Mean Difference Test Research Articles

How Social Identities Facilitate the Growth of Affective Political Polarization

This study explored the relationships between a selection of social identity factors and affective political polarization among adults in the United States. A broad selection of literature was reviewed and employed in informing a descriptive and inferential statistical analysis of 2008 and 2020 American National Election Studies (ANES) survey data. Multiple regression was used to describe and quantify the relationships between selected variables and affective polarization within the datasets. These methods were paired with tests for differences in means in a comparative analysis of the 2008 and 2020 demographic and political environments, which revealed a statistically significant difference in the levels of affective polarization between the two years. Ideological polarization and ageing stood out as the factors that contributed most heavily to this this growth in affective polarization. Broadly, these findings suggested that demographic and psychographic shifts may have played a role in facilitating growth of affective political polarization across the years. Finally, a post-hoc analysis identified the growth of affective polarization as originating from increased hostility for political out-groups, highlighting the need for further research into other political, social, and economic events that may have triggered the growth of affective polarization.

Development of Understanding the Concept of Opportunity Through Kulibia Game with Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) Approach

Learning mathematics with a mechanistic approach results in being difficult for students to understand. Opportunity, as one of the mathematics contents, requires a learning process, which involves hands-on activities in teaching. Students were grouped according to their abilities based on the differences in students’ understanding through diagnostic assessment in the concept of differentiated learning, and through differentiation of content. Teaching at the right level (TaRL) is a differentiated learning technique, considered appropriate, to be applied in an effort to control student activities by utilizing Kulibia media as a learning context. Kulibia is one of the marine biota usually found by people on the coast and is used as one of the traditional games for children in Maluku. Through this game, students’ understanding of the concept of chance can be developed. The participants of this study were 8th grade students in Phase D, a total of 28 students. The data analysis technique used was one sample mean difference test. The results of data analysis prove that H0 is accepted meaning that the average understanding of the concept of chance exceeds the minimum completeness criteria of 70. Analysis of understanding shows that high-group students have a better understanding than students in other groups. Keywords: comprehension, Kulibia, TaRL, differentiated learning

Gauging growth in undergraduate information literacy: A case study in library-faculty collaboration

How do academic librarians and teaching faculty assess the impact we exert on students' capabilities as researchers? This paper describes the authors' unique six-week approach to incorporating library instruction into a research assignment for students in introductory Teacher Education and American Politics classes. We constructed a pre- and post- instruction survey that measured change in students' attitudes toward 1) their own level of information literacy, 2) their skills as researchers, and 3) the usefulness of the library's resources. The survey consisted of statements regarding students' attitudes toward the aforementioned categories, measuring agreement on a 6-point scale. We conducted this survey over three consecutive semesters (N = 208). We find that students began the project with high degrees of confidence in their own knowledge and abilities, but also increased their confidence in all categories. Moreover, the change between the pre- and post-project survey was statistically significant on all questions, as assessed by a difference of means test.

Comparison of Caregiver and General Population Preferences for Dependency-Related Health States.

We assess whether the preferences regarding dependency-related health states as stated by informal caregivers are aligned with those expressed by the general population. The preferences of a sample of 139 Spanish informal caregivers of dependent patients are compared with those obtained via a sample of 312 persons, also from the Spanish general population. We assess 24 dependency states extracted from the DEP-6D using the time trade-off method. Descriptive statistics and regression methods are used to explore differences between the two samples. Mean difference tests establish that, for all but one of the 24 states, there are no significant differences between the samples. The estimated mean values ranged from - 0.64 to 0.60 for the caregiver sample and from - 0.60 to 0.65 for the general population sample, with a correlation of 0.96. On average, the classification of states as better or worse than dead matched in both samples (except for one state). Regression models also show that sample type does not have a significant average impact. After we introduce interaction effects, only the most severe level of two dimensions, cognitive problems and housework, result in significant differences-with the caregiver sample reporting higher values for the former, and lower values for the latter. Caregivers and the general population exhibit quite similar preferences concerning dependency-related health states. This suggests that the results of cost-utility analyses, and the resource allocation decisions based on them, would likewise not be significantly affected by the preferences used to generate the weighting algorithm.

