Tessaria Integrifolia Research Articles

Hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz and Pav. on diclofenac-induced toxicity in rats.

Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz and Pav. (also known as "Pájaro bobo") is known for its medicinal properties, including antiulcer, antiasthmatic, leishmanicidal, antipyretic, antispasmodic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and hepatoprotective effects. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate its hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects using a rat model of diclofenac-induced toxicity. We administered three different doses of the methanolic extract of T. integrifolia (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day orally) and compared them with the commercial medicine silymarin (100 mg/kg orally). The rats received the T. integrifolia extracts for 5 days, and on days 3 and 4, 1 h after receiving the extracts, diclofenac was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The animals were euthanized 48 h after the last diclofenac injection, and blood samples were obtained to measure biochemical parameters related to liver and kidney function, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, and urea. Kidney and liver tissues were preserved in 10% formaldehyde and sent for histopathological analysis. The results show that T. integrifolia has hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects. These effects are verified by the lower blood levels of ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine compared to the diclofenac group, which exhibited elevated biochemical parameters. In addition, histopathological analysis showed that the groups that received T. integrifolia did not display necrosis or infiltration, which were observed in the diclofenac group. The methanolic extract of T. integrifolia has hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects, with the highest protective activity observed at a dose of 400 mg/kg/day.

Mieles del Chaco Húmedo: origen botánico y geográfico de la provincia de Formosa (Argentina)

The Humid Chaco Ecoregion of Formosa Province is characterized by a variety of native plant species with long flowering periods, some of which are used by bees for honey production. The objective of this work is to characterize the honeys by botanical and geographical origin through the palynological analysis of samples collected in 14 apiaries. Ninety six honey samples were obtained during three beekeeping periods from 2009 to 2012. The conventional methodology was used, taking into account the acetolysis technique. The pollen spectrum of the honeys allowed us to recognize 126 pollen types, belonging to 57 families of Angiosperms and comprising 65% of the floristic survey. Monofloral honeys were obtained in spring with dominant pollen of Eugenia uniflora (dominant pollen range: 45% - 85%), Neltuma sp. (45% - 61%), Geoffroea decorticans (52%) and Sarcomphalus mistol (47%). At the end of spring and beginning of summer, monofloral honeys were identified with the dominant pollen of Copernicia alba (50% - 98%), while at the end of summer with the pollen of Schinopsis balansae (45% - 68%) and Tessaria integrifolia (52%). The botanical families most represented in the honeys were: Anacardiaceae, Arecaceae, Myrtaceae, and Rhamnaceae. The pollen spectrum of Formosa honeys showed the diversity and floristic richness that characterizes the vegetation of the native forest and wetland areas.

Metallothionein production is a common tolerance mechanism in four species growing in polluted Cu mining areas in Peru

Cu pollution is a problem in mining areas in Peru. Here we evaluate the phytoextraction capacity, physiological and proteomic responses of four species growing in copper-contaminated areas in Arequipa, Peru. The plants used in the experiments were obtained by collecting seedlings (Tessaria integrifolia, Bacharis salicifolia), rhizomes (Eleocharis montevidensis) and seeds (Chenopodium murale) along a polluted river. They were exposed to solutions containing 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 mg Cu L-1 during 20 days. Growth was affected in a concentration-dependent way. According to the tolerance index, B. salicifolia and C. murale were the most sensitive species, but with greater Cu phytoextraction capacity and accumulation in the biomass. The content and ratio of photosynthetic pigments changed differently for each specie and carotenoids level were less affected than chlorophyll. Cu also induced changes in the protein and sugar contents. Antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase and superoxide dismutase) increased with a decrease in the malondialdehyde. There were marked changes in the protein 2D-PAGE profiles with an increase in the abundance of metallothioneins (MT) of class II type I and II. Our results suggest that these species can grow in Cu polluted areas because they developed multiple tolerance mechanisms, such as and MTs production seems a important one.

