Content Validity Testing Research Articles

Psychometric properties of comprehensive cognitive, affective, and psychomotor competency assessment scales in psychodynamic psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder

BackgroundPsychodynamic psychotherapy is a type of psychotherapy for individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, competency in conducting effective psychodynamic psychotherapy for BPD is difficult to evaluate. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the psychometric properties of a comprehensive scale to assess cognitive, affective, and psychomotor competencies (CS-CAPC) in psychodynamic psychotherapy for BPD.MethodsThis is a qualitative study. The first step used the Delphi technique to gather experts’ opinions on the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor competencies necessary to conduct psychodynamic psychotherapy for BPD. The experts comprised three psychotherapists, seven psychiatrists with experience in psychotherapy, and nine teaching staff. A panel discussion was conducted to obtain qualitative data. Thematic data analysis was adopted, and content validity testing was used to analyze the content validity of the CS-CAPC in psychodynamic psychotherapy for BPD.ResultsThe CS-CAPC comprised two scales assessing two specific competencies in psychodynamic psychotherapy for BPD: The first scale, the psychodynamic formulation competency assessment scale (PF-CAS), comprised six items, including the case description, etiology, and potential course of therapy. The second scale, the practical-competency assessment scale (PC-CAS) for psychodynamic psychotherapy for BPD, comprised 12 items, including building a therapeutic alliance, performing psychodynamic interventions while working through the therapeutic process, and closing the session. The scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) for the PF-CAS was 0.981, and that for the PC-CAS in psychodynamic psychotherapy for BPD was 1.00.ConclusionThe CS-CAPC in psychodynamic psychotherapy for BPD had good validity in assessing individual competency in the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains.

Integrated Learning Models for Micro-Teaching Course

The progressive world of education needs to be accelerated by fulfilling the competencies of prospective teachers who are also progressive through a series of performance tasks that are relevant to learning needs in the 21st century. This research used Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) to innovate an integrated learning model for a micro-teaching course. A needs analysis was conducted on 75 students, two lecturers, and 30 teachers to assess actual performance, confirm desired performance, and identify causes of performance gaps. Researchers then designed performance tasks and validated them by 10 raters, tested them on 337 students to test the outer and inner models, and tested them on 30 students, 28 lecturers, and 49 teachers to test differences. Test content validity using the Aiken-V formula and test inter-rater reliability using ICC. Meanwhile, testing the validity and reliability of the construct uses outer and inner model analysis (CB-SEM), and the difference test uses ANOVA. The content validity results prove that all task performance meets the Aiken parameters (0.75-1.00), the interrater reliability value is 0.573, and the Cronbach alpha value is 0.931. Testing the outer model proves that the loading factor task performance value ranges from 0.709-0.874, the Cronbach alpha value ranges from 0.768-0.880, the composite reliability value ranges from 0.768-0.879, the AVE value ranges from 0.580-0.649, and the discriminant validity value ranges from 0.761-0.806. The inner model test proves that the Chi-Square/df value = 2.254, RMSEA value = 0.061, SRMR value = 0.036, NFI value = 0.910, TLI value = 0.936, and CFI value = 0.948. Meanwhile, the results of the ANOVA test confirm that the Sig value = 0.098, so it can be concluded that there are no significant differences between the three sample groups regarding the model innovation results. Thus, the 25-task performance in the integrated learning model has a significant psychometric function relative to the actual situation, so it becomes one of the references that lecturers can use to improve the competency of prospective teachers in micro-teaching courses (not limited to teaching skills, analytical thinking skills, academic integrity, and transformational leadership). Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-06-020 Full Text: PDF

Development of Learning Tools Based on the Culturally Responsive Transformative Teaching Model with a Socio-Scientific Issues Approach: Evaluation of Validity and Practicality

