Territory Of Nigeria Research Articles

Language Indigenization in Terms of Language Contacts (Based on the Nigerian English Variant)

The purpose of the article is to identify the specifics of the English language Indigenization procedure on the territory of Nigeria, one of the largest countries in West Africa. The research work has the complex system to analyze the cultural and linguistic processes, which are manifested in the study under the influence of cultural factors and its influence on the language functioning. The practical work part is based on the analysis of the language thematic groups “National food” and “National clothes” presenting the specific features of Nigerian English. The results show, Nigerian English has a wide range of words denoting local realities and reflecting the adaptation of the English language to the Nigerian culture peculiarities, which are the process of indigenization. All in all, English words with new lexical meanings, words from Nigerian languages, and Portuguese loanwords have been used for naming local food and clothing elements.

Abstract MP19: Characteristics And Patterns Of Retention In Hypertension Care In Primary Care Settings: Findings From The Hypertension Treatment In Nigeria Program

Introduction: More than 1.2 billion adults have hypertension globally, which contributes to more than 19 million deaths due to cardiovascular diseases each year. High retention in clinical care is essential for long-term management of hypertension, but 1-year retention rates are <50% in many resource-limited settings. Objective: To describe retention rates and associated factors among patients with hypertension in primary health care centers in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria. Methods: Data were collected by trained study staff from adults ≥18 years at 60 public, primary healthcare centers between January 2020 and July 2021 as part of the Hypertension Treatment in Nigeria Program. The 3-month rolling average 37-day retention rate in hypertension care was calculated by dividing the number of patients that had a second visits within 37 days of their first visit by the total number of registered hypertensive patients over multiple consecutive 3-month periods. Regression models were created to evaluate associations between patient-, site-, area council-level factors, treatment and control status, and 37-day retention rate. Results: In total 10,686 patients (68.2% female, mean [SD] age = 48.8 [12.7] years) were included. Over the study period, the 3-month rolling average 37-day retention rate was 41% (95% CI: 37% – 46%, Figure 1 ) with wide variability. The retention rate was higher among patients who were older (adjusted OR (aOR) [95% CI]: 1.01 per year [1.007, 1.014]), female (aOR [95% CI]: 1.11 [1.002, 1.22]), higher BMI (aOR [95% CI]: 1.01 [1.002, 1.02]), Kuje area council (aOR [95% CI]: 2.29 [1.28, 4.09]), being treated at the first visit (aOR [95% CI]: 1.20 [1.08, 1.33]), and being controlled at the second visit (aOR [95% CI]: 1.33 [1.20, 1.47]). Conclusions: Retention in hypertension care is suboptimal in primary health care centers in Nigeria, although variability was seen. Modifiable factors associated with retention were identified and may be targets for multilevel, contextualized implementation strategies.

Analysis on Resource Use Efficiency of Smallholder's Rice Production Farmers in Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria: Probit Model Approach

This study examined the resource-use efficiency of smallholder rice production farmers in Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. The problem of resource use among small-scale rice production farmers is preponderance in the country. Hence, the study investigated the drivers of the problem in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria. Specifically, the study was designed to determine the factors influencing the resource-use efficiency of the respondents. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select a total sample size of one hundred and seventy-five (175) rice farmers in Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. Seven estimators such as age, household size, farming experience, educational level, extension services, access to credit, and off-farm income in the Probit model were found statistically significant. Results show that the probability of resource use efficiency of inputs used by the farmers increases with age, farm size, household size, educational level, extension services, experiences in farming, access to credits, but decreases where they have off-farm income. Mc Fadden Pseudo-R2 gives 0.6772, and the Probit model explains a significant proportion of the variations in smallholder farmers' resource use. The study concluded that the socio-economic variables in the model play an important role in influencing resource use efficiency. The study recommends that government agencies and donors should provide simplified, accessible and obtainable credits and grants to existing and prospective rice farmers in order to sustain the current giant stride in rice production in the country.

