Ability Test Research Articles

Integrating intellectual, emotional, and spiritual intelligence to enhance academic achievement in pencak silat

Background Problems: Intellectual, emotional, and spiritual intelligences are believed to influence student learning achievement. However, the specific impact of these intelligences on physical education and, more specifically, on pencak silat learning outcomes remains unexplored. Research Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intellectual, emotional, and spiritual intelligence on students' learning achievement in pencak silat. Methods: This research method uses descriptive quantitative causality. We sampled 96 students from a high school in Bekasi City. This study used four instruments: (i) Sternberg triarchic abilities test, (ii) global emotional intelligence test, (iii) spiritual intelligence test, and (iv) pencak silat learning achievement using Bloom's taxonomy. We analysed the data using descriptive statistics, specifically the F-test and T-test. Findings and Results: The study revealed that intellectual, spiritual, and emotional intelligence all play a significant role in enhancing students' learning achievement in pencak silat within physical education settings. Among these, emotional intelligence emerged as the most influential factor, surpassing both intellectual and spiritual intelligence in its impact on academic success. This finding underscores the critical role of emotional regulation and awareness in mastering complex physical and mental skills in pencak silat. Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of strengthening all aspects of intelligence in education. This research brings a fresh perspective to the field of physical education, highlighting the increasing prominence of emotional intelligence in learning outcomes. It demonstrates the need for the development of emotional intelligence in the context of physical education, particularly in relation to pencak silat. For a more comprehensive understanding, we can conduct further research to investigate the interaction of these intelligences with other variables such as motivation, learning environment, and teaching methods.

Profiles of academic and cognitive abilities differ in younger and older children from diverse socioeconomic neighbourhoods

ABSTRACT Objective Research indicates that socioeconomic status (SES) influences developmental outcomes, particularly in language, executive functions, and intelligence, though findings have been mixed. This study examines the relationship between academic, cognitive and intellectual abilities in a cross-section of children at two age levels in low-SES vs. high-SES schools. Method We administered a computerised battery of tests to 46 children in Grade Two (youngest 6.9 years old) and 67 children in Grade Six (oldest 12.4 years old) across four primary schools from low-SES and high-SES neighbourhoods. The test battery comprised two academic ability tests, five cognitive ability tests, and two intelligence tests. Results In Grade Two, the low-SES group showed disadvantages on all measures except the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task and Choice Reaction Time. In Grade Six, while academic differences persisted between SES groups, cognitive differences were limited to the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, where the high-SES group performed better than the low-SES group. Conclusions Though our results pertain to cross-sectional data using neighbourhood indices of SES, our findings contrast with previous research showing broad and pervasive disadvantages associated with lower SES. Future research should further examine the potential differences and similarities in developmental outcomes across SES groups using longitudinal methods.

Case study of the identification of gifted students in an independent school in Sydney’s western suburbs: What is working, what needs improvement, and what could change look like

This case study presents a report of the identification processes for gifted students at an independent school in western Sydney. This study aims to provide some insights into the efficacy of the current identification methods and the perceived support for the identification of gifted students across the school leadership. The findings are informed by the analysis of students’ ability and achievement tests over several years and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders in the school’s leadership team. This methodology underpins the data collection appropriate for this research. Key findings highlight the challenges of providing and maintaining a consistent, robust policy that allows for rigorous identification and the reliance on ad hoc recommendations and limited data points. It was also noted that although there was a paucity of ability testing, empirical data did inform student allocation to academic classes associated with high academic performance. It was also found that the attitudes among the school leadership were positive, and they acknowledged a need for change. The report recommends that the school expand its procedures for identifying gifted students and support this with a formalized, clear, and accessible policy. This would ensure a more systematic and reliable approach to recognizing and nurturing gifted students, ultimately enhancing their educational experience.