The importance of conducting this research is based on observations indicating that the implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka on the theme of local wisdom has been limited to Sabtu Budaya (Cultural Saturday) activities, without further integration into the learning process, particularly in the development of learning tools. This research aims to develop a learning tool based on the CRTT model with a SSI approach that is both valid and practical. The type of research employed is Research and Development (R&D), with a 4D development design limited to the define, design, and develop stages. The development stage is restricted to validation and practicality testing. Data collection techniques included expert validation sheets, student and teacher response questionnaires, and observation sheets for the implementation of learning activities. Data analysis techniques used Aiken's V validity index, Percentage of Agreement, and percentage method. The results of the content and construct validity tests indicate that the learning tool based on the CRTT model with the SSI approach is classified as highly valid, with the assessment agreement among validators being reliable. The results of the practicality test show that student responses had an average of 89.02%, categorized as practical, teacher responses were 92.81%, categorized as practical, and the implementation of learning activities reached 85.71%. These results indicate that the learning tool based on the CRTT model with the SSI approach is both valid and practical for use in the learning process.

Mathematics Teachers’ and Students’ Learning Evaluation for National Learning Camp: Basis for Supplementary YouTube Video Lessons

The National Learning Camp (NLC) in the Philippines aims to bridge the learning gaps created by the COVID-19 epidemic. Therefore, this study evaluated the NLC based on the perspectives of the mathematics teachers and students who participated in the camp. An explanatory sequential design was employed to gather rich data. An evaluation form and interview guide questions were used to collect data subjected to content validation and pilot testing. The findings reveal that mathematics teachers and students evaluated the NLC effectively in learning activities, materials, support, and outcomes. However, mathematics teachers experienced challenges like errors in the printed materials, hard-to-contextualize lessons, broad topics, time-consuming preparation of instructional materials, and inappropriate learning content. Similarly, students experienced challenges such as unclear printed materials, too many lessons that needed to be covered, too much content, and challenging lessons. As an output, teacher-made supplementary YouTube video lessons are created based on the students’ suggestions to help those who participate in NLC for grade 7

Developing and Validating the Health Literacy Scale for Migrant Workers: Instrument Development and Validation Study.

Research concerning health literacy among migrant workers in South Korea has been limited, especially given the lack of validated instruments and the lack of focus on the cultural diversity of migrant workers. This study aimed to develop and validate a health literacy scale for unskilled migrant workers (HLS-MW) in South Korea. We first generated a pool of potential items based on a literature review and in-depth interviews with 23 migrant workers. Subsequently, we reviewed empirical referents from the first step to select relevant medical terminologies and passages, ultimately choosing 709 words. The study team initially generated 35 items with 709 health-related terms through empirical referent reviews. After content validity testing by an expert panel, 28 items comprising 89 terms on the 2 subscales of prose and documents were selected for psychometric testing. Overall, 402 unskilled migrant workers in South Korea completed a web-based survey between August and September 2021, with 334 responses included in the final analysis. We used multiple analytic approaches, including exploratory factor analysis, Rasch analysis (item response theory), and descriptive analysis, to examine the new scale's validity and reliability. The final sample primarily included young male workers from South Asian countries. The HLS-MW yielded 2 factors: prose and documents. The item difficulty scores ranged from -1.36 to 2.56. The scale was reduced to 13 items (10 prose and 3 document items), with the final version exhibiting good internal reliability (Kuder-Richardson index=0.88; intraclass correlation coefficient=0.94, 95% CI 0.93-0.95) and test-retest reliability (r=0.74, 95% CI 0.57-0.92). HLS-MW scores differed significantly by Korean language proficiency (F2,331=3.54, P=.004). The HLS-MW is a reliable and valid measure to assess health literacy among migrant workers in South Korea. Further studies are needed to test the psychometric properties of the HLS-MW in diverse migrant groups in South Korea while also establishing cutoffs to help identify those in need of health literacy support.

Evaluating the reliability and validity of a Chinese version of the performance-oriented mobility assessment among patients with chronic stroke.

The Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) is a reliable instrument for evaluating the mobility (balance and gait) of patients with chronic stroke to manage their risk of falling; however, it has not been validated among Chinese patients with stroke. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese POMA in patients with stroke. The POMA was applied to volunteer patients with stroke from the Shanghai MCC Hospital. The patients underwent the Chinese POMA, Berg balance scale (BBS), and timed up and go (TUG) tests on the first day of inpatient treatment. The same physician repeated the tests the next day to assess test-retest reliability, and upon the patient's discharge from the inpatient department, two different physicians measured inter-rater reliability. The study involved 76 patients with stroke (age: 62.04 ± 9.76 years; 34.2% female). The results showed that the Chinese POMA had good overall internal consistency (σ=. 875), with a moderate consistency between its two subscales (balance σ = 0.875; gait σ = 0.668). The individual items showed high test-retest (ICC = 0.997) and inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.988). The content validity test showed high correlations between the Chinese POMA, the BBS (rs = 0.70), and the TUG (rs = -0.75). However, the confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the two-factor model (balance and gait) was mediocre. The Chinese POMA showed acceptable reliability and validity for evaluating mobility (balance and gait) in Chinese patients with stroke in terms of their risk of falling. However, further evaluation of the two-factor model (balance and gait) is required.

Make the Right Call: formative evaluation for a water safety programme for adults in Western Australia.

Preventing drowning in adults is a complex, multifaceted injury prevention issue. The adult drowning rate in Australia is continuing to rise. In 2023, more than half of those who drowned were aged over 45 years. While there has been a call for robust, evidence-informed drowning prevention interventions across the life course, evidence of evaluated, drowning prevention programmes for adults is lacking. For more than a decade, drowning prevention researchers and practitioners in Western Australia (WA) have worked in partnership to design and evaluate evidence-informed programmes. This paper describes formative research to develop 'Make the Right Call' (MTRC), an adult water safety programme in WA. A staged, mixed-methods, formative evaluation was undertaken to inform the design of MTRC. The approach involved cluster analysis of coronial data 2008-2018 (n = 93), interviews with adults aged 45-64 years (n = 10) and 65 years and older (n = 15), theory mapping, survey design, content and face validity testing of a baseline questionnaire with content experts (n = 11) and a refined instrument to collect knowledge, and data on norms and water-based activity. The subsequent MTRC programme comprised a media campaign, community swimming and safety classes, lifejacket trade-in, subsidised first-aid training and community education. The results of each stage informed the design and evaluation of a new evidence-informed and theory-driven drowning prevention programme for adults aged 45 years and older, delivered by the peak drowning prevention agency in WA, Royal Life Saving Western Australia. An investment in mixed-methods research by the partnership added rigour and credibility to the programme and evaluation design. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first adult water safety programme to apply a theory-driven, evidence-informed approach to its development, implementation and evaluation. The partnership was vital in maximising and accelerating the acceptable transfer of results to enhance knowledge creation and, ultimately, the design of the MTRC drowning prevention programme.

Shared decision-making in long-term care: A systematic review of assessment instruments

This systematic review explored the instruments used to measure Shared Decision Making (SDM) within long-term care (LTC) settings. Relevant publications from the period between January 2000 and October 2022 were searched across five databases. Thirty-six SDM assessment instruments were identified, which encompassed those measuring SDM for LTC recipients/family caregivers and/or healthcare providers. These instruments were either specifically tailored for LTC settings or more broadly applicable across healthcare contexts, including LTC. In terms of psychometric properties of the instruments, internal consistency reliability, content validity, structural validity, and hypothesis testing were commonly tested. The findings of this research can aid health researchers, managers, and scholars in choosing suitable instruments for assessing SDM in specific LTC scenarios, considering factors such as measurement scope, assessment methods, and instrument reliability. Additionally, these findings offer valuable insights for the future development of high-quality SDM assessment instruments in LTC field.

