Development Of Testicular Cancer Research Articles

MicroRNA-320a enhances LRWD1 expression through the AGO2/FXR1-dependent pathway to affect cell behaviors and the oxidative stress response in human testicular embryonic carcinoma cells.

Testicular cancer is fairly rare but can affect fertility in adult males. Leucine-rich repeats- and WD repeat domain-containing protein 1 (LRWD1) is a sperm-specific marker that mainly affects sperm motility in reproduction. Our previous study demonstrated the impact of LRWD1 on testicular cancer development; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, various plasmids associated with LRWD1 and miR-320a manipulation were used to explore the roles and regulatory effects of these molecules in NT2D1 cellular processes. A Dual-Glo luciferin-luciferase system was used to investigate LRWD1 transcriptional activity, and qRT-PCR and western blotting were used to determine gene and protein expression. The results suggested that miR-320a positively regulated LRWD1 and positively correlated with NT2D1 cell proliferation but negatively correlated with cell migration and invasion ability. In addition, the miRNA-ribonucleoprotein complex AGO2/FXR1 was shown to be essential in the mechanism by which miR-320a regulates LRWD1 mRNA expression. As miR-320a was required to regulate LRWD1 expression through the AGO2 and FXR1 complex, eEF2 and eLF4E were also found to be involved in miR-320a increasing LRWD1 expression. Furthermore, miR-320a and LRWD1 were responsive to oxidative stress, and NRF2 was affected by the presence of miR-320a in response to ROS stimulation. This is the first study showing the role of miR-320a in upregulating the testicular cancer-specific regulator LRWD1 and the importance of the AGO2/FXR1 complex in miR-320a-mediated upregulation of LRWD1 during testicular cancer progression.

Large Intra-abdominal Testicular Neoplasm Involving the Bladder and Ureter in an Adult Male with Bilateral Cryptorchidism

Abstract Cryptorchidism remains as one of the most significant risk factors for the development of testicular cancer (TC). The occurrence of TC in undescended testes can represent challenges to both diagnosis and management because the clinical presentation can delay a definitive diagnosis, and surgical management of intra-abdominal masses can be difficult. We present a case of an adult male with bilateral cryptorchidism diagnosed with a large intra-abdominal TC which was subjected to surgical resection.

Testicular Cancer Incidence among Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Patients: South Korean National Health Insurance Data.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been linked to an increased risk of acquiring many types of cancer. No data on the prevalence of testicular cancer in OSA patients have been reported in the literature. The goal of the present investigation is to find out the impact of OSA on the incidence of testicular cancer based on the Korea National Health Insurance Service (KNHIS) dataset. A cohort of adult male patients newly registered with OSA in the KNHIS data from 2007 to 2014 who had no history of any previous cancer diagnosis was included. The main outcome measure was newly diagnosed testicular cancer in the National Medical Expenses Support Program. The control group was set at five times larger than the OSA group, and it was matched with age and sex. The cumulative incidence and hazard ratio (HR) for the development of testicular cancer were compared between the OSA and control groups. Further subgroup analysis was conducted in the three different age groups. In the study period, a total of 152,801 male adult patients newly diagnosed with OSA were included, whereas 764,005 individuals were recruited as the control group. The HR of OSA for developing testicular cancer was 1.58 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92-2.60), showing no significant HR regardless of confounding adjustment. However, the subgroup analysis revealed a significantly increased HR to develop testicular cancer of 3.39 (95% CI: 1.08-10.06) in groups aged more than 65, whereas the age ranges of 20-40 and 40-64 showed no significance (1.19 (0.44-2.75) and 1.27 (0.50-2.80), respectively). OSA may not influence the incidence of testicular cancer in the general adult population. However, compared to younger males, males over 65 may be more susceptible to OSA when it comes to developing testicular cancer.

PiR-36249 and DHX36 together inhibit testicular cancer cells progression by upregulating OAS2.

