocarp rind of Citrullus lanatus in carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in rats

Protective effect of juice extract of mesocarp rind of Citrullus lanatus in carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in rats

Comparative Study of the Antioxidative Activity of Culinary Herbs and Spices, and Hepatoprotective Effects of Three Selected Lamiaceae Plants on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats

Comparative Study of the Antioxidative Activity of Culinary Herbs and Spices, and Hepatoprotective Effects of Three Selected Lamiaceae Plants on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats

Hepatoprotective effects of fermented Curcuma longa L. on carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in rats

The hepatoprotective effect of fermented Curcuma longa L. (FC) was investigated in rats under CCl4-induced oxidative stress. FC at a dose of 30 or 300mg/kg body weight (b.w.) was orally administered for 14days followed by a single dose of CCl4 (1.25mL/kg b.w. in 20% corn oil) on day 14. Pretreatment with FC drastically prevented the elevated activities of serum AST, ALT, LDH, and ALP caused by CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. Histopathologically evident hepatic necrosis was significantly ameliorated by FC pretreatment. When compared to the CCl4-alone treated group, rats pretreated with FC displayed the reduced level of malondialdehyde. Furthermore, FC enhanced antioxidant capacities with higher activities of catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase, and level of reduced glutathione. These results suggest that FC could be a candidate used for the prevention against various liver diseases induced by oxidative stress via elevating antioxidative potentials and decreasing lipid peroxidation.

Free radical scavenging, <i>in vivo</i> antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of folk medicine <i>Trichodesma sedgwickianum</i>

Trichodesma sedgwickianum has been used in folk medicine possessing anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity. This led us to investigate for its antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential. Different polarities extracts were subjected to polyphenolic estimation and in vitro antioxidant activity. The potential extract was tested for in vivo antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity, assessed by carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in rats. Phytochemical identification of major constituents has been carried out by HPLC, GC-MS, 1 HNMR and 13 C NMR. Amongst the extracts, successive ethanol extract showed higher concentration of polyphenols (25.4 ± 0.1% w/w) and in vitro antioxidant property. The in vivo antioxidant efficiency was confirmed by comparing the enzymatic level, superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione and MDA in test group with the standard and control. Hepatoprotective effect was observed by changes in the serum enzyme level which were further supported by histological examination. Phytochemically ethanol extract contains gallic acid and catechin along with other constituents. Thus present study provides a scientific rationale for their traditional use.

Hepatoprotective effect of the root extract of Decalepis hamiltonii against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in rats

Decalepis hamiltonii, a climbing shrub, grows in the forests of peninsular India and is consumed for its health promoting properties. The hepatoprotective activity of the aqueous extract of the roots of D. hamiltonii with known antioxidant constituents was studied against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative stress and liver injury in rats. Pretreatment of rats with aqueous extract of the roots of D. hamiltonii, single (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w.) and multiple doses (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w. for 7 days) significantly prevented the CCl4 (1 ml/kg b.w.) induced hepatic damage as indicated by the serum marker enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH). Parallel to these changes, the root extract also prevented CCl4-induced oxidative stress in the rat liver by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation, and restoring the levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, and GST) and glutathione. The biochemical changes were consistent with histopathological observations suggesting marked hepatoprotective effect of the root extract in a dose dependent manner. Protective effect of the aqueous extract of the roots of D. hamiltonii against CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity could be attributed to the antioxidant constituents.

Effect of Long-Term Dietary Administration of Oregano on the Alleviation of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats

This study aimed at evaluating the protective effect of long-term dietary oregano on the alleviation of carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in rats. Twenty-four female Wistar rats were allocated to four groups of six animals each. Groups 1 (control) and 2 (CCl 4) were fed a basal diet, while groups 3 (oregano) and 4 (oregano + CCl 4) were fed the basal diet supplemented further with ground oregano at 1% level. Following six-week feeding, the rats of groups 2 and 4 were given a single intraperitoneal injection of CCl 4 at a dose of 1 mL/kg bw. Six hours after the CCl 4 injection, all animals were sacrificed, and serum, liver, kidney, and heart tissue samples were collected. Analysis results showed that the addition of oregano significantly increased the total phenolic content and the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity of the basal diet but had no effect on its lipid peroxidation index. Treatment with CCl 4 of rats from the CCl 4 group caused a significant increase in aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum, whereas it decreased cholesterol and triglyceride content as compared to the control. It also increased the lipid peroxidation index and decreased the scavenging activities of the 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt (ABTS) radical cation, the hydroxyl anion radical, the superoxide anion radical, and the hydrogen peroxide in all tested tissues, as compared to that of the control. Without CCl 4 treatment, diet supplementation with oregano had no effect on these biochemical parameters, excluding the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, which was increased in all tested tissues as compared to that of the control. Feeding oregano before CCl 4 treatment resulted in a significant decline of the increase in AST, ALT, and ALP activities ( P < 0.05 vs CCl 4 group), but the recorded values could not attain those of the control group ( P < 0.05 vs control group). It significantly increased the reduced cholesterol and triglycerides ( P < 0.05 vs CCl 4 group) to values not differing from those of the control. It also resulted in a significant reduction of the increased malondialdehyde ( P < 0.05 vs CCl 4 group) to values that could not attain the levels of the control but had no significant effect ( P > 0.05) on the reduced ABTS radical cation scavenging activity. It increased significantly the reduced hydroxyl anion radical scavenging activity ( P < 0.05 vs CCl 4 group) to values that could not attain those of the control in all tested tissues except kidney. Additionally, it resulted in a significant elevation of the decreased superoxide anion radical scavenging activity in serum and liver but had no effect in kidney and heart, whereas it also resulted in a significant elevation of the decreased hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity in liver, kidney, and heart but had no effect in serum. These results suggest that dietary oregano may effectively improve the impaired antioxidant status in CCl 4-induced toxicity in rats.