Analysis of Chemistry Interest Level in Merdeka Curriculum Implementation at SMA Negeri 8 Pontianak

Elective subject is the flagship program of Merdeka Curriculum..The elective subject program is based on students’ interest, talents, and aspirations. Therefore, students’ interest level in chemistry, as one of the options for elective subject program is a necessary to determined. This study aims to determine the level of student interest in choosing chemistry as an elective subject, so that teachers could find the best alternatives to increase students’ interest. The research was conducted with quantitative analysis methods and descriptive statistical approaches, using 139 students of grade 11th who have chosen chemistry as the elective subject. The level of students’ interest in chemistry is measured by students’ interest questionnaire. The questionnaire was adopted and developed by aspects of students’ interest: teachers’ role, students’ perception, students’ intrinsic motivation in learning, and meaningful learning of lesson. Content validation test using Aiken formula showed the questionnaire validity is very high, as value 1. Based on the analysis, the result stated that the level of students’ interest was included as high category with 76,11%. All aspects are categorized as high, aspects of the teacher's role in learning with 77.44%, students’ perceptions with 73.63%, students’ intrinsic motivation 78.99% and the meaningfulness of learning lesson with 74.37%.

Development, Content Validity and Usability of a Self-Assessment Instrument for the Lifestyle of Breast Cancer Survivors in Brazil.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women globally, and it negatively impacts diet and quality of life, increasing the risk of recurrence. Adhering to World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) lifestyle guidelines, such as healthy eating habits and nutritional status, can help in primary and secondary cancer prevention. However, no questionnaire was found for self-assessment of these guidelines for the Brazilian population. The aim of this study is to carry out content validity, pilot, and usability testing of the self-administered digital instrument "PrevCancer" assessing adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations in Brazilian female breast cancer survivors. We conducted a psychometric study that involved the development of an instrument based on WCRF/AICR recommendations. Assessment of content validity involved the Content Validity Index (CVI) based on expert assessments (n = 7). The pilot study involved the System Usability Scale (SUS) after applying the developed instrument (n = 65) and anthropometric assessment for convergent validity by female participants (n = 55). The final usability test consisted of evaluating the satisfaction with the instrument of women with breast cancer (n = 14). The "PrevCancer" instrument demonstrated good content (CVI = 1.0) as well as good usability and acceptability in the pilot study (mean SUS score = 88.1). The convergent validity stage demonstrated positive associations between the PrevCancer parameters and anthropometric parameters (p < 0.001). In the final usability study (mean SUS score = 90.3), participants' receptivity to the instrument was excellent. The PrevCancer instrument had valid content and great usability by the target population, proving to be a useful tool for future cancer research.

Development and Validation of Spiritual Well-Being Scale in India: A Yogic Niyama Perspective.

This study developed and validated the niyama-based spiritual well-being scale (NSWBS) using a mixed-method approach. Niyama is one of the eight limbs of ancient Indian Ashtanga yoga philosophy. There are five niyamas: soucha (internal and external cleanliness and hygiene), santosha (happiness and contentment), tapas (austerity and discipline), swadhyaya (self-study, observation and self-introspection) and ishvara-pranidhana (believe and surrender to the God and cosmic power). Both deductive (using existing spiritual well-being scales) and inductive (focus group discussions) approaches were used to generate items. These statements were first subjected to content validity testing and pre-testing, which resulted in seventeen statements. The psychometric properties of generated items were analyzed with the help of three independent studies that utilized various statistical tests like exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Cronbach's alpha, McDonald Omega, Average variance explained, and Fornell and Larcker criterion. The first study examined the factorial structure of the proposed scale. EFA yielded five factors: Internal and external health and purity, Self-discipline and rigour, Self-introspection and observation, Contentment and gratitude, and Belief in God and higher cosmic power. They explained 62.35% of the total variance. The CFA validated the five factorial structure of the scale. The second study established the proposed scale's internal consistency reliability, convergent, divergent, and predictive validities. Lastly, the third study evaluated and concluded the test-retest reliability of the scale. Overall, the niyama-based spiritual well-being scale depicted appreciable psychometric properties.

Development and Initial Validation of a Scale to Measure Social Abuse in Intimate Partner Relationships.