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs originally reported in the reproductive system of mammals and later found to be aberrantly expressed in tumors. However, the function and mechanism of piRNAs in testicular cancer are not very clear. The expression level and distribution of piR-36249 were detected by RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence staining assay. Testicular cancer cell (NT2) progression was measured by CCK8 assay, colony formation assay and wound healing assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry and western blot. RNA sequencing and dual-luciferase reporter assay were conducted to identify the potential targets of piR-36249. The relationship between piR-36249 and OAS2 or DHX36 was confirmed using overexpression assay, knockdown assay, pull-down assay and RIP assay. piR-36249 is significantly downregulated in testicular cancer tissues compared to tumor-adjacent tissues. Functional studies demonstrate that piR-36249 inhibits testicular cancer cell proliferation, migration and activates the cell apoptosis pathway. Mechanically, we identify that piR-36249 binds to the 3'UTR of 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 2 (OAS2) mRNA. OAS2 has been shown in the literature to be a tumor suppressor modulating the occurrence and development of some tumors. Here, we show that OAS2 knockdown also promotes testicular cancer cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, piR-36249 interacts with DHX36, which has been reported to promote translation. DHX36 can also bind to OAS2 mRNA, and knockdown of DHX36 increases OAS2 mRNA but downregulates its protein, indicating the enhancing effect of DHX36 on OAS2 protein expression. All these data suggest that piR-36249, together with DHX36, functions in inhibiting the malignant phenotype of testicular cancer cells by upregulating OAS2 protein and that piR-36249 may be used as a suppressor factor to regulate the development of testicular cancer.

Once upon a Testis: The Tale of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase in Testicular Cancers.

Phosphodiesterases are key regulators that fine tune the intracellular levels of cyclic nucleotides, given their ability to hydrolyze cAMP and cGMP. They are critical regulators of cAMP/cGMP-mediated signaling pathways, modulating their downstream biological effects such as gene expression, cell proliferation, cell-cycle regulation but also inflammation and metabolic function. Recently, mutations in PDE genes have been identified and linked to human genetic diseases and PDEs have been demonstrated to play a potential role in predisposition to several tumors, especially in cAMP-sensitive tissues. This review summarizes the current knowledge and most relevant findings regarding the expression and regulation of PDE families in the testis focusing on PDEs role in testicular cancer development.

Risk Factors for Testicular Cancer: Environment, Genes and Infections-Is It All?

The incidence of testicular cancer is steadily increasing over the past several decades in different developed countries. If on one side better diagnosis and treatment have shone a light on this disease, on the other side, differently from other malignant diseases, few risk factors have been identified. The reasons for the increase in testicular cancer are however unknown while risk factors are still poorly understood. Several studies have suggested that exposure to various factors in adolescence as well as in adulthood could be linked to the development of testicular cancer. Nevertheless, the role of environment, infections, and occupational exposure are undoubtedly associated with an increase or a decrease in this risk. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the most recent evidence regarding the risk factors associated with testicular cancer, starting from the most commonly evaluated (cryptorchidism, family history, infections) to the newer identified and hypothesized risk factors.

Maternal Exposure to Cigarette Smoke during Pregnancy and Testicular Cancer in Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Maternal exposure to cigarette smoke in pregnancy may play a role in the development of testicular cancer in offspring. An updated and comprehensive systematic review of the available evidence is needed. To identify and evaluate current evidence on maternal exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy and testicular cancer in offspring. A systematic search of English peer-reviewed original literature in PubMed through a block search approach. Publications were considered if assessing maternal exposure to cigarette smoke and the risk of testicular cancer in offspring. Among the 636 identified records, 14 publications were eligible for review and 10 for meta-analysis. Quality assessment of the publications was conducted. Most included publications were case-control studies (n = 11, 79%), while the remaining were ecological studies (n = 3, 21%). Completeness of reporting was high, but more than half were considered subject to potential bias. The trend synthesis showed that half (n = 7) of the included publications demonstrated a higher risk of testicular cancer in the sons of mothers exposed to cigarette smoke during pregnancy. The meta-analysis generated an overall summary risk estimate of 1.00 (95% CI: 0.88; 1.15) (n = 10 publications), with a lower risk for seminoma (0.79, 95% CI: 0.59; 1.04) and nonseminoma (0.96, 95% CI: 0.74; 1.26) (n = 4 publications). This systematic review did not provide evidence of an association between maternal exposure to cigarette smoke and risk of testicular cancer in offspring. An overall positive trend was suggested, but it had low statistical precision. The methodological limitations across publications encourage further research based on valid exposure data.