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE STUDENTS VOCABULARY MASTERY WITH THEIR READING COMPREHENSION ABILITY IN LEARNING ENGLISH AT SMPIT AJIMUTU GLOBAL INSANI TAMBUN, BEKASI

This study aims to identify and analyze the relationship between vocabulary mastery and reading ability in English language learning at SMPIT Ajimutu Global Insani. Good vocabulary mastery is often considered one of the key factors in improving reading ability, as a strong understanding of vocabulary directly impacts students' ability to interpret texts. This study employs a quantitative method with a correlational approach to measure the extent to which vocabulary mastery influences students' reading ability. Data were collected from 20 students through two types of tests: a vocabulary mastery test and a reading ability test. The analysis results reveal a significant positive correlation between vocabulary mastery and students' reading ability, although this correlation falls within the low category. These findings suggest that vocabulary mastery plays an essential role in enhancing reading ability; however, they also highlight the presence of other contributing factors that affect students' reading performance. Based on these results, it is recommended that vocabulary instruction in the English curriculum at the junior high school level be given greater emphasis to enhance students' overall reading ability.

Development of Discovery Learning Model Learning Tools on the Know Industry Theme to Improve Numeracy Skills

Purpose: This research aims to develop learning tools consisting of teaching modules, student worksheets, and numeracy ability test questions using the discovery learning learning model on the tofu industry theme that is valid, practical, and effective. Methodology: This type of research is development research using the Thiagarajan 4D development model. The data collection techniques used were observation of the implementation of learning tools, student observation, numeracy ability test results, and student response questionnaires. The research subjects consisted of 33 students in the trial class, 32 students in the experimental class, and 32 students in the control class. Findings: The findings from this research are that the learning tools developed have valid, practical and effective criteria. Apart from that, another discovery was that the learning tools developed had a significant influence on an increase in students' numeracy skills as shown by the average N-Gain value of the experimental class being greater than that of the control class. This shows that there is a significant influence from the application of the discovery learning tool model with the tofu industry theme on increasing the number of students. Unique contributions to theory, practice and policy: It is recommended that teachers can develop and apply Discovery Learning by presenting problems in everyday life in other learning materials. This is because the Discovery Learning learning model can improve students' numeracy skills.

Measuring Spatial Ability: Analysis of Spatial Ability Test for Gulf State Students Using Item Response Theory

This study evaluates the psychometric properties of the spatial ability test using the three-parameter logistic model within item response theory. The final version of the scale comprised 29 dichotomous items, administered to a sample of 2,694 male and female students from grades 5 and 6 across schools in the Arab Gulf region. The test adhered to the three-parameter model, satisfying the assumptions of unidimensionality and local independence. The item difficulty parameters ranged from -1.541 to 1.735, discrimination parameters spanned from 0.419 to 5.252, and guessing parameters varied between 0.00 and 0.346. With a marginal reliability coefficient of 0.86, the scale demonstrated strong stability. These findings indicate that the test items align with established measurement principles, supporting the spatial ability test as a valid and reliable assessment tool for measuring spatial abilities in the Gulf region. The results have important implications for educational assessment in the Arab Gulf and could guide the development of similar assessments in other educational contexts. Further research is recommended to improve the test’s precision and explore its application in diverse educational settings.

The osteogenic effect of mesenchymal stem cells regulated by photo‐crosslinked hydrogels with tunable elastic modulus

AbstractBiomimicry is the enduring pursuit in the field of bone implants, wherein bio‐materials with adjustable elastic modulus and porosity, the same as natural bone, offer a novel strategy for developing and applying new bone repair materials. Conventional biomaterials are often used to repair bone defects without complete consideration of structural and functional osseointegration, leading to interface repair failure. In this study, organic‐inorganic interpenetrating network technology was employed using varying amounts of nano‐hydroxyapatite (nHAP) and methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) and osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) to construct biomimetic bones with low, medium, and high nano‐hydroxyapatite content (GelMA‐c‐OGP/nHAP). As the concentration of nano‐hydroxyapatite increases, comprehensive evaluations of the biomimetic materials were conducted using osteogenic ability tests, Micro‐CT scans, nanoindentation tests, and mechanical tests. The developed biomimetic structural material exhibits well‐controlled mechanical properties. Compared to natural bone trabeculae, this biomimetic material not only maintains the organic and inorganic ratio of natural bone but also demonstrates exceptional mechanical load‐bearing capabilities. Additionaly，this scaffold exhibits good porosity and mechanical properties. It enhances cell adhesion, integrates perfectly with bone tissue, and demonstrates excellent osteogenic ability both in vitro and in vivo. This study lays the foundation for constructing biomimetic scaffolds with adjustable mechanical properties, presenting high prospects for applications in the field of tissue engineering.