The impact of e-commerce platforms' quality on customer satisfaction and repurchase intention in post COVID-19 settings

PurposeE-commerce expands product and service reach, emphasizing the need for strategic market approaches to enhance e-service quality and drive sales growth. This paper aims to assess the relationship between the perceived quality of e-commerce platforms (characterized by measures of order and return convenience), customer satisfaction with online shopping and repurchase intention from online stores as well as examine whether demographic variables such as age, gender and area of residency (urban/rural) influence the ratings of each of these variables.Design/methodology/approachAn online, self-administered survey gathered 108 valid responses from e-commerce customers. Data were analyzed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) through principal component analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) as well as correlation, descriptive statistics, difference of means tests and nonlinear regression.FindingsOnline shopping on e-commerce platforms is seen as convenient for both placing orders and managing returns. Additionally, consumers express satisfaction with their online shopping experiences and exhibit a strong intention to repurchase. The analysis revealed linear relationships between order convenience and customer satisfaction, between order convenience and repurchase intention and nonlinear relationships between return convenience, customer satisfaction and repurchase intention. No significant difference was found between the way the demographic variables rated the convenience, satisfaction and repurchase intention constructs.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the empirical literature on service quality in e-commerce by providing a streamlined model of the interactions among the factors as well as by isolating the nonlinear relationships and comparing results across three demographic variables. From a managerial standpoint, the findings suggest that strategies aimed at providing complete qualitative information and enhancing order and return convenience improve customer satisfaction and foster repurchase intention.

Sedentary Behavior Of Elementary School Students Based On Class Teacher Perceptions And Physical Education Teacher, Sports And Health In The District Turen

This type of quantitative research using a comparative causal method was carried out by comparing the perceptions of class teachers and PJOK teachers to determine the sedentary behavior of elementary school students spread across Turen District. Data was collected via an online questionnaire/questionnaire (google form) with 5 Likert answer scales and analyzed using a single mean versus criterion test (one sample t-test) and an independent group mean difference test (independent sample t-test). IBM SPSS Statistics 25 is used to make it easier to calculate analysis results. The findings of this research are (1) The physical activity of elementary school children according to the class teacher has not met the adequate criteria set, (2) The physical activity of elementary school children according to the PJOK teacher has not met the adequate criteria set, and (3) There is no significant difference in mean. between the class teacher's perception and the PJOK teacher's perception of the sedentary behavior of elementary school age children.

The Effect of Wordwall Media on Early Childhood Language Skills at TKIT Al-Kaukaba

The purpose of the research is to determine the influence of wordwall media on early childhood language skills in TKIT Al-Kaukaba. This study uses a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method using a Nonequivalent control group design. In this study, the population taken was all children of group B TKIT Al-Kaukaba totaling 30 students. The sampling technique in this study is total sampling, while the samples taken are TKIT Al-Kaukaba students with B1 group students of 15 children as the experimental group and B2 group of 15 children as the control class. The instrument in this study is an observation sheet of children's language skills. The data analysis technique using the mean difference test for two paired samples (unpaired sample t-test) was carried out to assess the data using SPSS software. The results of the study showed that there was a difference in the level of children's language proficiency between children who obtained the wordwall method compared to students who did not obtain the wordwall method

Adobe Animate-based Learning Media for IPAS Class V Elementary School Tlogosari Kulon 05 Effective and Improve Learning Outcomes