Sub-chronic cadmium and lead compound exposure induces reproductive toxicity and development of testicular germ cell neoplasia in situin murine model: Attenuative effects of resveratrol.

Cadmium and lead are widespread, nonbiodegradable heavy metals of perpetual environmental concerns. The present study aimed to evaluate whether sub-chronic exposure to cadmium chloride (CdCl2 ) and lead acetate [Pb(CH3 COO)2 ] induces reproductive toxicity and development of testicular germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) in swiss albino mice. The effects of resveratrol to reverse the metal-induced toxicity were also analyzed. The mice were randomly divided into four groups for metal treatments and two groups received two different doses of each metal, CdCl2 (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg) and Pb(CH3 COO)2 (3 and 6 mg/kg). The fourth group received oral doses of 20 mg/kg resveratrol in combination with 0.5 mg/kg CdCl2 or 6 mg/kg Pb(CH3 COO)2 for 16 weeks. Toxic effects of both metals were estimated qualitatively and quantitatively by the alterations in sperm parameters, oxidative stress markers, testicular histology, and protein expressions of the treated mice. Pronounced perturbation of sperm parameters, cellular redox balance were observed with severe distortion of testicular histo-architecture in metal exposed mice. Significant overexpression of Akt cascade and testicular GCNIS marker proteins were recorded in tissues treated with CdCl2 . Notable improvements were observed in all the evaluated parameters of resveratrol cotreated mice groups. Taken together, the findings of this study showed that long-term exposure to Cd and Pb compounds, induced acute reproductive toxicity and initiation of GCNIS development in mice. Conversely, resveratrol consumption abrogated metal-induced perturbation of spermatogenesis, testicular morphology, and the upregulation of Akt cascade proteins along with GCNIS markers, which could have induced the development of testicular cancer.

Members of the AP-1 Family of Transcription Factors Regulate the Expression of Gja1 in Mouse GC-1 Spermatogonial Cells

Gap junctions, mainly formed by Gja1 (Connexin43), play an essential role in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonia in the testis. Regulation of the abundance of Gja1 in spermatogonia involves various processes, including gene transcription, mRNA maturation, protein synthesis, post-translational modifications, plasma membrane integration and protein degradation. However, gene expression of Gja1 is abnormally decreased in most testicular germ cell tumors. Hence, a better understanding of the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of Gja1 in spermatogonia is essential to understand how the loss of its expression occurs during the development of testicular cancer. As in other cell types, activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factors may be involved in such regulatory process. Thus, AP-1 members were overexpressed in GC-1 cells to assess their impact on Gja1 expression. We showed that Jun and Fosl2 cooperate to activate the Gja1 promoter in GC-1 cells. Furthermore, the recruitment of Jun to the proximal region (−153 to +46 bp) of the Gja1 promoter has been confirmed via chromatin immunoprecipitation. Protein kinase A and calcium-calmodulin protein kinase I also contribute to the activation of Gja1 expression by improving the cooperation between AP-1 factors. Therefore, the reduction in Gja1 expression in testicular germ cell tumors may involve a loss of cooperation between AP-1 factors.

Role of Hub Genes in the Occurrence and Development of Testicular Cancer Based on Bioinformatics.