Examination of Performance Measurement Prospects on the Fourth Industrial Revolution in the Nigerian Selected Public Sector Agencies

Performance measurement in public sector organisations has engendered concern of both practitioners and academia. In an emerging economy like Nigeria, technological breakthroughs like the fourth industrial revolution as a mechanism for enhanced performance has further excited concerns for performance measurement. Literature acknowledged that a proper measurement of performance is the base for improving the quality of public goods and services. As such, this study seeks to examine the prospects of performance measurement in the era of IR 4.0 using an exploratory multiple case study research design. Interview method to gather primary data on the phenomenon of IR 4.0 and performance measurement across ten Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs) situated in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria was adopted. Interview results show that though there were persons designated as management accountants, the management accounting function is performed through the accounting department. The study also observed that the internet, digitisation, broadband, and human-computer interface as aspects of IR 4.0 recorded “good” scores. However, Artificial Intelligence (AI), which is an essential attribute of IR 4.0, had inconsistent ratings. This can be attributed to the low level of awareness of the phenomenon of IR 4.0 its numerous facets which can be deployed, such that performance of typical public sector organisations ranked or measured on vale satisfaction of beneficiaries rather than target figures and annual employee appraisal. A strong political will of administrators of the sampled MDA was identified as an essential factor for fully adopting what IR 4.0 has to offer.

Pesticide residues in seed yams produced using the adaptive Yam Minisett Technique

ABSTRACT This paper provides the results of the first research designed to test for pesticide residue analysis conducted on seed yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) tubers produced via the Adaptive Yam Minisett technique (AYMT). AYMT uses a pesticide-based water dip to treat setts (~75 g) cut from a yam tuber, and these setts are planted to produce healthy seed yams. While the dip is known to be effective in terms of sett survival in the field along with quantity and yield of seed yams produced, one potential issue is the carry-over of chlorpyrifos from treated setts into the seed yams. The research reported here describes the results from an experimental plot established in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria designed to address this issue. A total of 54 seed yam tubers (18 seed yams from each plot) were analyzed from control (untreated), half-dose and full-dose pesticide dip treatments and results show that there is no carryover of chlorpyrifos from treated setts into the seed yams. There may also be potential to significantly reduce pesticide concentration in the dip, although this requires further research before a new recommendation can be developed.

PIDGIN ENGLISH FUNCTIONING IN NIGERIA

Цель. В статье выявляются особенности функционирования пиджина английского языка, распространенного на территории Нигерии. Автор анализирует ключевые исторические факторы, оказавшие влияние на процесс формирования и развития Нигерийского пиджина. Согласно исследованию, исторически сложившаяся этническая, культурная близость с соседними народами, схожесть экономических и социальных систем основных этнических групп, Хауса, Йоруба, Игбо, оказали влияние на образование уникальной гибридной языковой системы – Нигерийского пиджина (НП), сочетающего в себе лингвистические особенности и черты европейских языков и фонетику, лексику, грамматику основных языков коренных народов Нигерии.Метод или методология проведения работы. В ходе работы автор использует эмпирические методы, где происходит анализ внешних взаимоотношений одних объектов с другими и выявляются общие и различные свойства, и теоретические методы, при которых происходит процесс обработки информации.Результаты. Результаты работы отражены в теоретических и практических исследованиях автора по изучению исторических, лингвистических и культурных особенностей функционирования НП в Нигерии и выявлению его основных характеристик.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применимы в разделах контактной лингвистике, языковой вариативности, исследованиях, посвященных теоретическим вопросам языков Западной Африки.

Determination of Active Protection Measures against Fire in Wuse Market of the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria

Fire outbreak is the leading cause of lives and properties loss in Nigerian markets. In order to reduce this problem, a study was conducted on Wuse market of the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria with the aim of determining the active protection measures against fire in the market, in order to generate guidelines that can reduce the occurrences of fire outbreaks in Nigerian markets. Systematic sampling method was applied at every 5th interval of sales points for the purpose of getting the sample size for this study; this led to the selection of 419 sales points out of the 2,091 sales points in the market. The instruments that were used to collect the primary research data are questionnaires, focus group discussions, interview questions, discussions and direct observation schedule. The secondary research data were obtained from the reviews of the relevant literature on fire outbreaks in markets and other public buildings; other fire related issues in and outside Nigeria. Among the research findings are: the use of substandard fire extinguishers causes rapid spread of fires in the market; there are buildings in the market without front verandahs or corridors for mounting fire protection devices on their walls. Among the recommended guidelines are: the government of Nigeria should ban the use of substandard fire extinguishers in markets; floors of the lock-up shops in markets must be designed to have front verandahs/corridors and their inner walls should be appropriately used as the locations where the required wall mountable fire protection devices shall be fixed upon.

