Territorial Area Research Articles

University, city and territory. The Magrone Barracks as a new Innovation Park

Universities not only play the role of social elevator but also stand as a development engine for the Territories hosting them, through synergies between institutions and businesses. The Innovation Park project at the former Magrone Barracks is an innovative example of management and rehabilitation of abandoned state-owned property for creating a fragment of Bari’s urban landscape by expressing common values in which the University, the City and extended territorial areas can recognise themselves. There is a need for a paradigm shift in the interpretation of the design of these facilities, which can become genuine integrated “urban factories”, Community Hubs capable of offering new spaces for the urban fabric, attracting talent and generating businesses.

Hierarchical Analysis of Miombo Woodland Spatial Dynamics in Lualaba Province (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 1990–2024: Integrating Remote Sensing and Landscape Ecology Techniques

Lualaba Province, located in the southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), consists of five territories with varied dominant land uses: agriculture (Dilolo, Kapanga, and Musumba in the west) and mining (Mutshatsha and Lubudi in the east). The province also includes protected areas with significant governance challenges. The tropical dry forests that cover the unique Miombo woodland of Lualaba are threatened by deforestation, which poses risks to biodiversity and local livelihoods that depend on these forests for agriculture and forestry. To quantify the spatio-temporal dynamics of Lualaba’s landscape, we utilized Landsat images from 1990 to 2024, supported by a Random Forest Classifier. Landscape metrics were calculated at multiple hierarchical levels: province, territory, and protected areas. A key contribution of this work is its identification of pronounced deforestation trends in the unique Miombo woodlands, where the overall woodland cover has declined dramatically from 62.9% to less than 25%. This is coupled with a marked increase in landscape fragmentation, isolation of remaining woodland patches, and a shift toward more heterogeneous land use patterns, as evidenced by the Shannon diversity index. Unlike previous research, our study distinguishes between the dynamics in agricultural territories—which are particularly vulnerable to deforestation—and those in mining areas, where Miombo forest cover remains more intact but is still under threat. This nuanced distinction between land use types offers critical insights into the differential impacts of economic activities on the landscape. Our study also uncovers significant deforestation within protected areas, underscoring the failure of current governance structures to safeguard these critical ecosystems. This comprehensive analysis offers a novel contribution to the literature by linking the spatial patterns of deforestation to both agricultural and mining pressures while simultaneously highlighting the governance challenges that exacerbate landscape transformation. Lualaba’s Miombo woodlands are at a critical juncture, and without urgent, coordinated intervention from local and international stakeholders, the ecological and socio-economic foundations of the region will be irreversibly compromised. Urgent action is needed to implement land conservation policies, promote sustainable agricultural practices, strengthen Miombo woodland regulation enforcement, and actively support protected areas.

Quantitative Assessments of the Liquefaction Hazard of Soils considering Possible Strong Earthquakes in Seismically Active Regions of Russia

Introduction The seismogenic liquefaction of the soil poses a great hazard to society and the environment. Therefore, it is actively studied in many countries. In Russian engineering and seismological practice, this area is not sufficiently developed. The deterministic approach still prevails in Russian research on this topic. More modern probabilistic estimates are very rare. Methods This paper describes examples of both deterministic and probabilistic assessments of the seismogenic liquefaction hazard performed in certain areas of the Russian territory with different seismogeological conditions. Deterministic estimates were made using the Iwasaki-Seed-Finn methods and their modifications. Probability distribution functions of a random variable, the “seismic potential of liquefaction” (SPL), were developed for probabilistic estimates. These functions are regional in nature and take into account two types of uncertainties. The first is the uncertainty in achieving “critical” values by the SPL value in the event of potentially dangerous earthquake sources for a given location. The second is the uncertainty in the very occurrence of these sources in a given place for a given period of time. The “critical” SPL values are determined by the strength properties of the site soils. All estimates are based on multivariate calculations using various models of strong ground motions and seismicity. In all cases, the probability of liquefaction of water-saturated sandy and sandy-loam deposits was estimated which were found near the seabed and at depths of up to 80 m in the waters of Pogibi cape (the coast of Sakhalin island), in the districts of Sochi and Novorossiysk, as well as in land conditions (Stavropol, Krasnodar). Results The results of the research made it possible to correctly (at the quantitative level) take into account this component of the seismic hazard of the studied territories. Conclusion The variants of practical use of the obtained data are offered. An assessment of the possibilities and limitations of the developed methodology is made, and ways to improve it are outlined.

Exploring the impact of digitization of heritage buildings in promoting a sustainable tourism development strategy: a case study of Touat hotel of Adrar, Algeria

The digitization of built heritage in the Touat region of Adrar, Algeria, represents a crucial intersection between cultural preservation and sustainable tourism. In particular, this paper investigates the effects of these digitization attempts on safeguarding the cultural heritage of the region, while it discusses also about integrating technology into tourism strategies. The study situates its analysis within the unique geographical and cultural context of the Touat region, especially Touat hotel, stressing the role of sustainable tourism in supporting the local economy while preserving its rich cultural assets. Using the case of the this hotel, testing challenges and opportunities around digital heritage with respect to sustainable tourism in such a broader territorial area are shown. The study underscores the need for continued financing of digital technologies and interdisciplinary coordination, if cultural heritage is to be successfully preserved and promoted. The objectives of the study are clearly outlined, addressing key themes such as the role of digitization in heritage preservation, the challenges faced in this process, and the opportunities it presents for sustainable tourism development strategy. The findings culminate in actionable recommendations aimed at enhancing the sustainability of heritage sites through digital innovation. This work sets the stage for a detailed exploration of how digitization can be leveraged to ensure the long-term sustainability of heritage buildings in this region.

Weakening of the state by occupying more lands: evidence from the Five Dynasties

Can wars truly build states and rationalize their structures? This study focuses on the administrative origin of state-building and finds historical evidence that seems contrary to the idea of "war-making states". As states acquire more territory, they become increasingly vulnerable to setbacks in subsequent military activities, even when facing state failure or demise. Drawing upon geospatial data spanning from 906 to 969 AD during Chinas Five Dynasties and utilizing a difference-in-differences method, our study reveals that (1) states did not progressively expand in size due to continuous warfare, and (2) larger territorial acquisitions were associated with decreased probabilities of state survival, as expanding net territorial areas corresponded to higher likelihoods of state failure in the following years. (3) The relationship between civilian and military systems within a state profoundly impacts the validity of the "war-making states" hypothesis. This study highlights that war makes states more susceptible to collapse if the military system dominates the civilian bureaucracy. Conversely, if the civilian system controls the military and forms a centralized regime, the "war-making states" hypothesis holds true. These findings revise the prevailing hypothesis of "war-making states" in historical sociology, showing that the "war-making states" hypothesis depends on a specific political structure and bureaucratic system.

Application of artificial neural network for description of the Earth remote sensing data to identify natural habitats used by European elk, Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758), in autumn-winter period 2023

The paper presents the results of using neural networks of pixel-by-pixel image classification to decipher multichannel space images obtained by the Landsat 8 satellite. Natural habitats were identified based on differences in phytocenotic characteristics of land areas. The level of use of areas by elk was determined by the occurrence of elk presence indicators, which were the density of winter excrement piles (in spring) and the abundance of winged forms of the monoxenous ectoparasite of elk, Lipoptena cervi (Linnaeus, 1758), as measured by the number of individuals attacking the census taker (in the summer-autumn period). The material that forms the basis for deciphering was obtained by the route census method in different areas of the Leningrad Province. High values of the measured parameters were recorded in reforestation areas, in wet pine and birch forests, in aspen forests, on the edges of raised bogs and in overgrown fields – typical elk winter feeding habitats. Based on the data on the maximum values of the measured parameters, a positive correlation was established for the first time between the abundance of winged forms of L. cervi and the physiological activity of the host (the density of the piles of “winter” excrement). The paper also provides a valid reference to the material of schematic maps developed for a part of the territory of the Leningrad Province and Saint Petersburg. The scheme of the use of areas by elk is compiled on the basis of the relative index calculated from the measured parameters of the survey. Field observation areas and territories close to them were most reliably identified (90–95% accuracy). For areas not covered by field observations, the paper provides comments on the main inaccuracies of the schemes and the reasons for the identified discrepancies, based on an analysis of literary sources devoted to similar research topics. The results of the study indicate that the frequency of attacks of winged forms of L. cervi can be used as an additional criterion for assessing the stationary preferences of elk in the winter period using information on the period of active flight, and the decoding method mentioned in the paper can be used in limited areas of specific territories, including reserves, areas of hunting farms and district forestries.

Genetic diversity, population structure and ecological niche modeling of Thyrinteina arnobia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), a native Eucalyptus pest in Brazil

Thyrinteina arnobia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is a native American species. Despite its historical importance as an insect pest in Eucalyptus plantations, more information is needed regarding the population diversity, demography, and climatic variables associated with its distribution in different regions of Brazil. We used a phylogeographic approach to infer the genetic diversity, genetic structure, and demographic parameters of T. arnobia. We also conducted an ecological niche modeling (ENM) to predict suitable areas for T. arnobia occurrence in Brazil and other countries worldwide. Although T. arnobia populations have low genetic diversity in Brazil, we identified mitochondrial haplogroups predominating in different Brazilian regions and high ФST and ФCT values in AMOVA, suggesting a low frequency of insect movement among these regions. These results indicate that outbreaks of T. arnobia in Eucalyptus areas in different regions of Brazil are associated with local or regional populations, with no significant contribution from long-distance dispersal from different regions or biomes, suggesting that pest management strategies would be implemented on a regional scale. In Brazil, the demographic and spatial expansion signals of T. arnobia seem to be associated with the history of geographical expansion of Eucalyptus plantations, a new sustainable host for this species. ENM indicated that isothermality and annual rainfall are critical climatic factors for the occurrence of T. arnobia in tropical and subtropical areas in the Americas. ENM also suggested that T. arnobia is a potential pest in Eucalyptus areas in all Brazilian territory and in regions from Africa, Asia, and Oceania.

Scorecard Approach to Eliminate Onchocerciasis in Venezuela.

In the Americas, onchocerciasis has been eliminated in 11 of 13 endemic foci by mass administration of ivermectin. The remaining at-risk population resides in a contiguous cross-border transmission zone located in the Amazon jungle in northwest Brazil and southern Venezuela, known as the Yanomami Focus Area. Here, we describe the development and implementation of a data-driven tool, called the Scorecard Approach (SCA), for the 393 communities that comprise the Venezuela South Focus. The SCA was first applied in 2018 and is reassessed on an annual basis. This operational strategy seeks to prioritize communities with low ivermectin coverage while taking into account the nature and variation of other epidemiological and logistical variables. Numeric scores are assigned for each factor and added together to yield a composite score for each community that is categorized as high, medium, or low priority. In this way, the SCA serves as a valuable and comprehensive strategy for planning, monitoring, and maximizing programmatic efficiency. In addition, it has allowed the country to face the main challenges of this endemic area: its remoteness, its large areas of territory to cover, the semi-nomadic nature of the Yanomami people, and their continuous cross-border movements. For 2022, the SCA categorized 54 (13.7%), 108 (27.5%), and 231 (58.8%) communities as high, medium, and low priority, respectively. The results presented here show that prioritizing communities at risk and with greatest needs increases the feasibility of interrupting the transmission of onchocerciasis by 2025 in the last endemic focus in the Americas.

The recognition and optimization study on the dominant agricultural space in Cangzhou based on the suitability evaluation of agricultural production

Agricultural spatial division and suggestions for the optimization of the partition space were obtained by constructing a recognition system of the dominant agricultural space. The prerequisite was to master natural economic development in agriculture. It was vital to maintain national food security and promote healthy and sustainable agriculture. The suitability evaluation of agricultural production and the dominance evaluation of agricultural development were incorporated to recognize the dominant agricultural space in Cangzhou, Hebei, China in 2020. Besides, priority scenarios were set, e.g., economic development, low-carbon protection, and coordinated development of a low-carbon economy. The NSGA-II genetic algorithm model was used to optimize the quantitative structure of cultivated lands in the agricultural space of Cangzhou in three scenarios in 2030. The research results are as follows: (1) Cangzhou had the largest number of general suitable areas for agricultural production in 2020, accounting for 27.04%; suitable areas were the least, accounting for 10.99%. The proportion of current cultivated lands in unsuitable agricultural production areas still stood at 11.26%; (2) The dominance of agricultural development in 2020 in Cangzhou was mainly at Tier III, accounting for 33.60% with the general dominance of agricultural development; (3) The total area of the dominant agricultural space in Cangzhou was 238208.75 hm2, accounting for 16.72% of the national territorial area of Cangzhou. It included 35 villages and towns beyond ecological red lines, mainly distributed in the western part of Cangzhou; (4) The agricultural space of Cangzhou in 2030, optimized by the multi-objective NSGA-II genetic algorithm model, exhibited decreased cultivated lands across three scenarios. The total amount of cultivated lands was the largest under the priority scenario of economic development, and that was the smallest under the priority scenario of coordinated development of a low-carbon economy. Meanwhile, agricultural economic benefits and carbon emission density were reduced under three scenarios. The benefits and density were moderate under the coordinated development of low carbon and economy. The work provides a reference for further formulating and improving the policies of the agricultural space in various regions.

Assessment of the Area of Сontaminated Territory Near Facilities of Accumulated Environmental Damage

An approach is presented to assessing the area of territory where the environment is subject to negative impacts due to the location of a facility of Accumulated Negative Impact on Environment (ANIE) using geostatistical methods (methods of the kriging "family"). The results of calculating the area of the ANIE facility on the adjacent territory using the developed algorithm using the Python software product are presented. Based on the results of the analysis of the negative impact of 20 ANIE facilities, it was concluded that the area of influence of the ANIE facility on the adjacent territory exceeds the area of the ANIE facilty by an average of 16.5 times.

Continuum topological derivative - A novel application tool for segmentation of CT and MRI images

IntroductionComputed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are essential tools for unraveling anatomical and tissue properties, particularly in the head and brain. CT provides high-contrast images, particularly valuable in cases such as cerebral bleeds, and also aids in estimating cranial deformities and organ shape deviations. MRI, on the other hand, offers excellent imaging of cerebral artery regions, allowing analysis of various cerebral pathologies through different sequences. Beyond detecting common head and brain disorders, these modalities play a crucial role in identifying abnormalities in orbits, middle cerebral artery territories, brain ventricles, soft tissues, and bones. A unique aspect of brain MRI is its ability to produce multiplanar brain assessments. Both head/brain CT and MRI are invaluable for studying haemorrhage cases, with segmentation of affected areas providing detailed images for further analysis. This study explores the application of a novel mathematical technique, continuum topological derivative (CTD), for CT and MR image segmentation. MethodsThe initial stage of Continuum Topological Derivative (CTD) segmentation involves preprocessing CT and MR images due to their susceptibility to inherent noises, such as quantum mottle, and Gaussian and Rayleigh noises, respectively. In this study, we have implemented the CTD denoising algorithm to produce denoised CT/MR images, serving as ground truth for subsequent segmentation steps. Validation of the denoised CTD CT/MR images was conducted through minimal residual value computation across all case studies. Following this, segmentation of the region of interest was performed using the CTD technique, with comparisons made against Discrete Topological Derivatives (DTD), k-mean clustering and Adaptive Threshold methods. Evaluation of the proposed CTD algorithm's effectiveness in segmentation involved calculating performance metrics such as Jaccard and dice indices to assess spatial overlap of segmented images. ResultsThe CTD technique yields excellent segmentation results, not only for the delineated region of interest but also for volume-based cerebral blood areas and anomalies in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and its territorial areas, which are substantiated through performance metrics and visual inspection by trained radiologist. This aids in determining the severity of stroke in affected patients. Additionally, a unique attempt is made to apply CTD to Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) images of the lungs for precise estimation of the breathing cycle. CTD successfully generates standardized images, demonstrating attenuation and density characteristics for cerebral cisterns, arteries, and ventricles. DiscussionThe denoised images obtained through CTD facilitate thorough analysis of both normal and pathological conditions, providing radiologists with enhanced capabilities to identify subtle details, particularly in areas such as abnormal cerebral artery territories, haemorrhage cases, cisterns, ventricles and arteries. Results clearly demonstrate that the combination of CTD denoising and segmentation outperforms the other three established methods in terms of both efficiency and accuracy in delineating diseased or affected areas, as evidenced by the various case studies conducted in this research. In summary, the proposed CTD method aims to delineate boundaries and contours of the region of interest, facilitating precise estimation of size and shape for accurate detection of the extent of diseased or affected areas.

Indicators of social inequalities associated with cancer mortality in Brazilian adults: scoping review.

The objective of this study was to identify indicators of social inequalities associated with mortality from neoplasms in the Brazilian adult population. A scoping review method was used, establishing the guiding question: What is the effect of social inequalities on mortality from neoplasms in the Brazilian adult population? A total of 567 papers were identified, 22 of which were considered eligible. A variety of indicators were identified, such as the Human Development Index and the Gini Index, which primarily assessed differences in income, schooling, human development and vulnerability. A single pattern of association between the indicators and the different neoplasms was not established, nor was a single indicator capable of explaining the effect of social inequality at all levels of territorial area and by deaths from all types of neoplasms identified. It is known that mortality is influenced by social inequalities and that the study of indicators provides an opportunity to define which best explains deaths. This review highlights important gaps regarding the use of non-modifiable social indicators, analysis of small geographical areas, and limited use of multidimensional indicators.

China's onshore wind energy potential in the context of climate change

China has great potential for developing renewable energy to achieve its carbon neutrality goals. Orderly development of renewable energy is essential to enhance resource utilization efficiency and ensure safety during the energy system transition process. This study presents a thorough assessment of China's onshore wind power potential by considering the land suitability, the potential and temporal characteristics, and the impacts of climate change. The high-resolution maps combining wind resources with land conditions and climate scenarios are produced to provide insights into system planning, grid integration, and flexibility management. The results show that the capacity potential of onshore wind energy in China is 9.6 TW with an annual generation of 12.6 PWh, and 83 % of total capacity has a cost advantage with the levelized cost lower than the 60 $/MWh threshold. By comprehensively considering geographical, economic, and social criteria, around 8.1 % of the national territorial area is identified as the most suitable area for wind power development, primarily in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang. The annual electricity generation from these areas can fulfill nearly 69 % of the nation's electricity demand. Future climate change projections indicate a remarkable generalized drop by 18 % in the north and a slight increase by 7 % in the south under the RCP 8.5 scenario. However, significant changes in wind resources are mostly within restricted areas, suggesting that future climate change would like to bring negative but limited impacts on wind power production in China.

Architecture Competitions as an Opportunity for Young Women Architects. The Case of the Competition for Rural Subsidised Housing and the Canarian Magüi González, 1981-85

The Spanish democratic transition (1975-1982) was a time when architecture competitions with open and anonymous participation gradually began to appear, a phenomenon that coincided with the progressive incorporation of women architects into the discipline. The first part of this article analyses the situation of these competitions by studying their repercussions in 16 Spanish professional architectural journals belonging to both consolidated and emerging Spanish Architects’ Associations. The participation of women architects is also analysed in order to assess whether these competitions were a source of professional opportunities for them. In the second section, the article studies the Competition for Architectural Solutions for Officially Subsidised Single-Family Housing in Rural Areas (1981-83), a nationwide call with the most significant participation of architecture professionals (more than 1.000) and with a notable number of selected proposals by women architects. This study shows that women architects working in peripheral areas of the Spanish territory had a special presence in this competition, with the Canary Islands being the most remarkable case, for both the good results of its female participants and its ultra-peripheral location. Among the participating women architects, Magüi González stands out for the quality of her proposal and for being the only female professional who eventually obtained a commission from this competition. Finally, the investigation focuses, from a compositional, constructive and design culture perspective, on González’s final built project: 30 dwellings in Juan Grande in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (1983-85), which was, indeed, her opera prima and was eventually awarded an important regional architecture prize.

Techno-productive experiences for climate action in Argentina: Insights from renewable energy projects

The main purpose of this research is to analyze techno-productive experiences within the framework of renewable energy projects based on the use and exploitation of solar energy in a region defined by favorable bioclimatic conditions. Following a primarily qualitative method, the research has been based on four case studies of working groups and their experiences. Stakeholders from diverse origin and background, interested in developing their technologies (processes, inputs, components, equipment) for the use of solar energy have managed to enhance the links among such developments, the productive sector and the communities in the territorial area where they carry out their activities. As a possible path of sociotechnical transition, these specific processes materialize energy transition with the progressive change of production and consumption patterns in favor of climate action.

First stroke incidence, causes, treatments, and outcomes for Aboriginal Peoples in South Australia and the Northern Territory: a pilot prospective study.

We performed a pilot stroke incidence study, focused on feasibility and inclusion of the CONSIDER reporting guidelines, to model the design of a future population-based study aiming to definitively determine stroke incidence, antecedents, treatment, and outcomes. Prospective stroke incidence study (pilot study). All people aged 15 years or older who lived in postcode-defined areas of South Australia and Northern Territory (885 472 people, including 45 127 Aboriginal people [5.1%]) diagnosed with stroke for the first time during 1 October - 31 December 2015 and admitted to public hospitals or stroke and transient ischaemic attack clinics. Feasibility of a prospective population-based stroke incidence study. Of the 123 participants with first strokes, ten were Aboriginal (8%); the median age of Aboriginal people was 45 years (interquartile range [IQR], 33-55 years), of non-Indigenous people 73 years (IQR, 62-84 years). For Aboriginal people, the age-standardised incidence of stroke was 104 (95% confidence interval [CI], 84-124) per 100 000 person-years, for non-Indigenous people 33 (95% CI, 22-44) per 100 000 person-years. We found that a prospective population-based stroke incidence study in Aboriginal people was feasible, including with respect to establishing an adequate sample size, diagnostic confirmation, identification of incident stroke, confirming stroke subtypes, establishing a stable statistical population, standardising data reporting for comparison with other stroke incidence studies, and ethical research reporting that conforms to CONSIDER guidelines. A larger, population-based study of the incidence of stroke in Aboriginal people is both feasible and needed to provide robust estimates of stroke incidence, antecedents, treatments and outcomes to help guide strategies for reducing the risk of and outcomes of stroke in Aboriginal people.

Multidimensional statistical analysis of social inequalities in Italy

The analysis of social inequalities is a topic of current interest and is studied as a factor in the evolution and measurement of the level of well-being. A fundamental prerequisite for a correct statistical analysis of this phenomenon is the need to share a univocal definition of the concept of social inequalities. This work starts from the need to identify territorial areas and/or population subgroups characterized by situations of hardship or strong social exclusion through the construction of indicators that can estimate situations of social inequalities in small areas. Scientific research options have been oriented towards the establishment of a multidimensional approach, sometimes renouncing dichotomous logic to go as far as fuzzy classifications in which each unit simultaneously belongs and does not belong to the selected category. Multidimensional statistical analysis methodologies (TFR method) and Density Based Spatial Clustering methods (DBSCAN) will therefore be used to aggregate adjacent spatial units with high intensity of social inequalities.

GIS-based methodology for tracking the grazing cattle site use

Interest in tracking and monitoring animals in livestock farming using wearable sensors has been steadily increasing. The use of these devices is particularly crucial in extensive livestock systems where direct interaction between animals and farmers is infrequent, necessitating strenuous efforts in long-distance herd monitoring. Internet of Things (IoT) technologies offer a promising solution to address the challenges posed by vast distances, enabling real-time and remote animal monitoring. In this study, an experimental trial was conducted using a custom-designed device, located in a Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) case, specifically tailored to fit onto a collar. This case incorporates an integrated SigFox communication system, i.e., a Low Power Global Positioning System (LP-GPS) omnidirectional system, and a power supply. The trial took place in two grazing areas located in different territorial zones, designated as Case Study I and II. A LP-GPS collar was provided for each selected animal, and the data were recorded at 20-min intervals for Case Study I and 10-min intervals for Case Study II. The acquired data were then imported and analysed using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) software. Information was collected through a purpose-built web application (AppWeb). The objective was to analyze those territorial areas mostly occupied by animals within the two considered grazing areas by developing a GIS-based methodology. Specifically, customized algorithms such as Heatmap and Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) plugins were employed to conduct spatial analyses. The maps obtained through Heatmap plugin, showed the temporal-spatial distribution of animals within their grazing areas. Additionally, the KDE tool was used to classify preferred territorial areas, generating tailored charts for each animal in the sample. The individual Core Areas, determined through KDE evaluation for each animal, were overlaid to provide a comprehensive analysis of the monitored animals.The results achieved applying the GIS-based methodology facilitated the identification of animal positions and could be adopted to provide insights into feeding behavior and soil erosion, thereby aiding in the prevention of environmental issues.

دور تيارات النقل في إبراز المركزية الحضرية وتنظيم المجال الجهوي للمدن حالة مدينة القنيطرة، المغرب

This article aims to highlight the role of transportation streams in enhancing the urban centralization of Kenitra. The study will analyze how the city’s regional area is organized, starting with the first-class taxi transport streams and other forms of transportation such as dual and unrevealed transportation. We will be able to get precise data regarding the number of daily trips made between the city of Kenitra and other locations due to this study. Additionally, it will provide us with a clear understanding of the relationships that exist between the city and the territorial areas and surrounding regions, which enables us to calculate the difference in movement density between the city of Kenitra and the various regions that fall under its area of impact. This study is contemporary because it is one of the few that examined how transportation organized Kenitra's regional area and increased its urban centrality. It is also contemporary because field research was used, which lends scientific validity to the conclusions drawn.

The Impact of Territorial and Demographic Factors on Academic Performance in Public Schools Across Catalonia

Decades-old studies found students in schools from small municipalities academically lagging behind urban peers due to location and economic factors, but recent data reveals some schools in these areas now match or surpass urban school performance gains. For this reason our study examined the influence of territorial and demographic size on academic achievement in public schools in Catalonia. The data for this analysis were obtained from the publicly accessible database of the Department of Education, which contains the results of the assessments of basic skills and knowledge at the end of primary education from 2009 to 2023. Advanced statistical methods were applied to explore the relationship between academic achievement and demographic variables, such as population size and the territorial area of the students’ municipality of residence. The results demonstrated a significant correlation, but of limited magnitude, between territorial size and academic performance in the subjects evaluated.