Terrorist Purposes Research Articles

Электронно-лучевой метод стерилизации почтовой корреспонденции

This work is a logical continuation of the previously published article «Disinfection of postal correspondence as a tool to counteract postal bioterrorism» and is devoted to the study of the electron beam method (ELM) sterilization of postal correspondence (PC). The possibility of using pathogenic biological agents (PBAs) for terrorist purposes using PCs poses the maximum danger among possible threats, since the consequences, if terrorists achieve their goals, will be catastrophic. The rapid development of biological sciences leads to an ever-expanding list of PBAs due to the discovery of pathogens of new infections, the creation of genetically modified and hybrid microorganisms. A special place is occupied by the problem of ensuring the biological safety (BB) of PC recipients, associated with the possibility of committing terrorist acts, including through infected mail. In this regard, it is relevant to search for methods of providing PC security that would reduce the risks of infection of technical personnel of communication offices to a minimum or eliminate them altogether. In order to prevent damage to the PBA of the technical personnel of the PC processing points and the final recipients by mail, their disinfection is justified. Keywords: postal bioterrorism, biological security, pathogenic biological agent, mail, mail processing point, electron beam method.

Converting for terrorist purposes: challenging the conceptual unidirectionality of the threat

ABSTRACT Terrorism is typically included among the grave societal challenges resulting from radicalisation of certain groups. The phrase ‘radical converts’ typically evokes an image of a convert to Islam, whereas an individual converting from Islam to other religions is not associated with a terrorist threat. When it comes to threat assessment, the conversion of Christianity to Islam is typically deemed a potential warning sign. On the contrary, the Islam-to-Christianity path is typically dismissed as a marker of extremist attitudes. This paper challenges the unidirectionality of this assumption and provides a reconceptualised framework for assessing the potential terrorist threat posed by converts. It does so by firstly exploring the problem of instrumental conversions and subsequently contextualising them through the 2021 Liverpool bombing case study. The findings based on a survey and interviews with key stakeholders confirm that instrumental conversions do not exclude engagement in political violence and that conversions to rather than from Christianity should also be taken into consideration when formulating policy responses.

Удосконалення диференційної діагностики гострих пероральних та інгаляційних отруєнь сполуками талію, патогістологія та стратегія лікування (на основі групових випадків)

Analysis of literature data and own research showed an increase in the number of criminal and accidental acute poisonings with Tl compounds (Tl+) in all countries, in particular in Ukraine, which, including, is due to the availability of Tl+ on the Internet. Most often, these are group cases, often with fatal consequences or subsequent disability of patients, which is due to delayed diagnosis and late appointment of antidote therapy. It must be taken into account that in the conditions of war in Ukraine, the potential risk of using Tl+ for terrorist purposes is increased. Aim. Based on the analysis of the daily dynamics of the development of clinical manifestations, chemical-toxicological, biochemical, electroneuromyographic indicators and pathohistological data, improve the differential diagnosis of the main clinical syndromes in patients with acute oral and inhalation Tl+ compounds poisoning. Materials and Methods. A scientific analysis of literature data was carried out using reference databases of scientific libraries and own research on the daily increase of clinical, especially neurological symptoms specific for Tl+ poisoning against the background of gastrointestinal disorders. Clinical, laboratory, electroneuromyographic, toxicoanalytical and pathogistological research methods were used. Results. The daily sequence of the occurence and development of the main specific symptoms of acute Tl+ poisoning with low and high doses has been determined, which makes it possible to suspect poisoning in the first days and conduct a toxicological examination in a timely manner and prescribe antidote and detoxification therapy: in the first 2 days, the victims, against the background of gastrointestinal pathology, develop painful paresthesias not so much in the limbs, but in the oral cavity in case of oral poisoning and along the course of the upper respiratory tract, along with burning pains behind the sternum and a hoarse voice - in case of inhalation poisoning; on the 3rd-4th day before the appearance of alopecia, permanent paresthesias of the hair part of the head appear with the simultaneous appearance of focal pigmentation of the skin and darkening of the hair roots; in the first days of intoxication, intense burning symmetrical pains and paresthesias appear not only in the extremities, especially in the area of the feet, calf muscles, muscles of the inner surface of the thighs, shoulder girdle, chest, but also especially the scrotum in men and mammary glands in women. A comparison of clinical-toxicological and pathohistological indicators proved multi-organ damage to the body in case of poisoning with high doses of Tl+. Conclusions. The high toxicity of Tl+ compounds, the growth of criminal incidents, the potential risk of their use as terrorist purposes in the conditions of the war in Ukraine, determine the need for special control over the circulation of Tl+, blocking sites on the Internet that advertise the sale of highly toxic chemicals. The problem of ensuring the availability of a specific Ferrocin antidote in the pharmacy network, as well as the creation of an antidote reserve to eliminate the consequences of emergency situations, requires attention. Keywords: Tl compounds, acute criminal poisoning, sequence of symptoms, pathogistology.

