Tests Of Motor Skills Research Articles

The role of general motor skills in talent identification: A systematic review

Successful talent identification increases the chances of sporting and financial success since it provides talented children and adolescents with the most optimal learning environment to realize their potential. Hence, coaches and clubs of many sport disciplines are eager to identify talented athletes. General motor skills are often incorporated in talented identification research, as it is considered fundamental to learning sport-specific motor skills. This systematic review aimed to examine to what extent general motor skills can contribute to the identification of talented athletes aged six to eighteen. Five electronic databases were searched, which resulted in 22 eligible studies (13 cross-sectional and 9 longitudinal studies). Quality assessment was done using the Quality Assessment with Diverse Studies tool. The vast majority of both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies found either differences in general motor skills in favour of the talented athletes (59% of the studies) or no differences between talented athletes and their peers (36% of the studies). These results show that assessing general motor skills could contribute to talent identification programs, but caution should be paid prior to the implementation of these general motor skill test batteries due to the inconclusive nature of the findings. Hence, there is a need for future high-quality longitudinal studies which are recommended to conduct sex- and age-specific analyses, address the existing gap in the literature by including athletes from diverse sports beyond football, and investigate whether assessing manipulative skills and capturing movement quality could be a valuable addition to assessing locomotor skills for identifying athletic talent.

Assessment of Motor Performance and Self-Perceived Psychophysical Well-Being in Relation to Body Mass Index in Italian Adolescents.

The relationship between psychophysical self-perception (PSP), body mass index (BMI) and motor performance (MP) levels, in quantitative and qualitative terms, can be a very interesting connection to investigate. This study aimed to assess MP and PSP according to gender and weight differences (normal weight-Nw/overweight-obese-Ov-Ob) and their relationship to BMI in Italian adolescents. In total, 144 students (F = 72; M = 72) aged between 11 and 13 y.o. participated in this study. They were divided into two groups by gender and into two subgroups based on weight (Nw/Ov-Ob). Standing long jump, sit-and-reach, 10 × 5 m shuttle and sit-up tests to assess MP were carried out, and an ad hoc questionnaire to evaluate PSP was administrated. In comparing the Nw and Ov-Ob subgroups on the basis of BMI for each gender, statistically significant differences emerged in all motor skill tests administered. Regarding PSP, the Nw subgroup showed high and positive levels, while Ov-Ob showed low and negative levels, highlighting a relationship between high BMI and poor motor performance as well as negative psychophysical perception in the Ov-Ob subgroup. this study supports the importance of physical sport activity to regulate excess weight but also contribute to better psychophysical well-being.

Classroom coping strategies of children with motor difficulties

ABSTRACT Children with low motor competency have additional classroom struggles when coping with their first year of mainstream education. This study identified and examined the classroom coping strategies and behaviours of children with motor difficulties. Eleven students were recruited after the Test of Gross Motor Skills (TGMD 2nd) identified as having poor gross motor development. The primary research method was classroom observations conducted after obtaining ethical approval and parental consent. Parental Interviews and a nine-month observation period commenced in term two of the Australian School System, which aimed to identify specific behaviours and the coping strategies adopted by the individual participants in the classroom. The participants were observed on different school days at various times so individual coping behaviours could be recorded. An inductive approach and thematic analysis identified emerging themes, behaviours, and coping strategies. Results indicated that all participants demonstrated multifaceted coping behaviours, divided into several common emerging categories: emotional, physical, social, and cognitive responses. Coping strategies were further classified as productive (positive) or non-productive (negative), emotionally based or problem-solving. The lack of motor competency significantly influenced the participants’ behaviours when displaying strategies to cope with classroom activities.