Actividad inmunomoduladora del extracto de hojas de Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav. “pájaro bobo” sobre linfocitos de Cavia porcellus

Actividad inmunomoduladora del extracto de hojas de Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav. “pájaro bobo” sobre linfocitos de Cavia porcellus Carmen R. Silva Correa, Anabel D. González Siccha, Segundo G. Ruiz Reyes, César D. Gamarra Sánchez Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Av. Juan Pablo II s/n, Trujillo, Perú Recibido 14 de junio del 2019, Revisado el 4 de julio de 2019 Aceptado el 10 de julio de 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2019.0003/ Resumen Determinar la actividad inmunomoduladora del extracto etanólico de Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav sobre la respuesta linfocitaria de Cavia porcellus. Material y Método: Hojas de Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav. recolectadas en la ribera del río Chamán, provincia de Chepén, departamento de La Libertad. Animal de experimentación: Cavia porcellus machos de 5 meses de edad con un peso promedio de 350 - 400 g, que fueron acondicionados en el bioterio de la Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica en ambientes controlados de luz y temperatura, con agua y comida ad libitum. La planta medicinal se clasificó en el Herbarium Truxillense de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo con el Código N° 54937 – HUT. El extracto etanólico de hojas de Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav. presenta metabolitos secundarios como: compuestos fenólicos, taninos y flavonoides; esto se debe a que los compuestos fenólicos por lo general están unidos a restos de azúcares, lo cual lo hace soluble en solventes polares, tales como agua, metanol y etanol. También se identificó terpenos, esteroles, cumarinas y lactonas. El porcentaje promedio de linfocitos en los cultivos corresponde: para el grupo control de 25 %, siendo éste menor en comparación con los valores promedio encontrados en los grupos tratados con el extracto etanólico de hojas de Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav, demostrando que produce un aumento estadísticamente significativo de linfocitos en relación a la dosis creciente del extracto (p<0.05), este efecto se le atribuye a los metabolitos secundarios presentes en la planta entre ellos los flavonoides. Por lo tanto, se concluye que el extracto etanólico de Tessaria integrifolia R. et P. produce un aumento de la respuesta linfocitaria en Cavia porcellus. Descriptores: Inmunomodulador, Tessaria integrifolia, linfocitos, flavonoides, respuesta linfocitaria. Abstract To determine the immunomodulatory activity of the ethanolic extract of Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav on the lymphocyte response of Cavia porcellus. Material and Method: Leaves of Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav. collected on the banks of the river Chamán, province of Chepén, department of La Libertad. Experimental animal: Cavia porcellus males of 5 months of age with an average weight of 350 - 400 g, which were conditioned in the bioterium of the Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry in controlled environments of light and temperature, with water and food ad libitum. The medicinal plant was classified in the Herbarium Truxillense of the National University of Trujillo with the Code N ° 54937 - HUT. The ethanolic leaf extract of Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav. presents secondary metabolites such as: phenolic compounds, tannins and flavonoids; This is because the phenolic compounds are usually bound to sugar residues, which makes it soluble in polar solvents, such as water, methanol and ethanol. Terpenes, sterols, coumarins and lactones were also identified. The average percentage of lymphocytes in the crops corresponds to: for the control group of 25%, this being lower in comparison with the average values ​​found in the groups treated with the ethanolic extract of leaves of Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav, demonstrating that it produces an increase statistically significant of lymphocytes in relation to the increasing dose of the extract (p <0.05), this effect is attributed to the secondary metabolites present in the plant, among them the flavonoids. Therefore, it is concluded that the ethanolic extract of Tessaria integrifolia R. et P. produces an increase in the lymphocyte response in Cavia porcellus. Keywords: Immunomodulator, Tessaria integrifolia, lymphocytes, flavonoids, lymphocyte response.