Social abuse represents a distinct form of intimate partner violence characterized by intentional violations of a victim's social rights and inherent need to belong. This is achieved by tactics such as severing, interfering with, and surveilling the victim's social connections as well as limiting their social participation. Such abuse often results in victims experiencing social isolation, potentially causing adverse mental health outcomes and failure to seek help. This study aimed to develop and validate the Social Abuse Scale (SAS) to measure social abuse in intimate partner relationships. After generating the preliminary items, content validity testing was performed. Ten international experts reviewed the items and assessed their relevance. Additionally, 17 interview participants assessed the items for clarity and ease of response. Thereafter, the SAS was administered to 251 individuals, either currently in or who had an intimate relationship in the previous year. The final SAS comprised 30 items unified under a single-factor structure, which accounted for approximately 69.77% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the model's satisfactory fit. The instrument showed excellent internal consistency, as evidenced by Cronbach's alpha and a McDonald's omega value of .986. The SAS can be employed to investigate the prevalence of social abuse, its underlying mechanisms, and its impacts, and it can also assist in further development and evaluation of programs aimed at its prevention.

Validity and reliability of the Endotracheal Suction Assessment Tool© in adult ICU patients: A methodological study

BackgroundNovice nurses often find endotracheal suctioning signs unfamiliar. The Endotracheal Suction Assessment Tool© (ESAT©) aids pediatric nurses in suctioning but lacks an adult equivalent. A valid and reliable ESAT© for assessing intensive care unit patients’ suction needs across different populations is necessary. AimTo test the validity and reliability of the ESAT© in adult ICU patients. MethodsThis methodological study assessed suction needs in patients at a tertiary adult ICU of a university hospital. Two independent observers used the ESAT© to determine suction needs. Data from 106 suction procedures were collected using a patient characteristics form, the ESAT©, and a suction monitoring form. The ESAT© includes eight respiratory and ventilation parameters and seven clinical consideration parameters. Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were measured before, and one and five minutes after suction. Linguistic validity, content validity, and pilot testing were conducted. Interobserver agreement was evaluated, and psychometric evaluation was done using content validity index (CVI) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data were analyzed with paired samples t-test and ANOVA. ResultsItem CVI ranged from 0.80 to 1.00, and scale CVI was 0.96. Inter-item correlation and ICC for inter-rater reliability were both 0.933 (95 % CI = 0.903–0.954, p < 0.001 for ICC). Cohen’s Kappa coefficients ranged from 0.690 to 1.000 (p < 0.001), indicating high consistency between raters for all tool items. All scale items showed near-perfect agreement except SpO2, which showed substantial agreement. ConclusionThe S-CVI was good, indicating near-perfect agreement among raters. ESAT© is highly reliable and valid for determining suction needs in adult intensive care patients. Implications for PracticeThe ESAT© aids autonomous decision-making for suctioning needs. Originally for novice pediatric nurses, the ESAT© was adapted for adult intensive care nurses. The ESAT© is valid and reliable for adult intensive care patients.

Development of a breastfeeding support scale in the workplace and psychometric properties of Turkish version: a validity and reliability

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to develop a workplace breastfeeding support scale for working mothers and examine their psychometric properties. This methodological research was conducted between February and April 2022. This study included 325 mothers who continued breastfeeding while working. The tool development stages included item generation, expert review for content validity testing, and psychometric testing. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews between February and April 2022. In data analysis, for explanatory factor analysis, the direct oblimin technique and scree plot test were performed. Structural equation modeling was performed for confirmatory factor analysis. Two sub-dimensions (manager support, environmental support) and a nine-item workplace breastfeeding support scale showed good validity and reliability. The Cronbach’s alpha value of the total scale and sub-dimensions of the scale were greater than 0.70. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit indices were acceptable (χ2 = 68.658, χ2/df = 2.64, CFI = 0.94, GFI = 0.96, AGFI = 0.92, and RMSEA = 0.07). The total variance explained by the scale was 54.32 percent. This newly developed 9-item and 2-dimensional version is a valid and reliable tool for measuring the working mothers’ perception of workplace breastfeeding support. This tool is recommended to be verified in other low, middle, and high-income countries.

Validity and reliability of chemical-based disinfectant use questionnaire in a sample of the Lebanese public community

IntroductionWorldwide, people heavily use chemical-based disinfectants to prevent the spread of COVID-19 with limited or no safety instructions. Awareness about the safe use of chemical-based disinfectants is highly recommended to...

DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUMENT BASED ON WORDWALL APPLICATION FOR RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS TOPIC

&lt;p&gt;This study aims to increase students' understanding of implementing civic education and learning about the rights and obligations of grade IV elementary schools. This research is a type of R&amp;amp;D (Research and Development) development research using the 4D method; the subject of this study is the development of an evaluation instrument on the topic of rights and obligations for grade IV elementary school, which contains a grid of assessment instruments assisted by the Wordwall application with 20 questions in the form of 5 (five) double choice questions, short fills of 5 (five) items, 5 (five) points essay and match 5 (five) items. Three expert validators have tested this instrument of evaluation of rights and obligations to measure validity and reliability. From the results of the content validity test analysis, a value of 76 was obtained from the linguist validator, 96 from the material expert validator, and 88 from the media expert validator. After adding up the results of the three validators, they got a final score of 86.67, which is very high. The development of an evaluation instrument on rights and obligations for grade IV elementary school was declared very high and suitable for use.&lt;/p&gt;

Cross cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Indonesian version of the depression anxiety stress scales for youth (IDASS-Y)

Depression and anxiety represent significant global health concerns, with a particularly high prevalence observed in economically disadvantaged developing countries. The availability of reliable and culturally relevant assessment instruments is crucial for the effective diagnosis and intervention of mental health issues, particularly among adolescents. The objective of this study was to adapt the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales for Youth (DASS-Y) into an Indonesian version (IDASS-Y) and to evaluate its psychometric properties among Indonesian adolescents. A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in West Sumatra Province and Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. The study entailed a cross-cultural adaptation of the DASS-Y into the IDASS-Y through a five-step process and a psychometric evaluation. The study sample consisted of 255 adolescents between the ages of 16 and 18, recruited from two public senior high schools. The psychometric assessment comprised content validity testing, construct validity testing through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and reliability testing. The IDASS-Y has demonstrated robust psychometric properties. The content validity was found to be high, with an overall S-CVI/Ave of 0.95. The EFA demonstrated a consistent three-factor structure corresponding to depression, anxiety, and stress, with no alterations to the item dimensions. The CFA results yielded a good model fit, as indicated by the following values: χ2/df ratio = 2.553; RMSEA = 0.022; CFI = 1.000; SRMR = 0.083. The internal consistency of the scale was satisfactory, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.897 for depression, 0.893 for anxiety, and 0.884 for stress, and an overall alpha of 0.948. Additionally, McDonald's omega coefficients were notably high, at 0.897 for depression, 0.894 for anxiety, and 0.874 for stress, with an overall omega of 0.949. The Indonesian version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales for Youth (IDASS-Y) is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing depression, anxiety, and stress among Indonesian adolescents. It retains the original conceptual framework of the DASS-Y and demonstrates strong psychometric properties, making it suitable for both research and clinical use.

Development of an Assessment Tool to Measure the Quality of Life Goal Setting for Cancer Survivors: A Content Validity Study.

An initial version of the Reengagement Life Goal Assessment Tool for Cancer Survivors (ReGAT-C) was designed to measure the quality of life goal-setting practice conducted by responsible healthcare professionals along with nonterminal cancer survivors undergoing inpatient cancer treatment. This study aimed to test content validity of the ReGAT-C and revise it. Eleven experts and nine healthcare professionals participated in this study. Content validity assessments using questionnaires and focus group interviews were conducted with experts. Cognitive interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals. The content validity index was calculated based on expert questionnaires, and these interview data were analyzed by inductive and deductive approaches. When the ReGAT-C was substantially revised, it was retested through questionnaires. The initial version of the ReGAT-C was substantially revised and three new items were added, resulting in the development of a revised version of the ReGAT-C with 21 items. All participants re-evaluated the ReGAT-C, and the revised version was verified to have content validity. The revised ReGAT-C would contribute to enabling healthcare professionals to assess whether they are based on collaboration with cancer survivors and multidisciplinary teams by reflecting on their own life goal-setting practice.

Evaluating depression in Indonesian adolescents with epilepsy: Comprehensive validation and reliability assessment of the neurological disorders depression inventory-epilepsy for youth Indonesian version (NDDI-E-Y[ID]).

Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder in pediatrics. Depression is an often underdetected comorbidity in childhood epilepsy. This study aimed to adapt the Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory-Epilepsy for Youth (NDDI-E-Y) to the Indonesian language and population, as well as to validate the Indonesian version of NDDI-E-Y (NDDI-E-Y[ID]). This three-stage study comprised instrument translation, cultural verification, and content validity testing (first stage), pilot testing (second stage), followed by concurrent validity and reliability testing (third stage) of the NDDI-E-Y(ID). Validation was done against the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale - Revised (CESD-R). Content validity, assessed by six experts, was quantified using the content validity index for items (I-CVI) and scale (S-CVI). Participants were adolescents aged 12-17 years diagnosed with any type of epilepsy who completed both instruments. Concurrent validity was evaluated using Spearman's correlation and reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha. The first stage produced a culturally appropriate NDDI-E-Y(ID). Thirty healthy adolescents and 10 adolescents with epilepsy participated in the second stage. In the third stage, another group of 30 adolescents with epilepsy took part. We obtained I-CVI and S-CVI values averaging 1. The NDDI-E-Y(ID) showed a positive and significant correlation with CESD-R (Spearman's rho = 0.671, p < 0.001). A Cronbach's alpha of 0.928 reflected a high internal consistency. Based on the results, the NDDI-E-Y(ID) was found to be a valid and reliable screening instrument for detecting depression in youth with epilepsy. Depression is an under-recognized problem in youth with epilepsy. Currently available depression screening tools are in English, making it less suitable for detection purposes in Indonesia. This study developed and validated the Indonesian version of the NDDI-E-Y, a depression screening tool for youth with epilepsy.

Household Participation in Community-Based Tourism Management in Don Det Village, Khong District, Champasak Province, Lao PDR

The objectives of this study were to investigate the following: 1) household participation; 2) factors relating to household participation; and 3) recommend guidelines for household participation promotion in community-based tourism management in Don Det village, Khong District, Champasak province, Lao PDR. Households were unit of analysis in this study and respondents in this study consisted of 104 households in Don Det village. A set of questionnaires passing content validity and reliability test was used for data collection. The reliability values of the questionnaire on attitude of the head of household was 0.78 and on household participation in community-based tourism management was 0.92. Findings showed that household participation in community-based tourism management of Ban Don Det community, most of the respondents participated at a moderate level (mean = 3.00). The three aspects were also found at a moderate level: (1) participation in management community tourism activities (mean = 2.66); (2) participation in the process preparing communities to support tourism (mean = 2.67); (3) participation in evaluation from the tourism community activities (mean = 3.05). However, participation in benefiting from the tourism community activities was found at a high level (mean = 3.71). Significant factors that could predict the relationships towards household participation in community-based tourism management were two independent variables: the number of household members involved in tourism and the attitude of the head of household were correlated with the household participation in the management of community-based tourism at a moderate level (R = 0.449, P &lt;0.05). This could explain the relationships between independent variables as mentioned and household participation in community-based tourism management with a statistical significance level of 20.20 percent. The following were suggestions in the policy level: 1) There should have meetings in the village so that some people who are not involved in tourism get to know the tourism, importance of tourism and benefits of tourism; 2) Provincial Information, Culture and Tourism Office of Champasak Province should support and promote tourism marketing for Don Det village. And other suggestions were as follows: 1) There should be a mutually agreement upon sharing benefits to each individual household within the community as appropriately; 2) it should promote more people to be involved in community tourism; and 3) the training should be provided to educate people in the community about tourism management and should raise awareness about conservation of tourism resources in the community.