BackgroundTesticular cancer severely affects male health, so finding effective diagnosis and prognostic indicators and exploring its pathogenesis are very important.PurposeThis study aims to explore the hub genes that play important roles in the occurrence and development of testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT).MethodsData were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus datasets (GSE3218 and GSE1818) and verified in The Cancer Genome Atlas database and the Genotype-Tissue Expression database and the Human Protein Atlas database. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed to obtain hub genes. GEO2R, R software and packages were used to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs), receiver operating characteristic curve assessment, Cox regression analysis, Kaplan–Meier survival curve assessment, Gene Ontology analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis, the relationship with clinicopathological information, gene set enrichment analysis, the correlation with immune cells’ infiltration, and the expression in pan-cancers of the hub genes.ResultsPLK4, TRIP13, TPR, KIF18A, CDKN3, HMMR, PBK, PTTG1, CKS2, SYCP1, HSPA2, and MKI67 were selected as the hub genes. mRNA of PLK4, TRIP13, CDKN3, SYCP1, HSPA2, and MKI67 had high diagnostic values, and higher expression of CDKN3 and HSPA2 mRNA were poor prognostic factors for progression-free interval of TGCT. The hub genes involved organelle division and cell cycle, chromosome and centromeric region, heat shock protein binding, and more. Downregulated TPR and PLK4 were selected as research targets for continued study, and they may participate in multiple signaling pathways. The expression of TPR and PLK4 correlated with the infiltration of a variety of immune cells and differed in pan-cancers.ConclusionThe mRNA levels of multiple hub genes have high diagnostic and prognostic values for TGCT. TPR and PLK4 may play a role in the occurrence and development of TGCT through cancer-related signaling pathways.

Use of cannabis in urological cancer patients: A review to evaluate risk for cancer development, therapeutic use, and symptom management.

Recent recreational legalization of cannabis has resulted in an increased interest in the therapeutic effects of cannabis use in cancer patients, with reports of its use in symptom management and as a risk factor for cancer development. The objective of this review was to evaluate the literature on the association of cannabis use with the risk of cancer development, symptom management, and therapeutic management in the urological cancer (UC) patient population. A systematic search of databases and trial registries for papers published from January 1947 to March 2020 on cannabis, symptom and therapeutic management, and cancer development in UC patients was conducted. After screening of full-text articles, data were extracted for evaluation. Studies were eligible if they were in the clinical setting, included ≥5 UC patients, reported use of any cannabis variant, and were written in English. The search retrieved 2456 abstracts, of which 48 full-text articles were reviewed and 21 included in the review. Low-level evidence suggested a correlation between cannabis use and risk for development of testicular cancer. Some support existed for using cannabis for cancer pain and chemotherapy-induced nausea. There was inadequate evidence to substantiate cannabis use as a therapeutic agent for management of UCs. A lack of high-level evidence and robust methodology of the studies limited evaluation of the findings. Given the paucity of data on cannabis use for therapeutic purposes in UC, large, prospective trials with adequate followup times to observe the effect of cannabis use on UCs are warranted to improve the evidence base.

P0661 - Corona, higher risk for testicular cancer development?

P0661 - Corona, higher risk for testicular cancer development?

Pesticide Plays a Large Role in Development of Testicular Cancer

Pesticide Plays a Large Role in Development of Testicular Cancer

Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis Secondary To Mixed Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumours

Abstract Casestudy: Testicular tumors account for 1–2% of all tumors in men, with 95% of these being germ cell tumors. The main risk factor for the development of testicular cancer is cryptorchidism. Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is a rare sequela of testicular tumor associated with anti-Ma2 and KLH11 antibodies. The most effective treatment for paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is treatment of the primary malignancy. We present a 41-year-old male that presented to the emergency department with two weeks of episodic alteration of consciousness and memory disturbances. Negative neurologic evaluation and imaging led to concern for a paraneoplastic process from a distant malignancy. CT imaging revealed an enlarged, necrotic para-aortic lymph node and subsequent ultrasound demonstrated a right sided testicular mass. Right radical orchiectomy was performed. Microscopically, the mass consisted of mixed respiratory epithelium, gastrointestinal glands and squamous epithelium with keratinization consistent with a post-pubertal testicular teratoma with associated in-situ germ cell neoplasia. Resection of the para-aortic mass revealed large anaplastic cells with epithelioid features, nuclear pleomorphism and frequent mitoses. Immunostaining was positive for Pan-Keratin and OCT4, consistent with poorly differentiated embryonal carcinoma. Resection of the primary and metastatic disease, as well as treatment with corticosteroids resulted in resolution of the encephalitis. This presentation of severe neurological disturbances in the setting of a metastatic mixed nonseminomatous germ cell tumor represents a rare presentation of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis.