Changes in forest diversity over a chronosequence of fluvial islands

The high environmental heterogeneity of large fluvial systems is reflected by the co-existence of contrasting plant communities and landforms. The main objective of this study was to assess the forest diversity changes in islands of the Middle Paraná River (Argentina) in order to discuss an integrative question: how synchronized are the major changes in the features of islands and forests? Persistence age, elevation and flood regime of 11 main channel islands were determined. Variables related to the vascular plant community and the tree stand structure of forests were also measured in 400 m2 plots. Islands were classified as young or old (YIs or OIs), according to their persistence age, which ranged from two to 108 years. Both island classes differed in their elevation but not in the proportion of low water phase. Only three out of nine tree species were dominant: Tessaria integrifolia and Croton urucurana (restricted to YIs and OIs, respectively), and Salix humboldtiana (distributed in both island classes). Alpha diversity was positively correlated with the age of the YIs and reach the highest value in the oldest island forest. Beta diversity was mainly due to processes of species replacement which differentiate floodplain forests. Gamma diversity reached 101 species, being the perennial herbs a clear majority. The stand structure and the complete floristic composition were significantly different between YIs and OIs, with three and seven indicator species of each island class, respectively. Considering integrative models of succession, our findings suggest that the biogeomorphic phase, recognised by the fluvial biogeomorphic model, prevailed in the whole range of island persistence ages. Therefore, it seems that the increase in forest diversity in a large river is restricted to spatial refugia defined by major hydrogeomorphic shifts.

Riparian and adjacent forests differ both in the humid mountainous ecoregion and the semiarid lowland

Few studies have quantified changes in riparian and adjacent forest across landscape units. In this study, the composition and structure of riparian and adjacent forest were compared in a humid and a semiarid ecoregion in northwestern Argentina: the Yungas forest and the Western Chaco. We expected that differences between riparian and adjacent zones could be less marked in humid than in semiarid regions. Ten sites were surveyed with a block design. An Importance Value Index, Rank-Abundance curves, and Analysis of Similarity and multivariate analyzes (NMDS) were performed to evaluate differences between forests. Stream and floodplain widths, lateral, and longitudinal slopes of streamside were analyzed by a principal components analysis (PCA). NMDS and PCA axes were correlated to analyze the relations among physical and biological arrangements. Results revealed that riparian forest may be very different from the adjacent in both ecoregions. Marked differences in geomorphological and physical features of streamsides were found between ecoregions and they were strongly associated with assemblage distribution. In Yungas forest, dominant species were different at all sites, according to the altitudinal stratification of this region. Within Western Chaco the species Salix humboldtiana Willd. and Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz and Pav., were commonly dominant in riparian sectors. The dominance of these species in both sectors by the widest rivers could indicate that the dimensions of the riparian zone in those sites are greater than those by the smaller streams. Our study reinforced the concept of riparian zones as dynamic ecosystems and we propose considering a landscape perspective in managerial decision making.

Identificación y determinación estructural de un sesquiterpeno de las hojas de Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav. y evaluación de su actividad Leishmanicida

To identify and determine the phytoconstituent structure of Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav. leaves with leishmanicidal activity. Fluid extract of leaves was prepared, concentrated to soft extract, and used to evaluate leishmanicidal activity in Mesocricetus auratus with experimental leishmaniasis, at the dose of 250 mg/kg of soft extract by intramuscular route for 15 days. Extract was fractionated in 45 cm column chromatography with a 2.5 cm diameter, containing G-60 silica gel, and 70-230 mesh (Sigma-Aldrich®). Nine fractions were obtained and assessed on macrophages infected with Leishmania sp to determine the active fraction and isolate the active compound, by separation, purification, and crystallization, analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of 1H, 13C, and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy (LC/ MS). Fluid extract from the leaves of T. integrifolia presents leishmanicidal activity in M. auratus. Fraction F8 is active on infected macrophages at a dose of 14 μg/mL. An eudesman type sesquiterpene ((4aS, 5R, 6R, 8aR) -6-hydroxy-5, 8a-dimethyl-3- (1-methylethylidene) octahydronaphthalen-2 (1H) -one) was identified, by RMN 1 H, 13C, and LC / MS analysis. Fluid extract of leaves of Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav. presents leishmanicidal activity on Mesocricetus auratus with experimental leishmaniasis. Fraction F8 presents leishmanicidal activity on infected macrophages at a dose of 14 μg/mL. An eudesman type sesquiterpene was identified, according to 1 H, 13C, and LC / MS NMR analysis.