Findings from a Windshield Survey Conducted in an Internally Displaced Community in Nigeria

Introduction: Civil unrest in the north-eastern part of Nigeria has led to displacement of populations and this has resulted in many negative health implications for the displaced persons. Internally displaced persons (IDP) often have poorer health outcomes than the general population due to limited access to health services and other basic amenities. Globally, Nigeria is among the countries with huge health inequalities resulting from unequal access to health services. This contextual issue is reflected in the living conditions of internally displaced populations in the country. A windshield survey was conducted in one of such IDP camps located in Kuchingoro, a central location in the federal capital territory of Nigeria, to describe the living conditions of the occupants and the implication for health outcomes. Objective: This article highlights the health issues faced by the internally displaced persons living in Kuchingoro, Abuja. This population was chosen because of the large size of the IDP camp and its strategic location in the federal capital territory of Nigeria. Conclusion: People living in the IDP camp of Kuchingoro are exposed to myriads of health issues as a result of poor access to clean water, hygiene facilities, foods with nutritional value and health services. The poor sanitary conditions of the camp often result in cholera outbreaks and other health issues. Women, the elderly and the very young are the most vulnerable to poor health outcomes as identified by the survey. Efforts should be made to improve the daily living conditions of the dwellers of the Kuchingoro IDP camp with particular emphasis on water, sanitation and hygiene and the provision of accessible and good quality health services. Government should also ensure the creation of employment opportunities towards empowering the occupants to improve their quality of life.

Nigeria's military failure against the Boko Haram insurgency

ABSTRACTThis article attempts to explain the apparent failure of Nigeria's military action against the Boko Haram (roughly translated as ‘Western education is prohibited’) insurgency in the north-east of the country. Until the involvement of troops from Chad and Niger in January 2015, the Boko Haram insurgents were succeeding in their effort to establish, or rather consolidate, an extreme version of the ‘Islamic state’ in parts of north-east Nigeria. For over five years, the military struggled to defend the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Nigeria against Boko Haram, with little success. The war opened a Pandora's box, exposing a deep crisis in the military and the civilian leadership in Nigeria. The Boko Haram insurgents were able to fly the flag of their ‘state’ in the territory of Nigeria. This article argues that the failure of the military action can be attributed to three factors: the erosion of military professionalism under civilian administrations since 1999; the poor handling of the war by the top military officers; and a lack of decisiveness in the leadership of President Jonathan and the military to end the insurgency.

The influence of project team relationships on cost growth

Purpose – Using projects executed with both traditional and integrated procurement methods, the study sought to investigate relationships that exist among project participants and the influence of those relationships on cost growth. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Questionnaires were administered among 274 construction projects located in 12 states including the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria. Responses were obtained from 96 projects. Data were subjected to both descriptive and inferential analyses. Findings – In terms of cordiality, relationships between client and contractors ranked highest, while those among in-house project teams ranked lowest. Cost growth or cost overrun is significantly correlated with client-contractor relationship, consultant-contractor relationship, client-consultant-contractor relationship and in-house team relationships. No association between procurement method and cost growth was found. Research limitations/implications – The limitation of generalizability of results due to the sampling method used is acknowledged. One implication of the findings is that in the context of this research, any explanation for cost growth has to be found outside procurement methods. Practical implications – Findings may assist project participants on variables to consider in anticipating, preventing or managing cost growth in building construction projects, beyond formularization of contracts and structures. Originality/value – The research has uniquely investigated the association between intangible project team relationships and tangible variable of cost growth.

