Tetrabromobisphenol A In Samples Research Articles

Contamination Level, Distribution Characteristics, and Ecotoxicity of Tetrabromobisphenol A in Water and Sediment from Weihe River Basin, China.

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a brominated flame retardant, which is widely present in the various environmental and biological media. The knowledge on the contamination of TBBPA in Weihe River Basin is still limited. In order to know the pollution level and distribution of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in the Weihe River Basin, a total of 34 sediment samples and 36 water samples were collected from the main stream and tributaries of the WeiHe River Basin, and the concentration of TBBPA in the samples was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS). The detection frequency of TBBPA in sediments and water samples was 61.8% and 27.8%, respectively; the TBBPA concentrations in sediments and water samples were in the range of not detected (N.D.)–3.889 ng/g (mean value of 0.283 ng/g) and N.D—12.279 ng/L (mean value of 0.937 ng/L), respectively. Compared with other areas in China, the residues of TBBPA in the Weihe River Basin were at a relatively low level. The spatial distributions of TBBPA in surface sediments and water indicated that the local point-input was their major source. This is related to the proximity of some sampling sites to industrial areas and domestic sewage discharge areas. The insignificant correlation between TBBPA and total organic carbon (TOC) indicated that TBBPA in sediments is not only influenced by TOC but also affected by atmosphere and land input, wet deposition, and long-distance transmission. The potential risks posed by TBBPA in water and sediment were characterized using the risk quotient (RQ) method. The calculated RQ for TBBPA was less than 0.01, showing that the ecological risk due to TBBPA was quite low for aquatic organisms.

Residual levels and risk assessment of tetrabromobisphenol A in Baiyang Lake and Fuhe river, China.

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in water from Xiongan New Area was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), simultaneous with its risk assessment. The optimal extraction conditions, derivatization factors (such as derivation reagent amount, derivatization time and temperature), and dissolution solvent were determined by orthogonal experiment. These results indicated the optimum derivatization time and temperature were 70°C and 30min, respectively, whilst the amount of derivatization reagent (N,O-bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide) was 40μL. The optimum extraction efficiency was obtained when using the mixture of hexane-dichloromethane (1:1, v:v) with salt concentration of 6g/L. Using the sample of S9 as control, the recovery experiments were performed with three different spiked levels. The water samples of Baiyang Lake and Fuhe river were analyzed using the optimized conditions. Those results showed that the concentrations of TBBPA in samples ranged from 18.5ng/L to 82.6ng/L, which lies in the middle level of data previously published from other areas in China. The risk quotient (RQ) model was used to evaluate the above data. The results of exposure and risk assessment showed that the margin of exposure (MOE) was 1.28×107-2.5×107 and the RQmax was 0.0266. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) standard and categories of RQ indicates that the estimated dietary exposure to TBBPA is unlikely to raise significant health concerns. This is the first report on the occurrence and risk assessment of TBBPA in waters from Xiongan New Area, which will be helpful for further risk assessment of other persistent organic pollutants. At present, the toxicological data of TBBPA in the biological body of Baiyang Lake is limited. In addition, more accurate and convenient approaches for the risk assessment of TBBPA should be explored.

Determination of bisphenol-A, 2,4-dichlorophenol, bisphenol-AF and tetrabromobisphenol-A in liquid foods and their packaging materials by vortex-assisted supramolecular solvent microextraction/high-performance liquid chromatography

A new and fast microextraction technique termed vortex-assisted supramolecular solvent microextraction (VASUSME) has been developed. The method was based on the microextraction of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), including bisphenol-A (BPA), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), bisphenol-AF (BPAF) and tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) in 10 mL sample with 500 μL of a supramolecular solvent (SUPRASs), and then detection by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the VASUSME procedure, dispersion of microvolumes of a low density extraction solvent into the aqueous sample is achieved by vortex mixing, a mild emulsification procedure. Under the optimum conditions, the repeatability of the proposed method was found to be good. The relative standard deviations (RSD, n = 5) were 3.98–5.64%. The limits of detection (LOD) were in the range of 0.14–0.32 ng mL−1 and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were in the range of 0.41–1.02 ng mL−1. All correlation coefficients of the calibration curves were higher than 0.998. Recoveries of the EDCs spiked into samples of liquid foods and their packaging materials were in the range of 91% to 105.1%. The VASSUSME method was successfully applied to the analysis of BPA, 2,4-DCP, BPAF and TBBPA in samples of liquid foods and their packaging materials. Moreover, the method is simple, sensitive and environmentally-friendly and consumes much less solvent than traditional methods.