Botanical and geographical origin of honey from the dry and humid Chaco ecoregions (Argentina)

To characterise the botanical and geographical origin of honey from the Chaco region (Argentina), 189 samples of honey were examined for pollen content using standard methodology. A general feature was the high representation of pollen from native arboreal plants, mainly of Fabaceae and the scarcity of pollen from herbaceous plants. One hundred and twenty-three samples proved to be unifloral. The most common were from: Prosopis alba, Helianthus annuus, Sarcomphalus mistol, Eugenia uniflora and Schinopsis balansae followed by those of Copernicia alba, Trithrinax schizophylla, Tessaria integrifolia, Baccharis-Eupatorium, Cynophalla retusa, Schinopsis lorentzii, Gleditsia amorphoides, Heimia salicifolia, Pisonia zapallo, Sagittaria montevidensis and Bulnesia sarmientoi. The pollen spectrum allowed the Dry and Humid Chaco ecoregions to be distinguished. The presence of pollen from cultivated crops and naturalised plants reflects a transitional complex between both ecoregions.

Ecology and Behavior of Alder Flycatchers (Empidonax alnorum) On Their Wintering Grounds In Argentina

ABSTRACT The Alder (Empidonax alnorum) and Willow (E. trailli) flycatchers are cryptic species, and their distribution outside the breeding season is poorly known, owing mostly to identification difficulties. Our new records suggest that large numbers of Alder Flycatchers overwinter in rivers crossing the Chaco region and in the foothill forests of the Yungas of Argentina, significantly increasing their southern wintering range. Records in northern Argentina span 3 November to 23 March. Key habitat for overwintering Alder Flycatchers in Argentina included stands of palo bobo (Tessaria integrifolia) along the Rio Bermejo and tributaries, either in association with sparse shrubs of chilca (Baccharis salicifolia) or more rarely with canebrake (Gynerium sagittatum). Other habitats used were old shrubby ‘madrejones' with Tessaria scrub and sacha cafe (Sesbania virgata), very dense Baccharis salicifolia scrub next to flowing creeks in foothill Yungas and dry Chaco, and riparian forests dominated by palo flojo (...

Caracterización y fenología de especies de interés apícola en el departamento Diamante (Entre Ríos, Argentina)

Con el objeto de evaluar los recursos apícolas de la región suroeste de la provincia de Entre Ríos en cuanto a riqueza y abundancia, disponibilidad temporal y espacial de los mismos, se relevó lavegetación en el área de influencia de 3 apiarios. Contar con esta información permitirá favorecer la planificación de la actividad apícola y comparar con los recursos explotados por Apis mellifera. Durantelas temporadas apícolas 1999-2001 se registró la floración de 299 Angiospermae y determinó la cobertura en diferentes ambientes. Las familias apícolas con mayor diversidad de especies fueron Asteraceae y Fabaceae. El periodo de floración se extendió durante todo el año, con un máximo entre mediados de octubre a fin de febrero. Las familias botánicas, más relevantes en la oferta de floración fueron Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Apiaceae y Brassicaceae. Las especies arbóreas hacen su aporte principalmente al principio de la temporada, siendo ampliamente superadas desde septiembre en adelante por las herbáceas. El recurso apícola en el sector de tierra firme, se halla representado principalmente por hierbas exóticas (e.g. Glycine max, Melilotus albus, Medicago sativa, Lotus corniculatus, Brassica campestris, especies de Ammi y Carduus) y en el sector costero y de islas por especies nativas acuáticas y palustres, tanto herbáceas (e.g. Sagittaria montevidensis, especies de Polygonum y Eichhornia) como arbóreas (e.g. Salix humboldtiana y Tessaria integrifolia). Las especies del humedal permiten extender el periodo apícola hacia principios de otoño.