793P CHEK2 inactivating germ-line mutations play a role in the development of testicular cancer

793P CHEK2 inactivating germ-line mutations play a role in the development of testicular cancer

Abstract 5446: Genetic bases of testicular seminoma and non-seminoma tumors

Abstract Testicular Germ Cell Tumor (TGCT) is the most common cancer type in men between 15-45 years old (1 per 250 men). Around 1-2% of all cases are familial (with at least two affected individuals within the same family), between 3-5% are bilateral (they develop two tumors, one in each testicle), and the rest are sporadic patients. There are two main types of histologies, seminomas and non-seminomas, and there are also tumors that contain both seminoma and non-seminoma cells, and are called mixed tumors. No great genetic differences have been found so far between them. In order to identify susceptibility genes that could explain these histological differences, we performed Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) in peripheral blood of 61 members from 17 families with at least two affected members with TGCT. Twenty one members had seminoma, seven members had non-seminomas, and nine had mixed tumor. We did not find significant genetic differences between the two histological types at the germline level. Therefore, an evaluation at a somatic level was carried out to determine if the differences between the tumor types are in the tumor. To this end, WES of blood and tumor tissue was performed in three bilateral cases with different histologies (a seminoma in one testicle and a non-seminoma in the other). The comparison between pairs of tumors from each of the patients showed that they shared in average a 30% of the somatic mutations between both the histologies. Even more, 27 genes were shared among the two tumors in the three patients. We next performed independency tests, comparing the somatic similarities and differences between the two tumors from each patient (intrapatient) and the two histologies (interpatients), which suggest a common genetic background that could predispose to testicular cancer development. We are currently performing gene ontology analysis with the genes that were shared among the pairs of tumors from each patient. Partially supported by CIBERER and FIS 16/00440 Citation Format: Paloma Martin-Gimeno, Beatriz Paumard-Hernandez, Oriol Calvete, Javier Benitez. Genetic bases of testicular seminoma and non-seminoma tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5446.

Histopathological pattern of testicular lesions in tertiary care hospital: our experience of 84 cases

Introduction: Materials and methTesticular cancers comprise 1% of all the male cancers worldwide. Various risk factors for development of testicular cancers include: a family history of testicular tumor in first degree relatives, infertility, cryptorchidism, Klinefelter’s syndrome, 95% of testicular cancers arise from germ cells. Aims and objective: To study the relative incidence of testicular lesions among different age groups and to study the various histo-morpholoical patterns of testicular lesions. Materials and methods: All the patients those who are presented with testicular swelling and post orchiectomy specimens are included in this study. Results: Total testicular specimens received were 476, accounting for 1.49% of all surgical specimens. Of which 84 cases were diagnosed as tumors and tumor like lesions of testis accounting for 17.65%. Conclusion: It is concluded that, despite new techniques in imaging and tumor marker assay the diagnosis of testicular lesions primarily dependent upon histo-pathological examination. Any testicular swelling must be evaluated thoroughly with clinic-pathological correlation to rule out malignancy.

Testicular microlithiasis in male infertility: prevalence, diagnosis and treatment algorithm

Aim of study. To estimate testicular microlithiasis (TM) prevalence in men seeking help for infertility in reproductive medicine center, and generate an algorithm for TM management according to patients choice to perform testicular biopsy or not.
 Materials and methods. We retrospectively reviewed charts of 143 consecutive adult male patients between 19 and 73 years (mean age 34.6 7.9) seeking help for infertility in International Center for Reproductive Medicine. Gray-scale and color Doppler were used to calculate testicular volume and to study a spectrum of scrotal disorders including testicular microlithiasis.
 Results. Testicular size varied from 0.5 to 33.3 ml (mean 12.3 5.8 ml), testicular hypoplasia, varicocele, hydrocele and epididymal cysts were detected in 88 (61.5%), 35 (24.5%), 9 (6.3%) and 50 (35%) patients respectively. TM signs were identified in 12 (8.4%) men, including 5 (42%) cases of classic TM and 7 (58%) cases of limited TM; 5 (42%) men had bilateral TM. One 1 (8%) patient with bilateral ТМ had ultrasonic appearance of non-palpable testicular tumor, radical surgical treatment was performed. Patients with TM had smaller testicles, higher prevalence of azoospermia and testicular tumor (p = 0.002, 0.013 and 0.085 respectively). All patients with TM were informed about their risks to harbor testicular cancer and taught self-examination technique. Testicular biopsy was offered to all men with concomitant risk factors for testicular cancer development, however none of the patients agreed. We have consequently developed algorithm for TM management according to patients choice to perform or to avoid testicular biopsy.
 Conclusion. ТМ is common in infertile men, scrotum ultrasound is indicated to detect it. The suggested algorithm for TM management is aimed towards early testicular cancer detection and successful treatment with fertility potential preservation.