International legal regulation of the circulation of dual-use biotechnologies

The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the vulnerability of each country, regardless of the economic well-being and health system development, highlighting the need for further rethinking of the global security and human security concepts. The need to sustain the spread of infectious diseases, as well as the treatment of life-threatening diseases, determine the relevance of scientific research on all key aspects related to the development of technologies, both by states and non-state actors. In view of the efforts made over the past decades, significant advances have been made in the field of biotechnology, which allows to detect the vulnerability of viruses, as well as to influence the genes responsible for the development of diseases. Such trends not only contribute to ensuring the human right to health and the right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress, but also bring humanity closer to executing Sustainable Development Goals. The reverse side of the scientific research increase is the expansion of the availability of scientific data, as well as the simplification of the reproduction of various technological solutions, which leads to the risk of their use for military and terrorist purposes. The development of technologies, the use of which can not only counteract life-threatening diseases, but also create new threats to human security, has influenced the formation of the term “dual-use technologies” in the scientific literature and documents of international organizations. The article presents a systematic analysis of biotechnologies impact on the formation of “human security” concept, as well as the definition of “biological security” concept. The authors consistently consider international treaties, as well as documents of international intergovernmental organizations and non-governmental organizations in the field of regulating the circulation of technologies that pose a threat to state security. Special attention is paid to the consideration of the features of control over the spread of biological agents in the context of the activities of the European Union, as well as ensuring the implementation of the national security strategy of the Russian Federation.

Cyberterrorism: content, forms and promising countermeasures

The purpose of the study is to clarify the concept of cyber terrorism, its typical features and main forms, and to develop proposals for improving the system of countermeasures. The article highlights modern approaches to defining the content of cyber terrorism and its social and legal nature. This type of terrorism should be regarded as a socially dangerous politically motivated activity aimed at disrupting the critical information infrastructure of the State and thus creating a danger to human life and health or causing other serious consequences, provided that such actions were committed for terrorist purposes, or using cyberspace for other purposes of terrorist activities not directly related to terrorist acts.
 Typical features of cyber terrorism are described and a definition of its concept is proposed. The main forms of cyber terrorism are revealed: the commission of terrorist acts by organisations, groups and individuals using computers and computer networks or by influencing the information processed (circulated) in them, as well as the use of cyberspace for other purposes of terrorist activities not directly related to the commission of terrorist acts.
 The counteraction system may be based on the following: proper regulation of the concept of cyber terrorism in national legislation, criminalisation of acts of cyber terrorism and its components; enhancing the security and protection of critical information infrastructure; improving existing and applying new counteraction methods; improving cooperation in the field of combating cyber terrorism.

The Impact of the Electronic Media on Women's Rights within the Framework of the Public International Law

The era of digital technology and electronic media has become a major reason for the diversity and multiplicity of effects that have emerged in our societies and directly affected most of its social groups, especially women whether negatively or positively. Undoutedly, it is clear the positive effect that reflected the role of women and the reality of being an effective factor in society in all its political, social, cultural and even economic aspects, whether in peacetime or conflict. Women have become peacemakers and leaders in their societies.
 However, this technological revolution has left negative effect on women and their rights and the most serious one is the impudent images the media publishes which are not appropriate to their value or place in society. Thus, the electronic media plays a negative role in their exploitation, manipulation and in violating their rights through considering them as a commodity that is bought and sold on websites for sexual or terrorist purposes.
 Women are sometimes defamed or subject to privacy violation or being threatened or blackmailed and what we see today is a clear evidence of such threats against the brains and the activists in the field of the human rights. Therefore, for the importance of this topic and its risks, there has been a special focus on the role of the electronic media and its reflections on women's rights within the framework of the rules of the international law.