Development of Basic Motor Skills from 3 to 10 Years of Age: Comparison by Sex and Age Range in Chilean Children.

to identify the level of motor development of children from 3 to 10 years of age according to sex and age group. We studied a sample with a total of 328 participants (girls = 170; boys = 158) at preschool (n = 154) and school levels (n = 174). The ages of the students ranged from 3 to 10 years, with a mean of 5.94 years (±2.53). TGMD2 was applied to identify motor development. boys and girls present low levels of physical activity, with most of them in the very poor, poor, and low-average categories (n = 182, 55.5%). Levels of motor development in locomotion, manipulation, and general development by age show significant differences (p = 0.000). However, levels of development by sex are not significant in manipulation, locomotion, and gross motor skills tests, respectively (p = 0.150, p = 0.208, and p = 0.210), and in relation to chronological age and motor development age show significant differences (p = 0.000).

The Effect of Physical Activity and Nutrition Awareness Education on the Level of Physical Fitness and Nutrition Knowledge in Women Aged 50-60

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of physical activity and nutrition awareness training on the motor skills and nutrition awareness of individuals related to healthy living in sedentary women aged 50-60 years. Material and Methods: The study included 15 healthy sedentary women on voluntary basis; participants were divided into 2 groups as experimental (n=8) and control (n=7) groups by random sampling method. Participants in the experimental group were given physical activity 2 days a week (60 min/day) for 6 weeks and nutrition education 1 day a week (30 min/day). Age-appropriate motor skill tests (arm curl test, back scratch test, two-minutes step, 8 food up and go test, chair stand test, sit and reach test) and the "Nutrition Knowledge Level Scale for Adults" questionnaire were applied as pre-test and post-test. Whether the data obtained at the end of the study were normally distributed was determined by Shapiro-Wilks test, Paired Samples T-Test was used for intra-group comparisons of physical fitness tests before and after exercise, and Independent Samples T-Test was used for inter-group comparisons. Wilcoxon Test was used in the pre-test and post-test intra-group comparisons and Man Whitney U Test was used in inter-group comparisons of the parameters related to nutritional knowledge levels. Results: As a result of the analysis, statistically significant improvements were found in the performance parameters of the participants in the experimental group in arm curl, back scratch, 2-min step and 8 food up and go test (p

The effect of game-based approaches on decision-making, knowledge, and motor skill: A systematic review and a multilevel meta-analysis

This study aimed to compare the effect between game-based approaches (GBAs) and traditional skill approaches on decision-making, knowledge and motor skill in physical education students and athletes. A systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies available before October 2023 was conducted. The initial search yielded 8431 articles, with 28 articles ( n = 1600) meeting the inclusion criteria. Studies were analyzed using three-level random-effects models with a robust variance estimation. Outcomes were computed as raw mean differences and Hedges’s g effect sizes. Results indicate that GBAs have a positive heterogeneous effect on decision-making in game situations (ES = 11.41%; 95% CI [4.39, 18.43]) and motor skill in skill tests ( g = 0.36; 95% CI [0.14, 0.57]). GBAs did not have an effect on knowledge ( g = 0 .37; 95% CI [−0.12, 0.86]) or motor skill in game situations (ES = 1.13%; 95% CI [−2.43, 4.68]). Meta-regression analyses revealed that the experience of the interventionist, the quality of the studies, and the comparison condition significantly influence the impact of GBAs on motor skill tests. More detailed and transparent reporting of trials would benefit the field.

Assessment of the correlation between the occurrence of fine movements of the hand, pre-frailty, and body composition in the elderly

PurposeThe main objective of the study was to evaluate the correlations between fine movements of the hand, the tissue composition of the upper limb, and the occurrence of frailty syndrome in elderly people in the Polish population.MethodsThe study included 998 individuals living alone aged 60 to 87 years. Anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance measurements were taken, tests of motor skills of the upper limbs and functional efficiency were performed, and the phenotype of physical weakness was assessed.ResultsParticipants identified as pre-frailty were observed to score less favourably in motor skills tests compared to other participants. The significance of the differences between the males and females was confirmed for most tests of precision, coordination, and speed of the upper limbs, in addition to the number of aiming errors. A correlation was observed between reduced fine movements of the hand and age, reduced functional efficiency, and low muscle mass of the upper limbs. Of all the included hand motor tests, only hand tremor scores in the stability test did not affect the risk of pre-frailty.ConclusionsThe study showed a significant, positive correlation between the fine movements of the hand, mainly with the weight and strength of the muscles of the upper limb, and negative in the case of the risk of frailty syndrome. It is advisable to focus on programs to raise awareness of the importance of physical activity, which translates into health and quality of life.

Permanent deterioration of fine motor skills after the resection of tumors in the supplementary motor area

Supplementary motor area syndrome (SMAS) represents a common neurosurgical sequela. The incidence and time frame of its occurrence have yet to be characterized after surgery for brain tumors. We examined patients suffering from a brain tumor preoperatively, postoperatively, and during follow-up examinations after three months, including fine motor skills testing and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). 13 patients suffering from a tumor in the dorsal part of the superior frontal gyrus underwent preoperative, early postoperative, and 3-month follow-up testing of fine motor skills using the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JHFT) and the Nine-Hole Peg Test (NHPT) consisting of 8 subtests for both upper extremities. They completed TMS for cortical motor function mapping. Test completion times (TCTs) were recorded and compared. No patient suffered from neurological deficits before surgery. On postoperative day one, we detected motor deficits in two patients, which remained clinically stable at a 3-month follow-up. Except for page-turning, every subtest indicated a significant worsening of function, reflected by longer TCTs (p < 0.05) in the postoperative examinations for the contralateral upper extremity (contralateral to the tumor manifestation). At 3-month follow-up examinations for the contralateral upper extremity, each subtest indicated significant worsening compared to the preoperative status despite improvement to the immediate postoperative level. We also detected significantly longer TCTs (p < 0.05) postoperatively in the ipsilateral upper extremity. This study suggests a long-term worsening of fine motor skills even three months after SMA tumor resection, indicating the necessity of targeted physical therapy for these patients.

Kinematic Assessment of Fine Motor Skills in Children: Comparison of a Kinematic Approach and a Standardized Test.

Deficits in fine motor skills have been reported in some children with neurodevelopmental disorders such as amblyopia or strabismus. Therefore, monitoring the development of motor skills and any potential improvement due to therapy is an important clinical goal. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of performing a kinematic assessment within an optometric setting using inexpensive, portable, off-the-shelf equipment. The study also assessed whether kinematic data could enhance the information provided by a routine motor function screening test (the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, MABC). Using the MABC-2, upper limb dexterity was measured in a cohort of 47 typically developing children (7-15 years old), and the Leap motion capture system was used to record hand kinematics while children performed a bead-threading task. Two children with a history of amblyopia were also tested to explore the utility of a kinematic assessment in a clinical population. For the typically developing children, visual acuity and stereoacuity were within the normal range; however, the average standardized MABC-2 scores were lower than published norms. Comparing MABC-2 and kinematic measures in the two children with amblyopia revealed that both assessments provide convergent results and revealed deficits in fine motor control. In conclusion, kinematic assessment can augment standardized tests of fine motor skills in an optometric setting and may be useful for measuring visuomotor function and monitoring treatment outcomes in children with binocular vision anomalies.

Developmental Trend of Talented Pupils' Performance in Orienteering - Longitudinal Research 1997-2020 in the East Bohemia Region of the Czech Republic

The paper presents the findings of a longitudinal testing of talented youth in orienteering in the Czech Republic. Young talented orienteers participate in the testing of motor skills by standardized tests. The results and conclusions of the 3 km and 5 km cross-country running measurements (according to age category) point to a regressive state of endurance abilities in young athletes between 1997 and 2020, describe possible reasons and suggest possible remedies. A total of 300 girls and 445 boys aged 12-14 years participated in the research investigation in the East Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic, who are divided into performance categories HD12 and HD14 in the context of organised Czech orienteering competition. The aim of the evaluation of the longitudinal testing was to determine the trends in performance in endurance cross-country running as a key performance parameter of talented orienteering athletes over the period 1997 to 2020. The resulting data indicate that performance in all the studied categories in the given field test has a consistently decreasing trend. The results are also related to the conclusions of foreign and domestic observations of the state of motor fitness of children and youth of the corresponding period and indicate that the level of aerobic ability of young talented runners generally follows the current state of the level of endurance ability found in the national testing of school youth under the auspices of the Czech School Inspectorate (CSI, 2023), and thus the alarming society-wide situation in the field of motor fitness of children and youth in the Czech Republic.

Effects of inpatient rehabilitation after acute care on motor, neuropsychological and behavioral outcomes in children with severe traumatic brain injury

Purpose An observational study of children with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) (Approaches and Decisions in Acute Pediatric TBI [ADAPT] Trial) demonstrated the benefits of inpatient rehabilitation on functional outcomes for those with more severely impaired consciousness when medically stable. We conducted a secondary analysis to assess whether using an inpatient rehabilitation or skilled nursing facility after acute hospitalization was associated with better motor, neuropsychological, and behavioral outcomes compared to receiving only non-inpatient rehabilitation among children with severe TBI. Materials and methods We included 180 children who used an inpatient rehabilitation or skilled nursing facility and 74 children who only received non-inpatient rehabilitation from the ADAPT trial. At 12 months post-injury, children underwent tests of motor skills, intellectual functioning, verbal learning, memory, processing speed, and cognitive flexibility. Parents/guardians rated children’s executive function and behaviors. We performed inverse probability weighting to adjust for potential confounders. Results No significant differences were found in any motor, neuropsychological, or behavioral measures between children receiving inpatient rehabilitation and children receiving only non-inpatient rehabilitation. Conclusions Analyses of comprehensive outcomes did not show differences between children receiving inpatient rehabilitation and children receiving only non-inpatient rehabilitation, suggesting a need for more research on specific components of the rehabilitation process.

FINE MOTOR SKILLS AND BMI ARE GOOD PREDICTORS OF ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE IN COLLEGE STUDENTS

Athletic performance is affected by numerous factors such as genetic makeup, environmental factors, and psychological factors. The goal of the present study was to examine the effects of fine motor skills and BMI on athletic performance of college students. The sample for this study consisted of 31 students (mean age 19 years, SD- 1.1 year; 7 females, 24 males) recruited from the Faculty of Kinesiology at the University of Sarajevo. The students were given Purdue Pegboard test of motor skills and Test of Athletic performance consisting of 8 tests: sprint running, high/low start, relay running, hurdle racing, high jump, long jump, shot put, and javelin throw. We assessed the impact of their BMI and fine motor skills on the Athletic performance. The results revealed a statistically significant effect of fine motor skills and BMI on Athletic performance. More specifically, these two factors explained around 30% of the variance in Athletic performance. These findings could be beneficial for designing more effective training programs that not only focus on general physical fitness but also consider the role of fine motor skills and body composition in improving overall athletic performance.

Interest as a supplementary criterion in the detection of talent: The identification of differing types of children at primary school age

Current efforts to design an effective method of detecting talent are now focused on the differing interests of children (preferences) and not just their sport-related motor skills (ability). When a person-oriented approach is used, it is important to profile different types to design movement offers that effectively target the relevant groups and prevent dropouts. The aim of this study was to investigate in the elementary school context what types it is possible to identify in terms of both interests and ability. A total of 159 children (age 8–11.5) were assessed to determine their interests and their ability using a sequential design approach. ‘Preferences’ were scored on a seven-point Likert scale during a video-assisted interview. ‘Ability’ was assessed using seven sport-related motor skills tests. The mixed-methods approach consisted of a quantitative step 1, a cluster analysis (SPSS27, Ward's method, squared Euclidean distance). Based on the clusters, in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted in step 2. Analysis revealed five clusters of children that exhibited significant differences in terms of ability and interests. The qualitative interviews clarify the characteristics of the types (e.g. special interest in recreational activities or in competing at a high level with high or low own performance) and describe their experiences and desires. The data indicates that children's interests are determined by positive experiences and prior knowledge. Schools, sports practice, and sports science are faced with the task of responding suitably to children with different combinations of ability and preferences in the early phase of talent detection.

Implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum With the Tactical Games Model To Improve Learning Outcomes of Forearm Passing Techniques Volleyball Games

This research is a classroom action research that aims to determine the level of student learning outcomes through the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum with a Tactical Games Model to improve learning outcomes in volleyball game forearm passing technique in grade V SDS Bakau Estate students, in the 2022/2023 academic year consisting of 28 students. This research was carried out in two cycles and each cycle consisted of four stages, namely: planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. Cycle I and cycle II carried out four meetings. Data collection on learning outcomes is done using observation sheets, students worksheets, and tests of motor skills at the end of each cycle I and the end of each cycle II. The data collected is analyzed quantitatively. From these data, the study of learning outcomes in the technique of forearm passing the volleyball game shows that students who completed their studies in cycle I were 6 people with a percentage of 21% and students who didn’t complete their studies were 22 people with a percentage of 78%. Whereas in cycle II, 21 students completed their studies with a percentage of 75% and 7 students who didn't complete their studies with a percentage of 25%. The results of the analysis also show that there is a significant increase in the learning outcomes of the passing technique in the volleyball game in grade V SDS Bakau Estate students. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum with the tactical games model can improve student’s learning outcomes.

The Effect of Obstacle Games on Gross Motoric Ability of Class V Elementary School Students

This study aims to determine the effect of obstacle course games on gross motor skills of fifth grade students at SDN 2 Court. This type of research uses quantitative with quasi-experimental methods with Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The population in this study were all fifth grade students at SDN 2 Court with a sample of 42 students. Data analysis techniques using observation, interviews, and tests. The assessment instrument used was a test of motor skills. Data analysis using independent sample t-test. Based on the results of the study, that from the difference in the average pretest and posttest results in the experimental class and the control class. In the experimental class, the average pretest was 5.0000 and the average value after being treated was 5.7727, while in the control class the average value (pretest) was 5.0000 and the posttest average value was 4.8500. Hypothesis testing was carried out using the independent sample t-test, obtaining a sig (2-tailed) value of 0.000 0.05 in accordance with the decision-making principles, it can be concluded that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that obstacle course games have a significant effect on the ability students' gross motor movements and is also effectively used for elementary school students in class V SDN 2 Court.

The impact of athletics basic education on students' motor skills and attitude toward athletics

Background and Study Aim. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of basic athletics education on students' anthropometric measurements, motor skills and attitudes towards athletics. Material and Methods. 17 female and 17 male students from the faculty of sports sciences participated in the research, totally 34 students participated. Basic athletics education was given to the students for 14 weeks. Anthropometric measurements (body fat percentage, fat weight, muscle weight), motor skill tests (vertical jump, standing long jump, acceleration, sprint and change of direction) and Athletics Attitude Scale were applied as pre-test and post-test. Paired-Samples T-test and ANOVA test were used for in-group comparisons regarding the effect of education. Results. The analysis determined significant differences in the use of tools and fields. These differences were in favor of students who played team sports. In comparison, students who played individual sports or did not participate in any sports branch did not exhibit the same level of differences. When evaluated before and after the training, it was seen that there were significant differences in the sub-dimension of tool and field use in all students. When examining motoric and anthropometric values, several changes were observed in male students. These changes included positive shifts in fat percentage, fat weight, long jump, 10 m acceleration, 30 m sprint, and change of direction values. It was found that muscle weights and vertical jump performance values of female students changed significantly in a positive direction. Conclusions. As a result, it can be said that basic athletics training practices have a significant impact on students' attitudes towards athletics. This impact is particularly noticeable in the areas of tool and field utilization. Additionally, these training practices show positive effects, particularly for male students. These effects are observed in terms of improvements in motor skills and anthropometric measurements.

Use of digital tools for preclinical training in complete denture: A pilot study.

Advances in CAD-CAM complete dentures open up opportunities in preclinical laboratory education. A cross-over study was conducted to assess the benefit of digital training in custom tray fabrication. Hypotheses were that digital training improved conceptual skill acquisition and that assessment of digital work helps in the discrimination of students' difficulty. Third-year students were allocated either into group A and took the manual practical classes before the digital ones, or into group B (N = 154). Prior to the sessions, a motor skill test was conducted. The influence on the learning process was evaluated by comparing the groups' results to the manual lab work with a Student's t-test. The effectiveness of the assessment in discriminating manual aptitude and conceptual skill was studied through Spearman's rank coefficient between digital and manual scores in conceptual skill and with a subgroup analysis according to the results of the motor skill test. The level of significance was set up at .05. Students' satisfaction was also assessed with a questionnaire. Students in group B achieved better scores. Spearman's rank coefficient test showed a weak correlation, R = .16. For manual lab work, the most manually skilled students did significantly better. In contrast, for the digital session, the medium manually skilled students did better. More than half of the students (55%) found the manual and digital sessions complementary, without identifying any difference depending on the learning sequence. Digital training improved the students' results in the conventional practical exercise. Assessments of the digital and conventional custom trays were complementary in order to distinguish conceptual and motor skills.

Increased Cerebello-Prefrontal Connectivity Predicts Poor Executive Function in Congenital Heart Disease.

Children and adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk for cognitive impairments, such as executive function deficits and motor delays, which can impact their academic and adaptive functioning as well as their quality of life. We investigated whether alterations in connectivity between the prefrontal and cerebellar brain structures exist between CHD and control cohorts and if these alterations could predict cognitive or motor impairment among youths with CHD. 53 participants with CHD and 73 healthy control participants completed multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, including high-resolution diffusion tensor imaging at 3T. We measured connectivity from masked regions of interest in the cerebellum to the frontal cortex using a probabilistic tractography method. Participants also completed neuropsychological tests of cognitive and motor skills using the NIH Toolbox. In the CHD group, fractional anisotropy (FA) was increased in the cognitive loop connectivity pathways, including from the right cerebellum to the left thalamus (p = 0.0002) and from the left thalamus to the left medial frontal gyrus (MFG) (p = 0.0048) compared with the healthy control group. In contrast, there were no differences between CHD and controls in motor loop connectivity pathways. An increase in FA from the right thalamus to the MFG tract in the cognitive loop (posterior subdivision) predicted (p = 0.03) lower scores on the NIHTB tests, including those of executive functioning. A transient increase in connectivity of the cognitive loop in the adolescent group was observed relative to the child and adult groups. Our results suggest that selective alteration of cerebellum-cerebral connectivity circuitry within the cognitive loops predicts cognitive dysfunction in CHD youth. Our study suggests a critical period of cerebellar circuitry plasticity in the adolescent period in CHD subjects that drives neurocognitive function. Further replication and validation in other pediatric CHD cohorts is warranted for future work.

Status Gizi &amp; Keterampilan Motorik Kasar: Studi Pada Suku Anak Dalam Provinsi Jambi

The aim of the study is to find out how the nutritional status and brute motor skills of Suku Anak Dalam in Jambi Province are related. This study is a correlation study with a cross-sectional design approach. The population in this study is the Suku Anak Dalam in the province of Bengkulu. Then the sampling technique used purposive samplings that were in the district of Sarolangun with a total of 30 children. Data is collected using anthropometric measurement test to see nutritional status and child's motor skills test using Pre-Screening Questionary Instruments. The results of the research showed that the results of gross motor skills of Suku Anak Dalam in Jambi Province are related to their nutritional status. The study found that there was a link between nutritional status and the rude motor development of Suku Anak Dalam, Therefore, parents should pay attention to their child’s nutrition so that the brand can grow and thrive well.

Motor Ability of Deaf and Scientific Children

This research is descriptive research using a survey method with test techniques. The sample was taken purposively as a sample of 16 children with special needs who were deaf and mentally retarded. Research data collection was carried out through tests, tests for gross motor skills consisted of a test for walking on a straight line for 5 meters, a test for running to avoid 5 obstacles for a distance of 15 meters, a test for standing on one leg for 10 seconds, a test for jumping from a high beam. 15 cm, and sprint 40 meters. From the gross motor skills test of deaf and mentally retarded children in Makassar City, the results obtained were that the gross motor skills of deaf and mentally retarded children were in the medium category, namely 8 students or 88.9% and 7 students or 100% respectively. From this, researchers can conclude that the gross motor skills of deaf and mentally retarded children in Makassar City are in the medium category