IPAS learning carried out at SD Negeri Tlogosari Kulon 05 experienced a decrease in learning outcomes marked by less than optimal KKTP results so that researchers conducted research related to learning media development. This study aims to develop Adobe Animate-based learning media and analyze the feasibility and effectiveness of Adobe Animate-based learning media. This research includes development research (Research and Development) with the ADDIE model. The subjects of this study were fifth grade students of SD Negeri Tlogosari Kulon 05. The results of this study developed learning media with the ADDIE model; Adobe Animate-based learning media are very feasible to implement with a percentage of material expert assessment of 91.6% and media experts 93.75%; and the effectiveness of learning media is tested with the results of the mean difference test by obtaining a sig (2-tailed) value of 0.000 which means that there is a significant difference in the average results of the pretest and posttest so that learning media can improve learning outcomes. It is concluded that Adobe Animate-based media is feasible and effective in learning IPAS in grade V of SD Negeri Tlogosari Kulon 05 which is known from the increase in learning outcomes

Efektivitas Model Eliciting Activitis (Meas) Terhadap Kemampuan Representasi Matematis Siswa MTs

The purpose of this research is to describe and obtain data on the influence of Model-Eliciting Activities (MEAs) on the representational ability of MTs students. This type of research is an experimental study with control and experimental groups by observing the results of pretests and posttests. The research instrument is a mathematical representation ability test. The population of this research consists of all students at MTs Madrasah Miftahul Ulum II Punggur Kecil, with the sample being two eighth-grade classes selected purposively from the seven existing classes. Data analysis was conducted using a two-population mean difference test. The results of the study show that the mathematical representation ability of students who received Model-Eliciting Activities is better than that of students who received conventional teaching. The improvement in the mathematical representation ability of students who received Model-Eliciting Activities in both the upper and lower groups is statistically better than that of students who received conventional teaching.

Improving Mathematical Understanding Ability Using Tournament Learning with the Help of Panta Media

Students' understanding of mathematical concepts is still relatively low, especially in data material. One of them is caused by the learning process which is still student-centered. So this research aims to find out how to increase student's ability to understand mathematical concepts using tournament-based learning with the help of panta media. This type of research is quasi-experimental with a nonequivalent control group research design. The population used was class V students in North Sumedang District with research samples from class V at SDN Sindang II as the experimental class and SDN Jatihurip as the control class. The instrument used is a test of the ability to understand mathematical concepts with description questions. The analysis technique in this research is the mean difference test (paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test) which has been tested for normality and homogeneity. To determine the increase in students' mathematical abilities, the N-Gain test was carried out. The two classes were given different treatments, namely the experimental class with tournament-based learning assisted by panta media and the control class with conventional learning. The increase in students' ability to understand mathematical concepts can be seen from the average N-Gain results in the experimental class of 0.6500 in the moderate improvement category and in the control class of 0.2591 which is classified as low improvement. The two classes have significant differences in their ability to understand mathematical concepts. It was concluded that tournament-based learning with the help of panta media can improve students' understanding of mathematical concepts.

Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Yoga on Blood Pressure in Women Between the Ages of 30 and 40 Years

High blood pressure or hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study aims to prove the effectiveness of aerobic exercise and yoga in lowering blood pressure in mothers. The study was conducted using experimental methods and involved 28 participants selected by purposive sampling from Nogosari village, Boyolali regency, Indonesia, during 12 sessions. Blood pressure data were collected from participants with hypertension before and after aerobic exercise and yoga. Measurements were taken on participants for 12 sessions in one month using a blood pressure monitor. The device used in this study was a sphygmomanometer ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Statistical tests were performed using independent samples t-tests with a significance level of p <0.05. The results of the homogeneity test showed that the systolic and diastolic variance in the control and experimental groups had the same variance with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results of both mean difference tests showed that there were significant differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the aerobic and yoga groups. This can be seen from the value of P-value Independent Samples t-test < 0.05. The results showed that low-impact aerobic exercise and yoga had a significant effect on blood pressure in women aged 30-40 years. Based on these data, it can be concluded that there is a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure from the category of moderate hypertension to normal-high in women aged 30-40 years after doing aerobic exercise and yoga.

Measurement invariance of the Suicide Cognitions Scale-Revised (SCS-R).