Effects of fire on a forest-grassland ecotone in De La Plata River, Argentina

This study adds information on the dynamics of pioneer forest trees in the face of frequent fire. In particular, effects of fire on the regeneration dynamics and ecological attributes of a Tessaria integrifolia forest and a Cortaderia selloana grassland, located in the Costanera Sur Ecological Reserve, Buenos Aires, are analyzed. Based on the study of ten transects along a forest–grassland gradient, a considerable incidence of fire and resilient response to it were observed on grasslands. On the other hand, the forest proved resistant to fire, not showing evidence of its action. Despite its invasive tendencies, C. selloana was unable to establish itself in the forest or in the forest–grassland ecotones. Conversely, following the action of fire, T. integrifolia could be found in areas previously dominated by grassland, leading to an expansion of the forest. Replacement of grasslands with a T. integrifolia forest indicates a reduction in the incidence of and surface area susceptible to fire, as well as an increase in biodiversity. The post-fire colonization observed for T. integrifolia has not been previously described for this widely distributed South American species.

Ecological responses of two pioneer species to a hydrological connectivity gradient in riparian forests of the lower Paraná River

The vegetation of the Parana River floodplain has physiognomic, structural and ecological characteristics that are distinct from those of the surrounding landscapes across the river (Forest, Chaco Savannahs, Pampean steppe). Few species are able to live in the alternately flooded and dry soil. The distribution of each species is strongly conditioned by the water regime in each area of the floodplain, and its location in the topographical gradient of the islands allows us to determine the possibility of colonising the bars and islands of the river course to determine their tolerance to hydrological variations and to foresee the changes that can take place as a result of disturbances in the hydrological regime. Here, we present the occurrence of willow (Salix humboldtiana Willd.) and South American alder (Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz et Pav.) in bars and islands of different topographies in a section of the Parana River downstream from the confluence of the Paraguay and Parana rivers. The results indicate that both species have similar niches in relation to hydrological fluctuations. However, willow was significantly more frequent at of 48.49 m a.s.l., while palo bobo reached its highest frequency at 49.29 m a.s.l. The difference between the modes of the distribution curves of each species was 0.80 m. Canopy trees such as willow and palo bobo are adapted to flooded soil conditions for 77.8 and 40% of their respective lives and survive with a long-lasting inundation phase (306 and 366 days, respectively). However, many trees in the Parana River floodplain died when the flood period extended for more than 1 year.

Aporte de hojarasca en bosques del predelta del río Paraná (Argentina)

SUMMARY Litter production in four forests of the alluvial plain of the pre-Delta area in the Parana River (Argentina) was studied during the period 1998-2002. Monospecific forests dominated by Salix humboldtiana (SSh) and Tessaria integrifolia (STi) presenting similar production (6.8 ± 1.2 and 6.5 ± 1.3 Mg dry matter ha –1 yr –1 , respectively), and pluri-specific forests of Albizia inundata (MAi) and Nectandra angustifolia (MNa), presenting statistical differences in their average production. Plurispecific forests also showed significant differences between them in terms of production (3.3 ± 0.5 and 9.6 ± 1.1 Mg dry matter ha –1 yr –1 , respectively). The highest values of litter production were obtained during 1998 (year of the highest overflooding); afterwards, it started decreasing during the period studied. A seasonal pattern of litterfall was enhanced with the flood pulse (spring-summer, primarily from November to February), except in the Mai forest, where trees are deciduous (autumn leaf abscission). Regarding the composition of the litter, leaves are the most abundant fractions (reaching 69% of the total in SSh forest), while reproductive structures account for less than 3% of the litter produced in all studied forests.

Molecular Orbital Analysis of Antioxidative Activity of Phenolics from Tessaria integrifolia and Piper elongatum

Bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) for phenolic constituents from Tessaria integrifolia RUIZ. et Pavon and Piper elongatum VAHL. have been calculated using the semi-empirical molecular orbital (MO) method (PM3). A significant correlation between the BDE of the phenolics and their radical-scavenging effect was found. The BDEs evaluated by semi-empirical MOs can provide a convenient and useful clue for assessment of the antioxidative activity of phenolics.