Actual Problems of Domestic Legal Regulation of the Collection, Storage and Transmission of Genomic Information in the Context of Modern Challenges

Relevance. The implementation of the international project "Human Genome" made it possible to decipher it, however, the volume of this information and possibilities of its application both for universal (pandemic control) and terrorist purposes (development of biological weapons, targeted at a particular nation), especially in conditions of political tension and competition for leadership, determine the need to forecast potential risks and develop an adequate legal regulation.The purpose of this study is to assess the current state of security of genomic information obtained in the framework of biomedical research, as well as within the framework of implementation of public policy in the sphere of public security. It is also necessary to study the experience of foreign countries in this field with a view to its further use in Russian legal practice.Objectives. Comprehensive study of legal regulation of the collection, storage, use and destruction of genomic information allowed to identify gaps in legal regulation. Finding ways to solve them is the objective of this study.Methodology. To achieve the set objective were applied methods of scientific knowledge: analysis, synthesis, system-analytical, formal-logical, system-legal methods by means of which the authors carried out an analytical review of domestic and foreign legislation, identified the specifics of legal relations under study and proposed solutions to the identified legal problems.Results of the study are formulated suggestions for changes in legal acts of domestic legislation relating to the collection, storage and control of access to genomic information, taking into account the studied foreign experience. Conclusion. The existing regulations on genomic information do not provide protection from processing and transfer to third parties. For this reason human genomic data should be designated as "sui generis", and legal regulation should be expanded, including formation of federal agencies responsible for regulation of ethical and legal aspects of genetic and genomic research.

ANALYSIS OF THE RADIOISOTOPES RECOGNITION POSSIBILITY BY MEANS OF THE ABSORBED DOSE MEASUREMENT WITH DOSIMETRIC DETECTORS OF DIFFERENT DENSITY

The work is devoted to the problem of identifying an unknown source of g-radiation as a task of emergency dosimetry in the case of the use for terrorist purposes of the radiation-dispersive devices, known also as dirty bomb. The possibility of identifying an unknown g-source is considered based on the energy dependence of the absorption of ionizing photon radiation, which in passive dosimetry manifests itself as dosimetric sensitivity. Radioisotope recognition is analyzed by the ratio of dosimetric sensitivities of heavy (with a high value of the effective atomic number Zeff) and light (with a low Zeff value) dosimetric detectors, for the values of g-radiation energies of those radioisotopes that can probably be used to create a dirty bomb. As a light dosimetric detector, BeO ceramics is considered, and as a heavy one, a dosimetric detector based on single crystalline yttrium-aluminum perovskite (YAlO3) or lutetium-aluminum perovskite (LuAlO3). The influence of the accuracy of the absorbed dose measurement on the reliability of radioisotope identification is discussed and approaches for its practical implementation are proposed.

Nuclear security in public events

Nuclear and radioactive materials provide a great benefit to humanity through the production of vast amounts of energy to meet critical development needs and mitigate the threat of climate change. These materials also have a vital role in primary life fields such as medicine, industry, agriculture, research, and education. They are used in safe environments and with firm and sufficient security conditions. However, there is a high probability of some breaches that include some radioactive materials getting out of control, which may lead to harmful consequences. For example, terrorist groups may obtain radioactive sources with high radioactivity to use them for terrorist purposes. These threats have led to a global trend towards increasing the control, inventory, and security of nuclear and radioactive materials to prevent their use for any illegal purpose causing harm to individuals or polluting the environment. Such a situation constitutes a huge complication of the safety scope, presenting security issues that must be addressed effectively. In an environment where terrorist groups could use nuclear materials to attack, organizing a large public event poses significant security challenges for security officials whose duty is to prevent the use of nuclear and other radioactive materials for criminal or terrorist purposes. These nuclear and other radioactive materials pose serious health, social, psychological, economic, and political threats.Consequently, this review paper aims to describe the procedures that lead to preventing hostilities related to nuclear and radioactive materials, detecting, and responding to such actions, and helping to prevent the loss of control over these materials by describing nuclear security systems and appropriate measures to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of comprehensive security for a large public event.

Countering extremist ideologies: What are the synergies between the EU’s internal and external action?