The Suicide Cognitions Scale-Revised (SCS-R) is a unidimensional measure of suicidal cognitions theorized to assess the suicide belief system. Several solutions have been proposed for the Suicide Cognitions Scale and SCS-R (e.g., bifactor model with two specific factors, bifactor model with two specific factors, three correlated factors model). Research indicates the endorsement of thoughts of suicide and suicide-related cognitions varies across demographics. Thus, the current investigation tested the measurement invariance (MI) of the SCS-R across gender, race, and sexual orientation within these proposed solutions and a unidimensional model. A national sample of N = 10,625 adults completed an online survey that included the SCS-R and self-report measures of demographics. Results indicated that the bifactor model with three specific factors, the bifactor model with two specific factors, and the three correlated factors models achieved scalar invariance across gender, race, and sexual orientation; a unidimensional model was not scalar invariant by gender. Tests of latent mean differences revealed significant differences in the general factor (i.e., suicidal belief system) and the specific unlovability, unbearability, and unsolvability factors between a few demographic groups. Implications for theory, measurement, and modeling are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Do Enterprises That Publish Sustainability Reports Have a Better Developed Environmental Responsibility and Are They More Transparent?

Enterprises increasingly publish sustainability reports to address concerns about their environmental and social impact. However, the voluntary nature of these reports and the lack of independent auditing often lead to skepticism regarding their authenticity, with some perceiving them as mere marketing or greenwashing tools. This study aims to investigate whether the publishing of sustainability reports truly reflects transparency and responsible behavior. The relationship between the publishing of sustainability reports, environmental responsibility policies, and transparency policies is analyzed. The research was conducted in Uruguay. A quantitative methodology was used. The sample was made up of a group of companies that evaluate their social and environmental responsibility practices. This is a non-probabilistic sample, which includes companies that publish sustainability reports and companies that do not publish them. The environmental responsibility and transparency of both groups were compared. Thirteen indicators were used to measure environmental responsibility, and eight indicators were used to measure transparency. To evaluate the relationship between the variables, different statistical techniques were used: chi-square, difference of means test, and simple correlations. Our findings reveal that: (1) enterprises publishing sustainability reports tend to have more developed environmental responsibility policies and greater transparency compared to those that do not publish, and (2) interestingly, the choice of reporting standards, particularly the Global Reporting Initiative, does not significantly impact the observed outcomes. Furthermore, the relationship among report publication, environmental responsibility, and transparency is influenced by enterprise size but remains unaffected by public trading status or capital origin (local or international). Despite its methodological limitations, this work contributes to the debate on the sincerity of companies that publish sustainability reports. Its results contribute to reducing the skepticism and distrust that exists about these reports. Also, the work contributes to the study of the relationship between environmental responsibility and the publishing of reports because it included segments of companies that are not considered in most research: medium-sized companies and private companies that are not listed on the stock market.

Enhancing Scientific Argumentation Skills in High School Physics: A Blended Learning Approach with Project-based Instruction

This empirical investigation delves into the application of blended learning within project-based instruction (project-based blended learning), within the framework of physics education for eleventh-grade students in a high school setting. The primary aim is to unravel the repercussions of this teaching model on the students' proficiency in scientific argumentation, particularly in the domain of optical instruments. Employing the non-equivalent control group design, the study enlists two classes: the experimental and the control group at a senior high school in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia, encompassing a total of 60 students during the academic year 2022/2023. Quantitative evaluation of scientific argumentation skills was conducted through tests, while qualitative insights into student reactions were garnered via an open-ended questionnaire. The findings underscore a noteworthy enhancement in the scientific argumentation abilities of the experimental group (n-gain: 0.69) as opposed to the control group (n-gain: 0.40), with the test of mean differences yielding a significance level (2-tailed) of 0.00. Qualitative scrutiny of the data also brought to light a more pronounced positive reception from students in the experimental cohort, lending support to the potential refinement of the project-based blended learning model for the augmentation of students' scientific argumentation aptitude.

EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA ANMATH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN LITERASI NUMERASI

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of using the ANMATH mathematics learning application in improving students' numeracy literacy. The type of research conducted is experimental research using a pretest-posttest control group design. The population used in this study consists of 11th-grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Sedayu. The sample used in this study includes students from class XI MIPA 1 and XI MIPA 2, selected through purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques used include observation, interviews, and the administration of pretest and posttest questions to assess students' numeracy literacy on sequences and series material. The hypothesis of this study is that the use of the ANMATH mathematics learning application can enhance students' numeracy literacy more effectively than direct learning without using the ANMATH mathematics learning application. The results of this study indicate that the use of the ANMATH mathematics learning application, which includes numeracy literacy indicators, has been proven effective in improving students' numeracy literacy. This conclusion is based on statistical tests, namely the Paired Sample T-Test, where the test results from the experimental class and the control class have a sig. 2-tailed value < 0.05, the Independent Sample T-Test, which has a sig. 2-tailed value < 0.05, and the mean difference test showing an increase in the experimental and control classes of 39.94 and 19.28, respectively. These results demonstrate that learning using the ANMATH mathematics learning application is more effective in improving students' numeracy literacy compared to learning without using the ANMATH mathematics learning application.

Assessment of knowledge about the doping in the rehabilitation assistance of performance and recreational athletes

Background: During the activity of performance and recreational athletes can arise critical situations that imply medical rehabilitation treatments. In the process of functional recovery, the applied methods can be sometimes aggressive and intense. The lack of knowledge of forbidden substances may pose a threat for the athlete’s health and performance. It is of utmost importance that the medical personnel that care for athletes take into consideration the risks and effects of doping substances. Methods: A group of 53 physicians - specialists in the field of physical medicine and sports medicine participated in the written study. The investigation was carried out according to the Questionnaire for the evaluation of anti-doping knowledge. By means of 14 categories of simple introductory questions, the questionnaire allowed the collection of data on the doctor's seniority and job, age, gender and general knowledge about substances and methods of interest in sports. The data of the participants in the questionnaires were collected and entered into a Microsoft Excel database and were analyzed in the MEDCALC statistical software program version 12.7.0. The data were analyzed using the SPSS program, version 21. Descriptive analysis was performed using the means and standard deviations of PEAS Instrument variables and mean difference tests were performed on two-response variables along with analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The majority of doctors (40/75.48%) do not have information about test procedures for inert substances and almost half of them (25/47.17%) do not know the anti-doping rules and standards developed within World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Of the people surveyed all (53/100%) positively noted the effectiveness of anti-doping programs, but 18 (33.96%) of the respondents distinguished exaggerated actions in the mass media regarding the issue of doping and 35 (66.04%) of the respondents did not have accusations against mediating the issue of doping. Of all the people investigated, the majority (49/92.45%) are ready to report on cases of doping in the anti-doping organization or the sports federation. 24 (45.28%) marked agreement in these actions and total agreement - 25 (47.17%) physicians. Conclusion: In the evaluation of the knowledge of specialist doctors involved in the assistance of people who practice performance and recreational sports, a discrepancy in the knowledge about doping was determined. The development of strategies and policies by informing doctors from medical rehabilitation and sports medicine in the field of sports doping will offer athletes access to quality medical services and safe professional activity. Keywords: medical rehabilitation of athletes, doping substances, World Anti-Doping Code

Perceived overlap and therapy outcomes among couple clients.

This article explores couples' perceptions and expectations of closeness in a clinical setting, and how relationship perceptions and expectations are associated with treatment outcomes. Bowen's theory of differentiation suggests that healthy relationships require a balance of autonomy and connection. However, some research suggests that contemporary societal expectations are pushing couples to expect greater degrees of closeness and less autonomy. Utilizing a clinical sample of 185 couples from an on-campus Couple and Family Therapy training clinic, this article explores couples' perceptions and expectations of relationship closeness utilizing graphics of overlapping circles. Latent profile analysis was conducted to identify three different profile groups based on perceptions and expectations. Wald tests for significant mean differences among the profiles were performed. Results identified significant differences between the three groups for satisfaction and separateness and connectedness variables, number of sessions and termination.