Phonics Reading Method to Overcome Beginning Reading Difficulties on Elementary School Student in Surabaya

Reading is an important skill for students when learning activities at school because they have to understand concepts and theories from reading activities. One of the problems about beginning reading difficulties was experienced by MNE, an 8 years old grade 1 elementary school student. MNE has difficulty in reading at first, the client still finds it difficult to distinguish between letters or pronounces letter incorrectly, one of which is the letter b which reads p, g which reads j, f which reads v. MNE still don't know several letters such as the letters w, y, x, and q. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with a case study method to strengthen the diagnosis of MNE based on existing symptoms. The assessments used were observation, interview, intelligence test, and EGRA reading ability test. The intervention using the phonic reading method for 4 sessions in 10 days. The results of the intervention showed an increase in the client’s reading ability to recognize letters well. Client’s motivation to read also increases by trying to read all things that he sees with validation from the people around him

The Effect Of Variations In Dribble and Retreat Exercises Zig-Zag Dribble On Dribble Speed In Basketball Extraculicular SMP 1 Sukodono

Abstract Speed ​​ This research aims to determine the effect of variations in dribble retreat and zig-zag dribble training on dribbling speed in extracurricular basketball at SMP 1 Sukodono. The hypothesis put forward is that there are variations in dribble retreat and zig-zag dribble training on dribble speed in basketball extracurricular activities at SMP 1 Sukodono. The sample of this research were 20 students who took part in extracurricular basketball at SMP 1 Sukodono. The research design used in this study was a pretest-posttest control group design. This type of research uses quantitative research methods. The data collection method uses a ball dribbling ability test instrument which is obtained from the results of doing retreat dribble and zig-zag dribble exercises. Data analysis used to test the hypothesis is the paired sample t test. The results of the description above can be seen based on calculations from the results of SPSS 25 data processing, it is found that the data in table 14 shows that the sig. (2-tailed) using variations of dribble training using variations of retreat dribble and zig-zag dribble training was 0.00 < 0.05, and the calculated t value was 11.857, while the control group without any treatment was 0.000 < 0, 05, and the calculated t value is 9,000. So it can be concluded that variations in dribble retreat and zig-zag dribble training can increase dribble speed in basketball extracurricular activities at SMP 1 Sukodono. Keywords: Retreat dribble, zig-zag dribble, speed dribble

Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Trigometri

This study aims to describe the mathematical problem-solving abilities of Grade 10 students at SMA Negeri 10 Sinjai in solving trigonometry problems. This research is qualitative with a descriptive approach. The subjects of this study were three Grade 10 students from SMA Negeri 10 Sinjai, selected based on their problem-solving abilities categorized as high, medium, and low after administering a prior problem-solving ability test. Therefore, the selection of research subjects was conducted purposively. The data collection methods used were tests and interviews. The test employed was a Problem-Solving Ability Test designed by the researcher based on Polya's Theory, while the interviews were guided by an interview protocol developed to deepen the information regarding the students' problem-solving abilities. The data analysis involved data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings of this study indicate that students in the high category can accurately understand the problems in solving trigonometry questions, plan the solutions, implement the problem-solving steps correctly, draw conclusions from their answers in the form of representations, and recheck their work to ensure the correctness of their answers. Meanwhile, students in the medium category generally have a good understanding of the problems; however, they sometimes forget to write down one of the given or asked elements in the trigonometry questions. They can correctly write equations or formulas and execute the solution process appropriately but occasionally forget to summarize their answers. Lastly, students in the low category struggle to perform problem-solving steps, such as understanding the problem, planning the solution, executing the solution, and drawing conclusions for the trigonometry problems.

