Terrorism Crime Research Articles

Terrorism as a threat to the national security of the Russian Federation: political and legal support for countering

The article considers the means of combating terrorism: the expansion of cooperation with other states to counter terrorist acts, as well as the legislative activities of the state in the field of countering terrorism. In order to substantiate crimes that include the basics of terrorist activity, the legislation of the Russian Federation has been analyzed in the most detail. It is noted that a systematic approach is needed in the activities of public authorities aimed at developing and implementing comprehensive measures to effectively prevent terrorist crimes.

Rationale for Terrorism Offences: Comparative study with the provisions of Islamic Sharia

The research deals with the study of the motivating reasons for the commission of terrorism crimes, both at the national, regional and international levels, with a comparative study with the provisions of the Islamic Sharia on this crime. The research showed that there are political, economic, social, intellectual and other reasons that lead to the commission of these crimes and even increase their spread at the level of the state, the region and across the world. The study relied on the descriptive, analytical and comparative approach to reach the desired goal of preparing this research. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which is that the disintegration and lack of cohesion of society may be one of the important reasons for the occurrence of international terrorist crimes. The study also proposed a number of recommendations, the most important of which is the need to work from international and regional bodies to prevent and combat the causes of the occurrence of international terrorist crime.

Современное состояние терроризма в Российской Федерации

The article analyzes the specific provisions of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of countering terrorism in a rapidly changing reality, as well as problematic issues arising from the implementation of these provisions; identification of criminologically significant causes and conditions for the commission of terrorist crimes; identification of legislative gaps and law enforcement problems in this area, development of sound proposals for their solution. In this regard, the problem of terrorism turns out to be relevant not only for Russia, but also for the entire world community. This fact is due to the fact that terrorism poses a danger to the state, its integrity, sovereignty, various institutions (public, legal, state, economic, etc.), property, legitimate human and civil rights and freedoms, as well as encroach on the health and life of an individual, etc. The article notes that various manifestations of terrorism encroach on various.

Juridical Analysis of the Handling of Terrorism Crime

The research aims to study the police's countermeasures for dealing with acts of terrorism in Cirebon Regency, Indonesia. This study uses a normative juridical approach, focusing on analyzing legal regulations and their application in practice. The study identifies that although laws and regulations such as Law Number 5 of 2018 provide a strong legal basis, implementation still faces challenges related to the effectiveness of coordination between law enforcement officials and intelligence agencies. The findings of this study also contribute to the development of law and public policy in Indonesia by providing a solid academic foundation to support necessary regulatory changes or adjustments. The results of this analysis can help policymakers in formulating more responsive and adaptive strategies in dealing with the threat of terrorist, so as to create a stronger legal system and be able to protect society more comprehensively.

Legal Protection for Suspects in the Investigation Process of Terrorism Criminal Acts in Order to Fulfill Human Rights n the Region of the Riau Islands Police

The background of this study is the high number of terrorism cases in Indonesia that require strict law enforcement measures but must still respect human rights. Legal protection for suspects in the investigation process is crucial to ensure a fair legal process and in accordance with human rights standards regulated in various laws and regulations, including the Criminal Procedure Code, Law No. 5 of 2018, the 1945 Constitution, and Law No. 39 of 1999.The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of legal protection for suspects of terrorism crimes in the Riau Islands Police area, identify obstacles faced in implementing this protection, and formulate solutions to overcome these obstacles. The research method used is the empirical legal method, with a qualitative approach involving data collection through interviews, observations, and document studies.The results of the study indicate that the implementation of legal protection for suspects in the Riau Islands Police area is still less than optimal. The main obstacles identified include abuse of authority by law enforcement officers, lack of resources and capacity, and social stigma and discrimination against suspects. Abuse of authority often occurs in the form of unprocedural arrests and detentions, while limited resources result in a lack of adequate equipment and training for officers. Social stigma worsens the situation by hindering fair and humane legal protection. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended that supervision and accountability for the actions of law enforcement officers be strengthened, training and capacity building for officers be carried out continuously, and anti-stigma education and campaigns be carried out for the community. These steps are expected to increase the effectiveness of human rights protection for suspects, so that the process of investigating terrorism crimes can be carried out more fairly and in accordance with the principles of law and justice.