Clinical presentation and outcomes of patients with testicular tumors in cryptorchid testis.

428 Background: Undescended testis which occurs in 2-4% of all boys confers a natural risk for development of testicular cancer. Cryptorchidism accounts for 10% of all testicular germ cell tumours. The presentation, natural history and outcomes of testicular tumours occurring in cryptorchid testis has not been described in literature so far. Methods: Case records of patients enlisted in the prospectively maintained ‘ testicular cancer database’ at our tertiary cancer care hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Any patient who presented with testicular germ cell tumour with the testis being absent in the scrotum was considered as ‘undescended testis’. Results: From our database of 490 patients with testicular tumours presenting from the year 2014 -2018, 42 patients had testicular cancer in cryptorchid testis. The mean age was 32.9 years (Range:17-56). 24(57.14%) had seminoma and 18(42.86%) had non seminomatous tumors. Orchidopexy was done in 22(52.3%) patients at median age of 30 yrs (Range 2-33). 23 patients had prior undescended testis underwent high inguinal orchidectomy, 13 patients had testis located in pelvis and 6 patient had testis located in the upper abdomen. The average maximum size of tumours presenting with after orchidopexy was 7.34cm (4-10.5cm), in those presenting with pelvic tumours was 9.86cm (7-12.6cm) and in those with intraabdominal tumours was 14.3cm (9-20cm). The median follow-up for these patients was 36 months (3-64 months). There were 6 patients who relapsed after front line therapy whom 3 were salvaged with second line chemotherapy and 2 patients had residual disease at their last follow up. There was one death due to disseminated tumour with brain metastasis. The disease free survival for the whole cohort was 92.85%. Conclusions: The tumours developing in intraabdominal location of testis presented with a larger size and orchiopexy apart from its role in prevention of testicular cancer also helps in surveillance and early detection leading to effective treatment of these highly curable cancers. In the first of its series on testicular tumours in the cryptorchid, we show that they are also as curable as the germ cell tumours developing in the descended testis.

Cancer on Testicle Not Descended: Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of 7 Cases

Objective: To study the clinics and therapeutics of testicular cancer not descended in Senegal. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study over a period of 15 years between January 1997 and January 2012. It focused on 07 patients. Results: The average hospital incidence was less than one case per year. The average age of patients was 30.7 years with a median of 28 (range, 21 years and 38 years). The reasons for consultation were dominated by the existence of an abdominal or pelvic mass associated with an emptiness of the stock market. Orchiectomy was the main therapeutic gesture. It was performed by transperitoneal route. CT-TAP was performed in all cases and revealed a tumor independent of the liver of the spleen or kidneys, developed on an undescended testicle. Four cases of lumbar-aortic lymph node metastasis were noted. Histologically, we noted four cases of embryonic carcinoma and three cases of seminoma. Four patients died within six months postoperatively. Two in an intestinal obstruction chart, one in a peritoneal carcinomatosis chart and one patient in a pulmonary embolism chart. Two had a 4-year survival without recurrence. One patient had a 7-year survival without recurrence. At the time of the counting, these three patients were lost sight off. Conclusion: Intra-abdominal or pelvic development of testicular cancer is rare. It constitutes a major subsequent risk of the undescended testicle.