Caracterización polínica de las mieles de la provincia de Formosa, Argentina

Palynological characterization of honeys from Formosa province, Argentina. The aim of this study is to register the diversity of plant species that are used by Apis mellifera L. in the production of honey. The results of melissopalynological analysis of twenty two samples, based on their study with light and scanning electron microscopy are presented. Sampling was performed in different areas of Formosa province, Argentina. The qualitative analysis showed that 96% of the species belog to the native flora and only 4% to exotic plants. A total of 49 pollen types belonging to 34 families were identified. In accordance with the quantitative analysis, 3 samples are of Prosopis alba, 2 of Tessaria integrifolia and 1 sample of Zizyphus mistol and Eugenia sp.

Study of the folivore diet of the black howler monkey (Alouatta caraya) by means of the microscopical analysis of the faeces

Study of the folivore diet of the black howler monkey (Alouatta caraya) by means of the microscopical analysis of the faeces. A study of the diet of the black howler monkey (Alouatta caraya) was conducted in the flooded forest of the Parana River, in the northeastern region of Argentina. Howler monkeys have arboreal habits, and leaves and fruits constitute the major bulk of the diet. The diet composition of A. caraya was studied by means of microscopical analysis comparing epidermical characters of remains of leaves from faeces, and those coming from trees and vines. The technique requires the previous anatomical study of the vegetation living in the studied area. Samples of fresh leaves and faeces were obtained during the autumn and spring of 1997. For fecal samples the identity, age and sex of individuals were considered. Results obtained allowed to define the qualitative composition of the diet, that includes Tessaria integrifolia, Croton urucurana, Cathormion polyanthum, Inga urugüensis, Cecropia pachystachya, Eugenia burkartiana, Iseia luxurians, Ipomoea rubens, Houssayanthus incanus and Cissus palmata. This methodology could be a useful tool to assess the reliability of records of feeding habits obtained by behavioural studies, and discover some rare items that are very difficult to detect by direct observation

Eudesmane derivatives from Tessaria integrifolia

Five eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids were isolated from the methanol extract of the aerial part of Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz. et Pavon (Compositae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis as well as chemical evidence.

Midwinter Breeding by Some Birds in the High Andes of Southern Peru

As far as can be gathered from the very scanty information available, most of the land birds of the high Andes of southern Peru breed during or immediately after the summer rains, between November and April. At this season food, both animal and vegetable, is more readily obtained than in the rest of the year which, away from the humid eastern slopes, is characterized by severe drought. I was therefore surprised recently to obtain proof of midwinter breeding by the three species of birds detailed below. Since little has been published concerning the nesting of these species, I include the details of nest placement. Rhodopis vesper. Oasis Hummingbird. On 5 July 1979 I found a nest containing two recently hatched young birds near Chiguata (Dept. Arequipa) at an elevation of 2,750 m, close to the uppermost limit of the vertical range of the species in this part of Peni. The nest was placed approximately one meter off the ground in the branches of a bush (Tessaria integrifolia) growing near a small stream. Johnson (The birds of Chile and adjacent regions of Argentina, Bolivia and Perui. Vol. 2. Platt, Buenos Aires. 1967) mentioned September to December as breeding dates for the species in northernmost Chile (Arica and Tarapaca), which coincides with my experience at Mollendo, on the Pacific Coast (Dept. Arequipa). I know of no previous record of midwinter breeding by this species in any part of its restricted range along the coast and west Andean slopes of Peni and northern Chile. Metallura phoebe. Black Metaltail. On the same date I also found a nest near the top of a steep, moss-covered bank near Chiguata at 2,720 m altitude. The nest was suspended from overhanging vegetation at the top of the bank, kept permanently damp by water filtering down from the agricultural terraces above. Although its contents could not be checked, the female was sitting on th nest when found, and her subsequent behavior, ext eme agitation and reludtance to leave the area, indicated that it might have contained eggs or