Investigating The Impact of Acquired Fundamental Laboratory Skills in Chemistry on The Student's Actual Academic Achievement in Rutsiro District of Rwanda

The enhancement of fundamental laboratory abilities in advanced learners has multiple implications for academic performance. Corrective action is necessary for secondary school pupils who are taking chemistry as a core subject because of their poor performance in the subject. The aim of this study was to find out how advanced-level learners learned fundamental laboratory skills in chemistry and how those skills affected their academic performance in two secondary schools. In the investigation, an empirical method was applied. Quantitative data were collected and analysed during the data-gathering processes. From the Rutsiro district of Rwanda, mathematical-chemistry-biology and physics-chemistry-biology combinations in chemistry were studied by a sample of senior five learners in advanced secondary education who were studying chemistry as a core subject. Quantitative data were gathered using a closed questionnaire and a positivist approach that uses deductive research. The theory was the starting point, and it was determined whether or not practical laboratory skills had been established. There were186 respondents in the target group, of which 80 were chosen from several secondary schools, one of which was a boarding school (the School of Excellence) with a fully functional chemical lab and the other a 12-year-old BE (Basic Education) that had chemistry kits but no chemistry lab. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the data. The results of the paired t-test show that the test mean difference (M = 1.363) is less than the school mean difference (M = 1.463). At the 0.001 level of significance, the results of the analysis suggest that the scores for the two means differed statistically significantly (t (79) = 0.000, n = 80, P < 0.001). The results of the statistical test indicate that students' views towards chemistry were somewhat influenced by the fundamental laboratory chemistry practical skills taught in schools. Students who failed practical tests for basic laboratory skills may not have access to well-equipped labs, but their interest in chemistry can be sustained through practical work.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE VIDEO CRITIC METHOD ON THE UNDERSTANDING OF MORALS OF CLASS IX STUDENTS OF MTS AL-ITTIHADIYAH PANGKALAN MANSYUR

This research aims to determine the effect of the video criticism method on understanding morals in class IX MTs students. The type of research carried out was quantitative with an experimental method using a One Group Pretest and Post Test Design research design. The population in this study were all IX students of MTs Al Ittihadiyah Pangkalan Mansyur, with a sample selected using the Non Probability Sampling technique, namely class IX Ali, totaling 29 people. The data collection techniques used were pretest and posttest. The results of research using the IBM SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) v.25 data processing program show that the average (mean) post test score was 76.38, while the average (mean) pretest score was 44.14. With the highest pretest score of 55 and post test of 90, the difference in score obtained is 35 (90-55). This shows that the video criticism method is able to improve students' moral understanding very well. Based on the mean difference test with Paired Sample T-test analysis on IBM SPSS Statistics v.25, the sign value (2-tailed) = 0.00 was obtained which was compared with the calculated result of sign a = 0.05 with a confidence level of 95%. From the results of these calculations, the sign is 0.00 ≤ 0.05, which means that H_0 is rejected or H_1 is accepted. Thus, the average student post test score is higher than the average student pretest score.

Community Diagnosis Permasalahan Kesehatan di RT 08, Dusun Pringgolayan, Kelurahan Banguntapan, Kapanewon Banguntapan, Kabupaten Bantul, DIY

<em>Community Diagnosis is an activity to explore the presence of health problems in a group of communities or society by collecting data directly in the field. The data obtained from the field is then processed and analyzed and then followed by interpretation. The next step is to determine the priority of the problem with the aim of getting an overview of health problems in the RT. 08, Pringgolayan Village, Banguntapan, Bantul. The method used in this activity was quantitative descriptive analysis using door to door interviews using a diagnostic questionnaire which was then intervened with counseling and the provision of health promotion media in the form of posters, leaflets and checking blood pressure. Based on the normality test that has been carried out, the data is normally distributed, so it is continued with the paired sample t test (two mean difference test) obtained a significance value of 0.000, which means <0.05 so it can be concluded that there is a difference in the average knowledge about the dangers of smoking between before and after smoking and after</em>