Correlation Between Mathematical Literacy Abilities and Students' Mastery of Problem Solving Abilities

This research aims to determine whether or not mathematical literacy skills influence students' problem-solving abilities. The research method used is quantitative research with a regression approach. The subjects were 64 class XI students, who were selected using cluster random sampling from a population of 133 students. Data was obtained using the Mathematical Literacy Ability Questionnaire and Mathematical Problem Solving Ability Test Instrument. Data were analyzed using appropriate test statistics, namely the Chi-Square and Simple Linearity Test as prerequisite tests. Hypothesis testing is carried out in stages: (1) Pearson's Product Moment Correlation analysis, (2) Correlation Significance Test, and (3) Coefficient of Determination Test. After the data analysis, it was concluded that mathematical literacy abilities (X) positively influenced mathematical problem-solving skills (Y). This is proven by the calculation results of Sig.=0.000 < Sig.α =0.05 and the coefficient of determination value of 0.906. This means that mathematical literacy skills strongly influence mathematical problem-solving abilities, and the effect is 90.6%. The regression equation Y = -53.813 + 0.8189X shows that for every additional unit of variable X, the Y value or students' mathematical problem-solving ability increases by 0.8189.

The effectiveness of the teaching program “scientific creativity in practice”

This study examines the impact of the Scientific Creativity in Practice program on students’ scientific creativity. This comprehensive teaching program aims to foster general creative skills, domain-specific competencies, and certain personality traits in science education. The program includes a variety of interventions and reflection tools that focus on divergent thinking, problem-solving, bisociation, imagination, and metacognition, which promotes strategies for developing, selecting, and evaluating creative solutions to scientific problems. The study used a two-group, repeated-measures design in Austrian secondary schools, with 26 classes taught using teaching techniques from the program and 12 control classes using traditional teaching methods. The effectiveness of the teaching program was assessed using the Divergent Problem-Solving Ability test, which was administered at the beginning and end of the school year. The results showed that the intervention classes achieved significantly higher scores, indicating improved divergent problem-solving ability.The study also emphasized the importance of intervention fidelity, with the quality of implementation (adherence) having a significantly higher impact on outcomes than the quantity (number of interventions). The results confirm the effectiveness of the Scientific Creativity in Practice program in fostering academic creativity and emphasize the importance of a well-structured teaching program. Future research will focus on measuring the impact of individual techniques of the program on different aspects of scientific creativity.

Language and Cognitive Impairments in Multiple Sclerosis: a Comparative Study of RRMS and SPMS Patients.

Previous studies have reported that patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) face cognitive difficulties. Much less, however, is known about their language abilities. The present study aims to provide a clear view of the language abilities of adults with MS, considering their cognitive skills and the type of the disorder. Specifically, 20 patients with Relapsing-Remitting MS, 17 patients with Secondary Progressive MS, and two healthy control groups demographically matched with the clinical groups, took part in the study. Their language abilities were examined using the Adult Language Abilities Test, which explores morpho-syntactic and semantic phenomena of the Greek language in both comprehension and production modes. Our results did not reveal statistically significant differences between the two clinical groups on any cognitive or language subtest. Both groups, however, performed poorer than the control groups in producing the correct form of verbs, possessive and weak personal pronouns, and in comprehending relative and passive clauses. Participants' performance in morphosyntax was found to be related to their processing speed. Mapping the cognitive and language abilities of patients with MS is crucial for designing effective targeted interventions, which can help them adopt strategies to manage their specific cognitive and language symptoms.

Exploring the relationship between dyscalculia and working memory in Egyptian children

BackgroundDyscalculia, a specific learning disorder per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Fifth Edition (DSM-5), involves difficulties in math domains. Research on working memory’s link to dyscalculia is crucial for effective interventions in children with the disorder. This study aims to examine the cognitive characteristics of Egyptian children with developmental dyscalculia by evaluating their performance in verbal and visuospatial working memory. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Unit of Phoniatrics, Ain Shams University. The study included 60 children, aged 8–11 years, split into two groups: 30 diagnosed with dyscalculia (with or without dyslexia), and 30 with typical development, matched for age and sex, and without any communication, language, speech, or learning disabilities. Both tests—the Test of Mathematical Abilities (TOMA-3) and the working memory test—were administered to both groups.Results and conclusionCases group show notably lower scores on tests measuring dyscalculia and working memory when compared to the control group. The highest percentage of impairment observed is in visual memory. However, there is no clinically significant difference between phonological (auditory) memory and visual memory. The correlation analysis indicated that the visuospatial sketchpad correlates with mathematical symbols and computations, while the phonological (auditory memory) shows a significant positive correlation with word problems.

Analysis of Students Creative Thinking Abilities on the Topic of Energy in Living Systems

Creative thinking is a habit of sharp thinking with intuition, moving the imagination, revealing new possibilities, uncovering unique ideas, and inspiring unexpected ideas. Based on fluency, flexibility, and originality, this research aims to describe students' creative thinking abilities regarding energy material in class VII life systems at SMP Negeri 1 Tapa. This research type is descriptive qualitative research. The instrument used is a 10-number essay test whose validity has been tested. The sample used in this research was 30 students. The results of research on creative thinking abilities on energy materials in living systems are in the fluency aspect of 55.83% in the enough creative category, the flexibility aspect of 67.5% in the creative category, and the originality aspect of 52.5% in the enough creative category. This shows that the low ability to think creatively is due to students' need to understand the creative thinking ability test and students' unfamiliarity with creative thinking. Students are expected to be able to practice working on questions that can hone creative thinking skills and can use the results of this research as a reference for further research related to creative thinking skills.

Development Of Problem-Solving Measuring Instrument In Motion Topic Using the Testlet Model

This research aims to produce the Testlets' model instrument test that measures the problem-solving abilities of high school students in West Kalimantan on motion topics. The study employed A.D.D.I.E.'s development model, which consists of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. Three hundred four students from three different cities in West Kalimantan were involved as respondents in this study. The researchers collected data through test techniques and documentation since this study focused on the characteristics of the test. The instrument test of problem-solving abilities is designed to follow Heller's solution stages, namely focusing on the problem, describing physics, planning a solution, implementing the plan, and evaluating the answer. The results of this study are the availability of 20 multiple-choice questions, with five main questions and four testlets. The assessment instrument developed had the characteristics of validity up to 0.90 (high), reliability through Cronbach's Alpha Reliability analysis: 0.83 (very good), person reliability: 0,84 (high) and item reliability: 0.98 (excellent). The test developed is theoretically and practically feasible so that high school physics teachers can use it to measure students' problem-solving abilities more quickly because it uses a multiple-choice test.

Development of Mathematics E-Module to Improve Students' Mathematical Problem Solving Skills in Problem Based Learning Models

E-modules are electronic teaching materials that are designed practically and systematically to help students learn independently. The purpose of this study is to determine the validity, and practicality of the mathematics e-module of System of Linear Equations in Three Variables material, as well as to determine the magnitude of the increase in students' mathematical problem solving abilities. This research was a research and development (R&D) with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Data collection techniques use observation, interviews, questionnaires, tests, and documentation. The instruments in this study are learning implementation observation sheet, expert validation questionnaires and student response, list of interview questions, mathematical problem solving ability test questions, as well as documentation of research activities. The results showed that 1) media expert validation of 3.87 with very valid criteria and material expert validation of 3.71 with very valid criteria; 2) student response questionnaire of 3.26 with very practical criteria; and 3) the occurrence of an increase in students' mathematical problem solving ability by 0.49 with moderate criteria.

Evaluation of Validity and Reliability Using Rasch Model and SPSS on Students' Mathematical Creative Thinking Ability

Mathematical creative thinking is an important skill for students to face global challenges and advances in science and technology. However, previous research shows that this skill is still low among Indonesian students. Accurate measurement can be ensured by valid and reliable instruments. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the validity and reliability of the mathematical creative thinking ability test instrument using the Rasch Model and SPSS. The research method is quantitative with a survey approach, involving 106 participants from various demographic backgrounds. The results of the validity test using the Rasch model showed that the eight items on the mathematical creative thinking ability test instrument met the criteria with the ideal value range for Outfit MNSQ, Outfit ZSTD, and PTMEA-CORR. In addition, the validity test results using SPSS show that the eight items have a correlation coefficient value that exceeds the r product moment value. The results of the analysis showed that the instruments tested were valid and reliable with a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.73 using the Rasch Model and SPSS. However, the Rasch Model showed 24 persons that did not fit, which means that the Rasch model's ability to provide more specific results. Both methods can be used effectively to measure the validity and reliability of mathematical creative thinking test instruments and the Rasch Model provides more detailed information in identifying persons who do not fit

Validity and Reliability Survey of Mathematical Reasoning Ability of Senior High School Students Using Statistical Applications

In Indonesia, students' reasoning ability is still very low, especially in mathematical reasoning ability. It was found that the data of mathematical reasoning ability test results of class X students where only 47.22% reached the minimum learning completeness. Reasoning ability also plays an important role in the process of thinking creatively, logically, and systematically so that students can conclude solutions from several known facts as well as proof of mathematical statements, find new ideas, overcome challenges in solving mathematical problems, and reduce dependence on memorization. This study aims to determine the validity and reliability in mathematical reasoning ability of high school students using two statistical applications, namely SPSS and Winstep. The research method used is a quantitative research method with a survey approach, which has a total of 252 respondents from class X high school students in Jakarta. The results of the validity test research using SPSS have 6 valid items so that they are in accordance with the criteria. While the results of the validity test using Winstep there are seven items that do not match the three, and there are twenty-nine items that only meet one requirement, so 154 items must be maintained because they are fulfilled. Meanwhile, the results of reliability calculations using SPSS and Winstep obtained the results (α = 0,74). By using two different statistical applications, namely SPSS and Winstep, it can be stated that the results of the mathematical reasoning ability test have been declared valid and reliable.

Demographic, morphological and coat factors in dogs after exercise at a fast course ability test (FCAT) trial.

Domestic dogs are a widely diverse species of endothermic mammals that show a positive correlation between body mass and whole-animal metabolic rate, but a negative correlation between body mass and lifespan, making them an interesting system for determining thermoregulatory patterns in relation to body mass, body morphology, and age within a single mammalian species. Though previous work has found differences in thermoregulation across seasons and with training in dogs of different sizes, we now seek to determine (1) whether sampling event-related temperature differences remained when dogs exercised intensely and acutely outdoors and (2) whether thermal differences were also expressed in short-term burst exercise in athletic dogs compared to long-term exercise in non-athletic dogs, as previously found. Here, we measured tympanic membrane temperature (Tear) as a correlate of core or internal body temperature (Tb). We also measured changes in body temperature across different body surfaces using thermal imaging (Teye, Tnose, and Tmouth) in dogs after exercise during Fast Course Agility Trial (FCAT) competitions between spring and summer months in Central New York State, USA (N = 20, July and August N = 26). We correlated these data to each dog's body mass (average(± standard error) = 29.97(± 0.24) lbs.), age (5.99(± 0.78) years), and various aspects of body part measurements and coat characteristics, such as length, type, and color. First, in our overall dataset, being sampled in May was the most significant predictor of temperature slope (p < 0.001), and we identified far more significant predictor variables in the May event dataset than in other datasets. Second, as we gave special attention to our study population, we found that running an outdoor, burst exercise course (FCAT trial) shows a different pattern of thermoregulation compared with previous work. Thus, our data may offer preliminary insights that thermoregulation in dogs varies with sampling event and exercise type, though additional research is needed to understand the complexity of these observed patterns. Our data also provides evidence that responses can be plastic depending on the dog's individual phenotype and that athleticism may affect thermoregulation in dogs, similar to humans.