The impact of electronic land administration on urban housing development: The case study of the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria

This paper evaluates the impact of electronic land administration as an e-government policy initiative in Nigeria. It analyses conceptually the differences between the expected and actual value of Abuja Geographic Information Systems (AGIS)—an e-land administration project—on urbanisation in Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Nigeria. The AGIS case study reveals that differences between the expected and actual value of strengthening the state’s financial capacity are low. The differences are medium for enhancing access to and security of credit, and improvement of land use planning and environmental management and high for the promotion of popular participation. The elicited differences are traceable to hindrances inscribed in Land Use and National Housing Acts, to inequitable access to land, inconsistent resettlement policy, poor community participation and financial misconduct. The findings suggest the need to pay attention to provisions through which e-government can support the reduction of country specific problems, improve the quality of institutions and to promote urbanisation, thereby increasing social welfare as well as participation by the people in promoting suitable and adequate shelter for all citizens.

Avian Influenza and Employment Decisions of Poultry Farmers in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria

The outbreak of Avian Influenza in Nigeria has led to job losses, health problems, reduction in expected income of poultry farmers and a decrease in the demand for poultry products. This study was designed to determine the monetary value of stock lost, identify the determinants of the future employment decisions and the constraints faced by poultry farmers in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria. Data for the study was collected from 40 poultry farmers who have suffered losses due to the outbreak of the disease. The total monetary value of the stock lost in the study area as at 2007 was N142, 741, 000. 45% of the respondents have abandoned poultry production while 32.5% have reduced the size of their poultry business. Furthermore, only 22.5% have restarted their poultry business without reducing the quantity of the initial stock before the outbreak of the disease. The determinants of the decision to abandon were; amount of compensation received, educational level of the poultry farmer and total number of stock lost. The factors influencing the decision to reduce the scale of operation were; level of education of the farmer, years of experience in poultry production and the amount of compensation received from government. The post Avian Influenza outbreak constraints faced by the farmers were; inadequate compensation, low patronage by customers and low level of accessibility to agricultural credit institutions.

The effect of organizational development on the Nigerian economy

Any organization whether private or public in which its systems are static cannot develop effectively and would not meet its competitive relevance in the market place. Hence organizational development is rooted on the theory of change management. This paper examines the effect of organizational development on the Nigerian economy with critical analysis of the current reform programmes articulated by the Obasanjo administration. The methodology used in the study was a selection of 200 respondents from government ministries and reputable banks in five states including Abuja the federal capital territory of Nigeria. Questionnaires were administered to the respondents using simple random sampling technique. The analysis of the results shows that the reform programmes have not been able to adequately address the problems that directly affect the Nigerian populace An analysis of the study shows that the reform programmes have not been able to adequately address the problems that directly affect the Nigerian populace The study recommends that, proper measure to prosecute corrupt officials and leaders should be put in place to reform the lives of leaders through attitudinal reforms before structural reforms or change can be articulated. Similarly, both private and public sector change programmes should be directed to carry the people in the entire system or organization along. And the change process should be constantly or on a continuous basis reviewed by the people and the change agents. Key words: Change management, reforms, organisational development, culture change, economic programmes and policy thrusts.

Determinants Of Profitability And Willingness To Pay For Metropolitan Waste-Use In Urban Agriculture Of The Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria

The study attempts to analyse the profitability of urban agriculture using metropolitan organic waste in Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria. The results show that the enterprise is profitable, and that output price is the most important determinant of maximum variable profit. Other price factors, specifically planting materials, labour, and metropolitan waste (organic manure) were not significant. Further analysis shows that level of education, age of farmers, per capita farm income, and household size are important determinants of choice of urban agriculture for food security and improvement of environmental quality. The chances of farmers willing to pay for urban agriculture will increase when their level of education and per capita income increase, while the chances of not willing to pay for such venture will increase when their ages and household size increase. The creation of more market outlets for urban produced foods is recommended, among others. Agro-Science Vol. 7 (1) 2008: pp. 41-46

Survey of onchocerciasis within the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria between 1981 and 1982.