Учебно-методическое обеспечение обучения курсантов и сотрудников коррекции осужденных за террористические преступления

The article reveals the characteristics of the educational and methodological support for the training of cadets and employees of the penal correction system of the Russian Federation for persons convicted of terrorist crimes. The effectiveness of correctional work of employees of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia with convicts of various categories under consideration largely depends on the quality of educational and methodological support for the training of cadets of departmental educational organizations and the continuous process of professional development of existing employees. The educational and methodological support for the training of cadets and staff in correctional work of those convicted of terrorism determines the relevance, first of all, of the principles and main stages, which is what this publication is dedicated to.

Criminal Liability Of Actors Who Participate In Terrorism Criminal Acts In Indonesia

The crime of terrorism is a form of crime with an international dimension that is very frightening to the public. Terrorism is a crime against humanity which is classified as an extraordinary crime because it has succeeded in creating chaos based on religion, sect or organization. This crime against humanity is regulated in Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 of 2018 concerning Terrorism Crimes. Terrorist networks that are difficult to trace and have wide access make the problem of terrorism difficult to eradicate. Easy access between countries is one of the reasons why it is difficult to break the chain of terrorist networks. So efforts are needed through bilateral, regional and international cooperation to eradicate terrorism. The research method used in this paper uses normative legal research based on legal theories. By taking a legislative approach through literature study. This research aims to find out what causes perpetrators to commit criminal acts of terrorism and to find out what form of criminal law accountability exists for perpetrators who participate in criminal acts of terrorism in Indonesia.

Criminal Sanctions for Terrorism Perpetrators in the Perspective of Islamic Criminal Law

When the crime of terrorism of the Bali bombing on October 12, 2002 occurred in Indonesia, which is not a country that applies Islamic law, then this became a problem among Muslims in Indonesia. it is clear that the behavior of terrorism is a form of Jarimah Al-Bagyu which sanctions in the form of Qisas and diyat, but in Indonesia there are perpetrators of terrorism who get the death penalty there are those who get life imprisonment with different sanctions sentenced by the judge. The research method used is normative juridical (legal research) which is descriptive analysis with primary data sourced from legal materials. The results of the research conclude that the perpetrators of the Bali I bombing terrorism in Islamic Criminal Law include indirect co-perpetrators (Isytirak ghairul mubasir/isytirak bittasabbubi) appropriately applied in the form of death penalty and life imprisonment. So that this paper will provide an overview of the perpetrators of indirect participation in which sanctions in Islamic criminal law are given in the form of Ta'zir, the judge's verdict in the Indonesian State against terrorism suspects is a form of Ta'zir, namely the punishment for the perpetrator of thejarimah is left entirely to the ruler or judge

Studi Tentang Manfaat Perumusan Ancaman Pidana Mati dalam Beberapa Kualifikasi Tindak Pidana Berat

This study aims to determine the benefits of the formulation of the death penalty threat in several qualifications for serious crimes. The type of writing used in this writing is normative juridical writing using a statute approach. This type of writing is descriptive and analytical. The main sources of data for this research are the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 15 of 2003, Law No. 8 of 1981, and Court Decisions. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively. The findings of this study are that terrorist crimes, narcotics, and psychotropics are threatened with high and severe penalties with the possibility of the maximum sentence of the defendant, namely the death penalty in addition to imprisonment and fines. Considering that terrorist crimes, narcotics, and psychotropics are included in special types of criminal acts, criminal threats against them can be imposed cumulatively by imposing 2 types of main crimes at once. In the Criminal Code, the imposition of two main sentences at once is not possible so that no punishment is imposed in the form of imprisonment and a fine because the Criminal Code only requires one of the main crimes. However, as a special criminal act, for narcotics and psychotropic crimes, the judge is allowed to sentence the defendant with two main crimes at once, which are generally in the form of the death penalty, life sentence or prison sentence with the aim that the punishment burdens the perpetrator so that the crime can be tackled in the community

Indonesia’s Diplomacy as a Non-Permanent Member of The UN Security Council in Combating to Terrorism Crime 2019-2020

The United Nations (UN) was formed to maintain world peace and security. The UN gives a mandate to its main body, called the Security Council (SC), to maintain peace and security stability, take necessary actions, and act as a mediator in all issues and conflicts that occur based on the provisions written in the UN Charter. As a member of the UN Security Council, Indonesia is fully committed to maintaining world peace regarding the UN mission. In carrying out its role, Indonesia refers to the free and active foreign policy, the 1945 Constitution, and the UN Charter. This research used qualitative methods to analyze the dynamics of Indonesia's membership in the Security Council in dealing with global issues. The results proved that Indonesia’s policies have tried to fight terrorism crimes through the UN Security Council membership. The mechanisms for conflict resolution put forward an approach to law enforcement, prevention, and the formation of UN Security Council resolutions related to terrorism crimes.

Terrorism and War Crimes: Two Sides of The Same Coin?

The definition of terrorism is not consensual, even within the same country. Indeed, in the United States of America, a country where the fight against terrorism is one of the present political priorities, the definition varies depending on whether the source is the Department of Defense (DoD), the US Code, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) or the Department of State, but this lack of consensus does not mean that terrorism is not considered a crime according to the Resolution 49/6026 of 17 February 1995 of the United Nations General Assembly. However, many experts on the thematic do not accept the definition of terrorism as an international crime in time of peace defending that terrorism is essentially the violation of domestic laws which have their genesis in treaties to which states may or may not adhere, and this explains why some countries refuse to reduce their sovereignty and do not accept to transfer the jurisdiction for crimes of international terrorism to supranational institutions. According to this vision, terrorism must be included as a subtype in one of the four modalities that are already recognized by international law. This article reflects on the relationship between terrorism and the modalities of war crimes judged by the International Criminal Court (ICC) and seeks to show that the seriousness of the terrorist threat justifies that terrorism should be considered an autonomous international crime.

Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Persons Convicted for Terrorist Crimes

The publication analyzes the conformity question of the personal characteristics of people convicted of terrorist crimes with the main characteristics of the outcasts represented in sociology. In the process of studying the general characteristics of this category of persons, which included a sociological characteristic, empirical materials were obtained that allow us to put forward a working hypothesis that persons who have committed terrorist crimes have personal characteristics that are mainly characteristic of marginals. In addition to the empirical materials of structured interviews with the studied persons, this hypothesis was supported by the materials of questionnaires, testing, as well as the results of studying all the available materials characterizing them, including the texts of court decisions (sentences). Thus, according to the results of a study of the sociological characteristics of persons convicted for terrorist crimes by comparing their own results with the available theoretical and practical results of studying the emergence and manifestation of structural marginality, it was found that the studied persons do indeed have sociological characteristics characteristic of the marginalized. It has been established that most of the main sociological characteristics, conditions and situations inherent in persons subjected to structural marginalization, identified in the studies by leading sociologists, are present in the structure of the personality of people convicted of terrorism. This state of affairs opens up new possibilities in determining and implementing a corrective, corrective impact on the personality of those convicted of terrorist crimes.

Penerapan Kompensasi Terhadap Korban Kejahatan Tindak Pidana Terorisme Studi Kasus Bom Bali

The bombing incident that occurred in Bali in 2002 was a tragedy that attracted world attention, with victims reaching 202 deaths and more than 200 people injured. This tragedy occurred after the hijacked plane crashed into the World Trade Center towers in America in 2001, which increasingly increased global attention to the issue of terrorism. The aim of this research is to examine compensation for victims of terrorist crimes. This research method uses a descriptive qualitative research method with a normative juridical approach using secondary data in the form of documents and books regarding the object of this research, then this research uses 3 types of legal materials in the form of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. The findings of this research show that in Law Number 31 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 13 of 2006 concerning Protection of Witnesses and Victims, victims of criminal acts of terrorism also receive protection for their personal security, family and property, and are free from threats. relating to testimony that will be, is being, or has been given and participating in the process of selecting and determining forms of security protection and support as well as providing information without pressure. Protection for victims of criminal acts of terrorism implemented in Indonesia is based on the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and Law Number 15 of 2003 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism. Bali bombing victims have the right to receive legal protection and compensation from the state for the acts of terrorism that occurred. They also receive protection for their personal security, family and property, and are free from threats related to the testimony they will, are giving, or have given.

Complete and Voluntary Abandonment of the Criminal Purpose in the Notes to the Articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on Terrorist Crimes: Grounds for Application

The norms of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on exemption from criminal liability or noninvolvement therein are an important tool for countering crimes in general. The relevant norms contained in the notes to the articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation providing for liability for terrorist crimes are no exception. Of the articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation providing for liability for terrorist crimes, the relevant notes are given to Articles 205–206 and 208. However, the effective use of the possibilities contained in the listed articles may be hindered by the confusion of grounds for exemption from criminal liability and grounds excluding criminal liability inherent in them. The author make a conclusion on the need to coordinate the notes to Articles 205–206, 208 of the Criminal Code with the provisions on voluntary abandonment of a crime (Article 31 of the Criminal Code) and complete abandonment of the criminal purpose (part 2 of Article 75 of the Criminal Code). Such coordination is a necessary condition for a clear definition of the legal nature of the circumstances set out in the notes to the above articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Currently, unambiguous grounds for differentiating these circumstances into exempting from criminal liability and excluding criminal liability are absent, which leads to contradictory and controversial conclusions when judicial authorities make decisions on cases of terrorist crimes provided for in Articles 205–206, 208 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

Terrorism Crimes and Financing in Saudi law and international agreements

تمويل الإرهاب هي احدى العمليات التي من خلالها يقوم المجرمون بإضفاء صفة المشروعية على المتحصلات الناتجة عن نشاطات اجرامية. هدفت الدراسة إلي التعرف على مفهوم تمويل الإرهاب وأركانه وفق التشريع السعودي والاتفاقيات الدولية، بيان الآثار المترتبة عن جريمة تمويل الإرهاب على المستوى الوطني والدولي، التعرف على مدى موائمة التشريع السعودي للاتفاقيات الدولية لمكافحة تمويل التمويل. اتبعت الدراسة المنهج التحليلي من خلال التحليل القانوني لمضمون النصوص الدولية والتشريعات الوطنية، إضافة إلي المنهج المقارن .خلصت الدراسة إلي العديد من النتائج منها إهتمام القانون الدولي بمكافحة جريمة تمويل الإرهاب ‏وتجريمها بموجب قوانينه الداخلية، اهتم المشروع السعودي بتجريم تمويل الإرهاب من خلال إقراره تشريع خاص بالجريمة بما يتوافق مع جهود المكافحة الدولية. أوصت الدراسة بضرورة مواكبة التطور في الأساليب التي يعتمدها الممولون، وذلك من خلال توظيف التكنولوجيا الحديثة والوسائل التقنية في تتبع وكشف عمليات تمويل الإرهاب، الاهتمام بتدريب وتأهيل المعنيين بمكافحة تمويل الإرهاب علمياً وعملياً لزيادة إلمامهم بكافة التشريعات والتوصيات بما يتواكب مع تطور وسائل التمويل.

From Extreme Ideas to Violent and Nonviolent Outcomes: An In-Depth Analysis of Probation Files on Terrorist Suspects in the Netherlands

ABSTRACT How do individuals who commit violent terrorist crimes differ from those who commit nonviolent terrorist crimes? In this study, we compare characteristics and pathways of violent (VTS) and nonviolent (NVTS) individuals prior to being suspected or convicted of crimes with terrorist intent (e.g. planning an attack, financing terrorism) in the Netherlands through an analysis of probation files. Departing from a social control and life-course perspective, we examine possible signs and triggers leading up to the terrorist suspicion, various life domains (socio-demographic characteristics, social network, and personality related variables), mental health, criminal histories, and online activities. Findings demonstrate primarily resemblances between both groups. Nonetheless, compared to NVTS, VTS showed more indications of signs of acting in accordance with extreme ideological beliefs and feelings of injustice, had a more disadvantaged socioeconomic background, were more often involved with other radicals (e.g. in groups and/or online), had more substance abuse problems, and were more active online in relation to their terrorist suspicion. NVTS, on the other hand, had more regularly a turbulent youth, more commonly ever showed indications of aggressive behavior, had more often mental health problems, and, consequently, received more social care compared to VTS. Implications and avenues for future research are discussed.

COACHING EFFORTS FOR TERRORISM PRISONERS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF INDONESIAN POSITIVE LAW

The crime of terrorism is a serious crime that requires special guidance methods in handling it. Efforts to handle terrorism cases in Indonesia are carried out through special approaches, namely a hard and a soft approaches. Deradicalization is an action that seeks to develop the mentality of national and religious ideology. This research is empirical legal research that examines Law Number 5 of 2018 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism. The research method applied is descriptive, which aims to describe the actual situation. This data is then analyzed using a quantitative approach, which means the data is analyzed selectively and described before finding a solution to the problem. This data was analyzed to determine the effects of implementing guidance according to Law Number 5 of 2018 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism. Efforts to deal with Based on the evidence, it can be concluded that those who commit terrorist crimes in Indonesia are generally quite good. The obtained data shows that former prisoners in terrorism cases in Indonesia have returned to be good citizens. Although Indonesia is making good efforts to combat terrorism, much more needs to be improved. The government, law enforcement agencies and society have to work together in fighting terrorism and avoiding cases of terrorism in the future.

The Synergy of Indonesian National Police and Army in the Effort to Treat Criminal Terrorism

The implementation of synergy between the Indonesian Police, Indonesian National Armed Forces, and the community in the context of overcoming the crime of terrorism, where the problem becomes a legal problem when proposed by the Draft Terrorism Law. The problem in this research is how the legal problems in the implementation of the synergy of the Indonesian Police, the Indonesian National Armed Forces and the Community in the effort to tackle terrorism crime, how the current criminal law policy is applied in overcoming terrorism crime and how is the formulation of criminal law applied in tackling acts criminal terrorism in the future. This research method is empirical juridical, and data is collected from library studies, interviews, and observations. The conceptual framework in the study includes the concept of criminal law policies and the concept of criminal acts of terrorism. The results of this study indicate the efforts to tackle terrorism in Indonesia stem from differences in vision and mission between the Indonesian Police and the Indonesian National Army in the aim of synergizing to eradicate criminal acts of terrorism. The emergence of a narrow mindset of some people who think that the issuance of Police Chief Regulation No. 7 of 2008 concerning Basic Guidelines for Strategy and Implementation of Community Policing in Handling Indonesian Police Tasks is seen as an effort to counteract the activities carried out by Babinsa formed by the Indonesian National Army.

Analysis of Legal Structural Protection of Terrorism Crimes in Indonesia Based on Legal System Theory

Analysis of Legal Structural Protection of Terrorism Crimes in Indonesia Based on Legal System Theory

Cultural Radicalization Cons as an Effort to Eradicate the Crime of Terrorism in Indonesia

Radicalism, which is the main root of a person becoming a terrorist, is a fact that to fight the spread of radicalism, law enforcement is not enough. On the one hand, social conditions also significantly influence efforts to counteract radicalism. From these problems, the question of this research is how socio-culture works in counteracting radicalism. The method used in this study is Socio-legal-based legal study. Further, this study aims to understand and elaborate that socio-culture influences efforts to fight the spread of radical ideas and eradicate criminal acts of terrorism in Indonesia. The results of this study show that in society, there has been cultural radicalization cons through community activities, which have succeeded in countering the spread of radicalism. Keywords: radicalism; terrorism; radicalization cons.