Countering the propaganda of terrorist groups has gradually become a central focus of efforts to prevent terrorism. The aim is ultimately to prevent the dissemination of violent ideas that are likely to encourage a process of radicalisation, which, in turn, is conducive to terrorist action. This objective has attracted more attention given changes in terrorist modus operandi, marked in particular by the use of modern online communication tools to incite/glorify terrorist acts, to provide training for terrorist purposes or to recruit candidates around the world. The EU and its Member States are working on several fronts to tackle the different facets of the ideological allure of extremist groups. This article discusses the fight against extremist ideologies as a new major focus of the EU’s terrorism prevention policy. The aim will be to shed the light on this evolving priority while identifying possible synergies between internal and external efforts to counter extremist propaganda.

Information communication networks as an object of intentional destructive electromagnetic influences

Deliberate destructive electromagnetic influences formed on the basis of existing technical means are an effective type of modern radio-electronic information and technical influences on information and communication networks. The radio-electronic material basis of information communication networks is potentially vulnerable to the influence of means of radio-electronic suppression. The need to ensure the high-quality functioning of modern information and communication networks under the conditions of intentional electromagnetic destructive effects requires correct and timely management decisions from the network management system to prevent undesirable consequences, which necessitates the creation of more advanced management methods. The purpose of the publication is to consider the vulnerabilities of modern information and communication networks from intentional destructive electromagnetic influences, which is understood as the deliberate creation of a powerful electromagnetic influence on electronic and electrical systems for criminal or terrorist purposes in order to disrupt their functioning. The effects manifested at different levels of information communication network functioning as a result of intentional destructive electromagnetic influences are considered. Based on the results of the research, the following conclusions can be drawn: intentional destructive electromagnetic influences are aimed at destroying information flows circulating between network elements; decrease in the speed of information exchange between elements of the control system, which significantly increases the duration of the control cycle and, as a result, reduces the efficiency of network management; ensuring sufficiently massive and long-term failure of network technical means; existing systems and methods of radio electronic suppression are focused on suppressing only individual channels of the network by disrupting the functioning of communication protocols at the physical and channel levels of the OSI model; in the future, there is a threat of transition to the use of individual elements of the radio segment of the information communication network as a kind of «entry points» for radio-electronic information and technical influences, which will disrupt the network processes of information transmission and spread their destabilizing influence on the entire network, including its wire segment. In the article presented to the readers, only some aspects of the researched topic are highlighted. Currently, the authors continue active research work in this subject area.

La amenaza proveniente de los combatientes yihadistas retornados a España. ¿Motivo de preocupación?

The fall of the caliphate proclaimed in June 2014 by Abu Bakr al Baghdadi from the Great Mosque of Mosul has brought with it the return to Europe of thousands of foreign terrorist fighters, many of them accompanied by women and children. And, in this sense, Spain has not been an exception. There is no doubt that, within the subjects who have returned to Spain and to other countries in Europe and the West, there is a significant number of them who do so considering their experience in the caliphate in terms of trauma and nightmare. However, there are also those who return for convenience, trying to hide from the police forces of their country horrendous crimes committed during their stay in conflict zones. With regard to Spain, the returned foreign fighters have so far only been sentenced for crimes of integration into a terrorist organization, or transfer to a foreign country for terrorist purposes. Contrary to other countries, in the case of Spain there has not yet been any conviction of a subject returned for serious crimes (murder, torture, injury, etc.) committed in Syrian or Iraqi territory. Therefore, the aim of this article is to expose how other countries of the European cultural environment have been able to collect the relevant evidence to prosecute and sentence their subjects displaced to conflict zones for committing serious crimes.

Uses of digital technology for terrorist purposes

Uses of digital technology for terrorist purposes

Ricin and Abrin as Possible Agents of Bioterror

Plant toxins – ricin and abrin, obtained in a purified form from the beans of the castor bean and Abrus precatorius respectively, are considered by Western experts as potential damaging agents of a biological nature. The purpose of this work is to consider the danger of using ricin and abrin as agents of biological terrorism, as well as to assess the existing approaches and means for identifying these toxins, treating the intoxication caused by them, as well as the level of development of vaccine preparations. Both toxins have a similar molecular structure and mechanism of action. They consist of two subunits – A and B, resistant to high temperatures and extreme pH values. The mechanism of their damaging action is based on irreversible inhibition of the process of protein synthesis. The LD 50 of ricin for humans, according to various sources, is 3 μg/kg for inhalation and intravenous intake, 22–25 μg/kg for enteral intake, and about 500 μg/kg for subcutaneous intake. Abrin is more toxic than ricin, with an LD 50 for humans ranging from 0.1 μg/kg to 1 μg/kg depending on the route of entry. In case of enteral poisoning with ricin and abrin, the victims develop symptoms of gastroenteritis within a few hours: nausea, vomiting and pain in the abdominal cavity and chest, diarrhea. Bleeding from various parts of the gastrointestinal tract may be present. In future, general intoxication symptoms (headache, weakness, fever) and symptoms of multiple organ damage (acute renal failure and acute liver failure) develop. In the terminal stage, symptoms of vascular shock and vascular collapse are expressed. Death usually occurs on the third day or later. Cases of the use of ricin and abrin for criminal and terrorist purposes are described in the article. The main approaches and modern means of indication, means of treating ricin and abrine intoxication, as well as the state of development of vaccine preparations are shown. The given data show that the danger of these toxins as damaging agents is underestimated in Russia. It is necessary to develop diagnostic test systems that allow early detection of intoxication with plant toxins in the affected and the toxins themselves on environmental objects, as well as specific means for the treatment and prevention of acute poisoning with ricin and abrin.

Ricin and Abrin as Possible Agents of Bioterror

Plant toxins – ricin and abrin, obtained in a purified form from the beans of the castor bean and Abrus precatorius respectively, are considered by Western experts as potential damaging agents of a biological nature. The purpose of this work is to consider the danger of using ricin and abrin as agents of biological terrorism, as well as to assess the existing approaches and means for identifying these toxins, treating the intoxication caused by them, as well as the level of development of vaccine preparations. Both toxins have a similar molecular structure and mechanism of action. They consist of two subunits – A and B, resistant to high temperatures and extreme pH values. The mechanism of their damaging action is based on irreversible inhibition of the process of protein synthesis. The LD50 of ricin for humans, according to various sources, is 3 µg/kg for inhalation and intravenous intake, 22–25 µg/kg for enteral intake, and about 500 µg/kg for subcutaneous intake. Abrin is more toxic than ricin, with an LD50 for humans ranging from 0.1 µg/kg to 1 µg/kg depending on the route of entry. In case of enteral poisoning with ricin and abrin, the victims develop symptoms of gastroenteritis within a few hours: nausea, vomiting and pain in the abdominal cavity and chest, diarrhea. Bleeding from various parts of the gastrointestinal tract may be present. In future, general intoxication symptoms (headache, weakness, fever) and symptoms of multiple organ damage (acute renal failure and acute liver failure) develop. In the terminal stage, symptoms of vascular shock and vascular collapse are expressed. Death usually occurs on the third day or later. Cases of the use of ricin and abrin for criminal and terrorist purposes are described in the article. The main approaches and modern means of indication, means of treating ricin and abrine intoxication, as well as the state of development of vaccine preparations are shown. The given data show that the danger of these toxins as damaging agents is underestimated in Russia. It is necessary to develop diagnostic test systems that allow early detection of intoxication with plant toxins in the affected and the toxins themselves on environmental objects, as well as specific means for the treatment and prevention of acute poisoning with ricin and abrin.

Approaches to Understanding and Normative Definition of the Category “Cybercrime” and Related Concepts in the Practice of Regional International Organizations

INTRODUCTION. Against the background of the unfolding epidemic of coronavirus, the trends in cybercrime that appeared in previous years have reached unprecedented magnitudes. The rapid transfer of many basic spheres of social functioning to a digital platform in an actual legal vacuum provided criminals with almost unlimited opportunities. In these circumstances, the task of improving and unifying the basic categories in the field of combating the «new form of crime» is of paramount interest not only from the point of view of theory, but also in order to create an effective international legal mechanism to counter this threat.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The material for the study were legal documents developed under the auspices of 14 regional international organizations, which represent one or another regional group, scientific works of foreign and domestic scientists. The methodological basis of the study was the general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition, traditional for legal work.RESEARCH RESULTS. The study revealed inconsistencies in terminology, the absence of a uniformly understood and applied normative definition of a «new form of crime» and related concepts that would meet the criterion of authenticity. Regional international organizations operate with such concepts as "cybercrime", "attacks against information systems", "crimes in the field of computer information", "crimes in the field of information technology", "information crime", "crimes related to computers and networks", "digital security risks", "the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for terrorist and criminal purposes". All this indicates the absence of common approaches to understanding the very essence and specific features of this criminal phenomenon.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The author draws attention to the fact that the term "cybercrime" is used in 7 out of 14 groups of international documents of a regional nature. Analysis of the work of domestic and foreign researchers confirms the validity of the use of the term "cybercrime", as most fully and accurately reflecting the unique properties of this type of crime, its technical component. Based on the correlation and comparative study of the terms "information crime", "computer crime", "cybercrime", the author formulates basic provisions that can be taken into account when trying to develop a unified concept. The author draws attention to the fact that, taking into account the specific nature of the object, subject and virtual environment of committing these crimes, any legal norm should be formulated and correlated with the objective possibility of its practical implementation, taking into account technical characteristics.

A High-Performance Gamma Spectrometer for Unmanned Systems Based on Off-the-Shelf Components

Since the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in March 2011, the technology available for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for radiation monitoring has improved greatly. Remote access to radiation-contaminated areas not only eliminates unnecessary exposure of civilians or military personnel, but also allows workers to explore inaccessible places. Hazardous levels of radioactive contamination can be expected as a result of accidents in the nuclear power industry or as a result of the intentional release of radioactive materials for terrorist purposes (dirty bombs, building contamination, etc.). The possibility to detect, identify, and characterize radiation and nuclear material using mobile and remote sensing platforms is a common requirement in the radiation sensing community. The technology has applications in homeland security and law enforcement, customs and border protection, nuclear power plant safety and security, nuclear waste monitoring, environmental recovery, and the military. In this work, the authors have developed, implemented, and characterized a gamma-ray detection and spectroscopy system capable of operating on a UAV. The system was mainly developed using open-source software and affordable hardware components to reduce development and maintenance costs and provide satisfactory performance as a detection instrument. The designed platform can be used to perform mapping or localization tasks to improve the risk assessment process for first responders during the management of radiological and nuclear incidents. First, the design process of the system is described; the result of the characterization of the platform is then presented together with the use of the prototype installed on a UAV in an exercise simulating a radiological and nuclear contamination scenario.

Stop Using Blockchain Technology for Terrorist Purposes in the Field of Medical Science

Stop Using Blockchain Technology for Terrorist Purposes in the Field of Medical Science

Counteract Illegal Trafficking of Nuclear, Radioactive and Other Materials that Pose an Increased Danger

The article assesses the threats to the national security of the country associated with the use of nuclear, radioactive and other materials for terrorist purposes, including the use of modern information technologies. The classification of various types of terrorism is given, based on the analysis of the features that characterize this crime. Its criminal-legal characteristics are considered. The danger of religious, political and “state cyberterrorism”, which has been gaining popularity in recent times, is emphasized to destabilize the functioning of various critical infrastructure facilities, including arsenals of weapons of mass destruction, nuclear power plants, nuclear waste storage facilities, etc. A system of interdepartmental counteraction to the smuggling of potent, poisonous, explosive, radioactive substances, radiation sources, nuclear materials and other objects that can be used by intruders for criminal purposes. The exceptional importance of protecting the state and customs borders of the Russian Federation, as well as the entire Eurasian Economic Union, is noted in order to exclude the possible import into and export from the country of substances and materials intended for the manufacture of technical devices that pose an increased danger from the point of view of a terrorist threat. Particular attention is focused on the powers in this area of the customs authorities. It is concluded that within the framework of interstate cooperation in the fight against smuggling of nuclear, radioactive and other materials that pose an increased danger from the point of view of a terrorist threat, it is necessary to unify the criminal, criminal procedural and operational-search legislation of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union.

Bioterorizam

The author often mentioned in his works that there is no inhabited territory in the world that is resistant to terrorism, while the roots of terrorism, surrounded by different motives and causes, go far back in history. Therefore, the author identifies terrorism as a world problem, which is never isolated in one environment, but very quickly, like a forest fire, spreads to other areas. In the era of rapid information and technological development, the concept of terrorism terrorism is becoming less and less precise and unambiguous as it is increasingly used. Given that we have seen in the not-so-distant past that terrorist organizations are unscrupulous in their attacks, one of the main concerns of modern times is undoubtedly the possibility of using biological weapons for terrorist purposes. This paper analyzes in detail the somewhat intimidating form of terrorism, known as bioterrorism, a distinction was made between this and other types of terrorism, and we have given a historical view of the use of biological weapons, all with the aim of more precisely defining this extremely complex phenomenon.