The distribution and extent of onchocerciasis and its vector are formidable in Nigeria. Breeding checks against the blackfly vector have been extended to all parts of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) since 1977. There have been some problems with reinfection from regions not benefitting from a control program. Recently a new factor has been introduced: an influx of workers from other regions. This survey covered 17 randomly-selected settlements in the FCT and was carried out between August 1981 and November 1982. This report deals with the 243 children 1-18 who were among the villagers surveyed. The ratio of boys to girls was 1.5:1. 98% of the children had a skin biopsy taken using Walsers corneo-scleral punch and specimens were laboratory-tested. The diagnosis of onchocerciasis was based on the finding of the characteristic microfilariae (mf) of O. volvulus in the specimen. None of the children were found to have impaired vision. 1 of the children (10 years old) had onchocercal nodule. 3 were positive for onchocerciasis: 2 boys about 5 and 1 girl about 16. Despite the absence of standardized rates age and sex patterns of settlements or villages surveyed since 1977 a 1977 study of settlements close to vector breeding sites found a 62% infection rate among 116 subjects while a 1978-1980 study reported a 25% rate among 1178 subjects. A reduction in infection rate from 1956-1977 was not unexpected but neither mass chemotherapy nor change of insecticide justify the marked reduction in infection in man. A masive influx of apparently healthy people into the FCT from various areas within and outside Nigeria may be partly responsible.

The definition of investment and the ICSID convention: matters arising under the Nigerian investment promotion act and international investment law

This article contends that the omission to define investment in the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States (the ICSID Convention) has a trickledown effect on the Nigerian Investment Promotion Act (the NIPC Act), in the context of investment treaty law and arbitration. Its greatest impact is the relegation of the contribution to economic development element of the definition of “investment” to a backseat contrary to the purpose of the ICSID Convention. This article proposes a simple thesis: the omission to define investment in the ICSID Convention has fostered an amorphous definition of investment under the NIPC Act, thus creating uncertainty, irrelevance and ambiguity. The uncertainty is a potential problem in the conduct of foreign direct investment under the ICSID Convention. The article recommends a review of the definition of “investment” under the Act and the adoption of a definition that restricts foreign investment within the territory of Nigeria and makes acontribution to economic development its core element in line with the fundamental objective of the ICSID Convention.Keywords: Nigerian Investment Promotion Act, Law and Development, Investment Law and ICSID Arbitration

Nigeria's "Marginal Men"

T HE British colonial territory of Nigeria is undergoing rapid change today.2 There is a continued influx from the countryside into the urban areas; towns are springing up and cities are expanding. The means of communication, though limited, are being improved steadily, and the approach to independence has stimulated political activity to the point where it dominates the life of the country. This state of flux has had an immense influence on the people, especially in the cities where the urban masses and their leaders have come into a larger measure of control within the framework of British final authority.3 It shows itself in increased activity among political parties; in the firmly resisting attitudes of strking students at the Nation's only University College at Ibadan; in the recurring labor troubles; in a novel and daring pronouncement of a positive change for the better in the status of women by a regional premier; in the conflict over reorganization of the Eastern Regional educational structure to provide for the first time free primary education, and in the reglious conflict between Protestant and Catholic over this program; in the fight among traditional leaders over accession to traditional offices; the need for appointment of various inquiry and investigating commissions to examine all sorts of questions minorities' fears of discrimination, creation of more states, election redistricting, political corruption, political accusations and threats of party repression, and so on. All this helps to reveal in part that Nigeria is beginning to enter a phase of her history that will pick up in tempo as time passes, she experiences the impact of more and more ideas from the outside, and reaches out to find a new system to fit her to her new and expectant role as an autonomous member in the comity of nations.

Nigeria--Largest Remaining British Colony

C HANGING political and economic conditions during the past decade have brought about a revolution in the role and status of the British colonies in Tropical Africa. With the attainment of Dominion status by Indian, Pakistan, and Ceylon, and with the secession of Burma, the hitherto largely neglected African dependencies became, almost overnight, the most important colonial territories remaining in the Empire, territories whose agricultural and mineral exports are playing a vital role in the economy of the sterling area and whose strategic significance has been underlined by recent developments in the Middle East. The old fable of the Ugly Duckling comes inevitably to mind. Outstanding in this new colonial pattern is the territory of Nigeria. Its 372,000 square miles represent one quarter of the area of British Tropical Africa, its population of 25 million almost one-half of the population. Its economic potential is sufficiently indicated by the fact that alone it accounts for one-half of the world's palm oil exports, two-fifths of the groundnuts (peanuts), one-sixth of the cacao, and one-eight of the tin. It is the aim of this paper to sketch in broad outline the essential features in the human and economic geography of this largest remaining colonial dependency of Britain. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS'