Terrorist Presence Research Articles

DERADIKALISASI: UPAYA PEMERINTAH SEBAGAI PEMANGKU KEBIJAKAN DALAM MENJAGA PERDAMAIAN NEGARA MENURUT PERSEKTIF FIKIH JIHAD

Terrorism problem in Indonesia is one of the main problems that caught a serious attention from government. Series of a terror incidents so far show that there is a serious problem that has not solved yet to be fixed. Indonesia in the report of Global Terrorism Index (GTI) 2023 is ranked 24th from 163 countries that get most affected by terrorism with the total 638 incidents since 2000 until 2020. The terrorism action can endanger the security of nation and state. The consequence of that action are lost a life, a suspicion towards a particular race or religion, break up the nation's unity, damage physically and mentally, and raises fear in the society because the feel of threatened by the presence of terrorists. To deal with terrorism and radicalism, the government implements a program which known as deradicalization under National Counter Terrorism Agency (BNPT). With the deradicalization as the coaching program which aimed to change the terrorism convicts' radical character creates the expectation from public to the government in eradicating terrorism crime.

Use of GIS to Discover the Existence of Terrorism

Threats to national defense can be military or non-military. The greatest unresolved threat and challenge facing the Indonesian state is terrorism. The Indonesian government has dealt with terrorism, but catching terrorists remains difficult. The purpose of this research is to provide an alternative that uses Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT) to find out where terrorists are hiding. The limitation of this research is the mountainous region in Central Sulawesi Province. The method used in this study is to use the GEOINT approach which is a combination of remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS) and cartography, to extract information and analyze the results. The analysis was performed using a weighted linear combination method. The quantification process is carried out on all spatial data used for each parameter related to the presence of terrorists in the mountains. Quantification is done by changing each sub-parameter class to a value between 1-5. Each value is then weighted as a coefficient to arrive at the final score. From the results of the analysis and discussion it can be concluded that the GEOINT analysis can be used as an initial research on terrorist hideouts.

Methods of Countering Cyber Recruitment (Iraq Model)

Connecting to the electronic information network (internet) became the most characteristic that distinguish this era However , the long hours which young men daily spend on the internet On the other hand ,there are many people who are waiting for the chance to talk and convince them with their views This will lead the young people to be part in the project of the “cyber armies “that involved with states and terrorist organizations
 This project has been able to recruitment hundreds of people every day to work in its rank . It is very difficult to control these websites because we can see the terrorist presence in all its forms in the internet In addition there are many incubation environments that feed in particular the young people minds 
 Because they are suffering from the lack of social justice Also the unemployment, deprivation , social and political repression So , that terrorist organizations can attract young people through the internet by convincing them to their views and ideas . So these organizations will enable to be more stronger.

A War of the Words: Assessing Liability for Online Incitement of Terrorism

Social media posts and terrorism have become inextricably linked in public analysis of recent terror incidents. Terrorist organizations rely on the internet to recruit new members, incite violence, and publicize their actions. Despite the significant reliance of terrorist organizations on social media, social media companies have inconsistently and infrequently attempted to address this usage. At present, there is insufficient domestic regulation of terrorist presence on social media, and American law struggles to adapt from the print medium to a flexible and responsive First Amendment jurisprudence of the internet age. By taking inspiration from recent German and French regulation of online terrorist activity, the United States might be able to address some of these shortcomings. The government could limit terrorist organization presence online by (1) re-defining ‘hate speech’ to include language that incites imminent terrorist action and (2) instituting a compliance regime that regulates social media companies as internet platforms. This paper proposes a course of action that could result in an online environment that stifles, rather than fosters, terrorist organization activity moving forward.

Terrorist Presence in Virtual Worlds: Using Second Life as a Case Study

Terrorist Presence in Virtual Worlds: Using Second Life as a Case Study

Failed States and the Spread of Terrorism in Sub-Saharan Africa

Plagued by systematic state failure, sub-Saharan Africa's failed states have helped facilitate internationally sponsored terrorist networks and operations. However, until recently, this type of activity was primarily relegated to North Africa and the Horn. But that has begun to change. Now, what was once a seemingly benign terrorist presence in sub-Saharan Africa is starting to transform into a movement, with states such as Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) now lending arms, financial support, and radical militants to the extremist jihadist movement of internationally sponsored terrorist organizations such as Al Qaeda. Further, with the recent bombings in Kenya and Somalia, and the failed bombing attempt on a U.S. airliner by a Nigerian national, it is becoming increasingly evident that internationally sponsored terrorist networks have found a permanent home in sub-Saharan Africa and within the hearts and minds of its people, which poses significant challenges for the international community, given the region's patchwork of failed states, where terrorists can easily hide and thrive. Consequently, this study discusses how the conditions of state failure have fostered support for internationally sponsored terrorism in sub-Saharan Africa. Terrorist groups are now actively recruiting more militants from within the region and popular support for extremist acts is on the rise in sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, the article argues sub-Saharan Africa will soon become the site for the next generation of terrorists, and the next wave of terrorist activity.

The Psychology of Mass-Mediated Terrorism

The growing use and manipulation of modern communications by terrorist organizations have led communication and terrorism scholars to reconceptualize modern terrorism within the framework of symbolic communication theory. Some applied the theater-of-terror metaphor to examine modern terrorism as an attempt to communicate messages through the use of orchestrated violence. This article examines the psychological importance of the mass media for modern terrorism, the media tactics of terrorists, and the challenges they present to media organizations and governments. Special attention is given to the use of the Internet by modern terrorists and the rhetoric of terrorist Web sites based on 8-year-long monitoring of terrorist presence on the Internet and the analysis of more than 5,000 terrorist Web sites. Finally, the article concludes with various responses of modern democratic societies to the challenge poised by media-oriented and media-savvy terrorists.

Terror on the Internet: A Complex Issue, and Getting Harder

The fight against terror on the World Wide Web, chat rooms, and forums tends to take a maddeningly circular route. Politicians demand a crackdown on the terrorist presence on the Web, calling on ISPs to develop new technologies that will block access to terrorist sites or to detect their origin and shut them down. Just as quickly, the sites' operators relaunch from another host. Courts have found numerous efforts to thwart terror to be an abridgment of users' rights of free speech; white-hat security analysts cringe when the political posturing leads to dismantling sites they've been surreptitiously monitoring. In the past two months, the United Kingdom has become the latest microcosm illustrating the dizzying complexity governments face as they attempt to balance stifling terror on the Internet with free speech and information access.

Strategic Realignment: Ends, Ways, and Means in Iraq

Four years into the war in Iraq, the debate rages over whether there are enough troops deployed to accomplish the mission. Congress and the White House continuously argue over resources and the conduct of the war. Meanwhile, American and Iraqi casualties persist at an unacceptable rate. America's political and military leaders suggest progress is being made and we should stay the course; after all, it generally requires eight to ten years to defeat an insurgency. From a historical perspective, they are correct. But the situation in Iraq is not just an insurgency, and labeling it as such is a gross oversimplification of the challenges we face. Iraq is a mega-complex challenge; a collage of complex issues that cannot be readily deconstructed into individual issues and problems, solved, and put back together. Every issue in Iraq has potential second- and third-order effects as well as unintended consequences. Some of the enduring factors that will not be easily resolved are the deep-rooted religious conflict, modernization, corruption, inequitable distribution of wealth, lack of economic development, discontent among young males, the prevalence of militias, and a divided government influenced by sectarian interests. Understanding these issues is essential to comprehending the overall nature of the war. Complicating the situation is the presence of terrorists. Allegedly, in an interview with Jordanian journalist Fouad Hussein, the late terrorist Abu Musab al Zarqawi outlined al Qaeda in Iraq's steps toward world domination and establishment of a caliphate. Al Qaeda has a three-stage strategy in Iraq: to expel American forces, establish an Islamic authority or emirate in Iraq, and extend the jihad to the secular countries neighboring Iraq. (1) current situation in Iraq is the result of three fundamental strategic mistakes. First, the United States, particularly its military, initially was remiss in discerning the nature of the conflict and subsequently failed to reassess the situation as circumstances evolved. Second, the government, as a whole, failed to balance ends, ways, and Third, the government chose the wrong strategy. Instead of adopting a strategy appropriate for the complexities of a multifaceted conflict that includes elements of civil war, insurgency, and terrorism, decisionmakers instituted a strategy predominantly focused on counterinsurgency operations. Not only have decisionmakers failed to recognize the realities of the situation, they have failed to adapt and anticipate. Policy by Other Means It is important to keep in mind that war is a political act. According to Clausewitz, War is not merely an act of policy but a true political instrument, a continuation of political intercourse, carried on with other means. (2) wisdom of the decision to invade Iraq and overthrow Saddam Hussein's regime is irrelevant. (3) fact of the matter is the United States is fully engaged in Iraq and needs to remain committed to resolving the challenges it was a party to creating. Although unilateral withdrawal is an option, it further destabilize the entire region or, worse, lead to the implosion of Iraq, plunging the entire Middle East into war. Retired General Barry R. McCaffrey assesses that such a conflict would be a disaster for 25 years. (4) Iraq is essential to regional and global stability, and victory in Iraq is a vital national interest. (5) Nature of the Conflict Accurate determination of the nature of a conflict is the critical first step in understanding the actions required for success. Clausewitz's insight reveals, The nature of war is complex and changeable ... its nature influences its purpose and its means. (6) appropriate strategic solution to any conflict depends on correctly assessing its nature. Iraq is, however, a unique conflict. On the one-hand, it resembles a civil war; on the other, it looks like an insurgency. …

The Quantitative Analysis of Terrorism and Immigration: An Initial Exploration

This article uses immigration and other biographical data to refute much of the conventional wisdom about the relationship between terrorism and immigration. Using a database created from the biographical data of 373 terrorists, we have established a number of significant findings. Over forty percent of our database is made up of Western Nationals. Second, despite widespread alarms raised over terrorist infiltration from Mexico, we found no terrorist presence in Mexico and no terrorists who entered the U.S. from Mexico. Third, we found a sizeable terrorist presence in Canada and a number of Canadian-based terrorists who have entered the U.S. In addition to illuminating the terrorist networks entrenched in the West, this paper is also an attempt to advance the field of terrorism studies by taking a quantitative approach to data analysis.

Virtual Disputes: The Use of the Internet for Terrorist Debates

Terrorists are using the Internet for various purposes. Most of the attempts to monitor and study terrorist presence on the Net focused on the practical and communicative uses of this channel by modern terrorists. Yet, not much attention has been paid to the use of the Net as a medium for terrorist debates and disputes. This descriptive article presents this less noticed facet of terrorism on the Net by providing examples of virtual debates among and within terrorist groups. The analysis of the online controversies, disputes, and debates may say a lot about the mindsets of terrorists, their motivations, their doubts and fears. In many ways, it allows the researcher to open a window to a world about which so little is known. It may also serve counterterrorism: by learning the inner cleavages and debates one can find practical ways to support the voices against terror, to broaden gaps within these dangerous communities, and to channel the discourse to nonviolent forms of action.