Territory Of Uzbekistan Research Articles

Current Distribution of the Turkestan White Stork (Ciconia ciconia asiatica) in Kazakhstan

Over the last 100 years, the range of the White Stork Ciconia ciconia asiatica (Linnaeus, 1758) in Kazakhstan has greatly diminished; it has entirely disappeared in its former eastern and northern ranges, while the number of nesting sites has decreased in the remaining part of its habitat. The most recent specialized studies on the distribution of the White Stork here were conducted in the 1980s. Subsequently, ornithologists were only aware of isolated nests, and in the last 15 years, up until recently, in Kazakhstan, there was only one known active nest in the Zhambyl region. To clarify the current distribution of the White Stork in Kazakhstan, we conducted field research during the breeding season in places of its former distribution in the Zhambyl and Turkestan Regions. Nest surveys were conducted by visual observations using binoculars and a camera with a telephoto lens. During the expedition, 43 inhabited nests of the White Stork were found; information about another 4 nests was obtained from data survey and social networks. Analysis of satellite images allowed us to identify 12 nests located on power line pylons in the southern regions of the republic, specifically in the Keles, Zhetisay, and Maktaaral districts. In total, 59 White Stork nests were found in Kazakhstan. In addition, satellite images revealed more than 120 power line pylons with White Stork nests in the territory of Uzbekistan in close proximity to the Kazakhstan border. All literary and electronic sources available to the authors have been meticulously reviewed. By synthesizing these data, two maps were created: one delineating all recorded White Stork nesting sites across Kazakhstan and its neighboring territories, and the other illustrating the known contemporary and historical ranges of the White Stork in Kazakhstan. A cadastral survey accompanies new nest discoveries of the White Stork. Based on the newly acquired data, we conclude that the White Stork population in Kazakhstan is currently on the rise.

Extraction of copper from copper processing plant waste by leaching

On the territory of Uzbekistan, copper is mainly found in chalcopyrite’s and chalcocite’s, the enrichment of copper minerals results in waste and tailings as a result of technological processing. The processes of copper processing plants are complex and are constantly characterized by gradual technological processes. The technology of ore enrichment in its initial state can be enriched in several stages: grinding and crushing, flotation processes, gravitational methods, magnetic separation methods. As a result of technological processes, waste and tailings are formed, i.e. they are very poor and unsuitable for the recycling process. And these wastes harm the environment, accumulate and occupy large areas. An effective technology for extracting metals from waste is the process of leaching in the dump, and the ratio of leaching of sulfuric acid with tailings corresponds according to the technological scheme, that is, T : W = 1 : 15; 1 : 10; 1 : 7,5. The tail analysis was studied, which has a copper content of 0.534%, conducted by experiment after leaching, the amount of copper in the solution formed 1.66%. The copper in the solution turned into a solution 3 times more than in its original form.

Серебряный карась Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) в Чарвакском водохранилище Узбекистана: морфологическая и молекулярно-генетическая характеристика

Morphological variability in response to environmental features is an important feature of alien species, increasing their adaptive capabilities and facilitating naturalization in new habitats. The prussian carp Carassius gibelio is currently very widespread in the world. Much of its current range is believed to be acquired as a result of human activity, with the prussian carp recognized as an invasive species capable of having a significant impact on recipient ecosystems. On the territory of Uzbekistan, prussian carp has been known in the lower reaches of the Syr-Darya and Amu-Darya since the 4th millennium BC, and was also recorded in the first half of the 20th century. However, its numbers were not large. In the 1960s, the Amur form of the prussian carp was introduced into the water bodies of Uzbekistan, as a result of a targeted introduction from the "Savvino" fish farm near Moscow and the accidental import of herbivorous fish with juveniles from the Russian Far East, after which its unauthorized resettlement began with planting material of cultivated cyprinids. In the 1970s, prussian carp found their way into the Charvak Reservoir. This is a mountain cold-water reservoir, formed on the Chirchik River (the right tributary of the Syrdarya River) and is located between the spurs of the Western Tien-Shan. With an area of only 37 km, it has a volume of about 2 km and a depth of more than 50 m. The reservoir is characterized by summer drawdown of the water level used for irrigation in the river valley Chirchik. This causes an almost complete absence of vegetation in the water area of the reservoir. Despite the atypical conditions, the prussian carp formed a self-sustaining population. There is none below the reservoir dam to the middle reaches of the Chirchik River. Indicators of counting characteristics of prussian carp in reservoir are D III-IV 17-19; A II 5-6; 26-30 (average 29) scales in the lateral line; on the first gill arch, 40-53 (on average 48) gill rakers and generally correspond to the characteristics in this climatic zone. Indices of plastic characteristics, both in traditional morphological analysis (see Table 1) and in the analysis of morphometric distances according to the “truss protocol” assessment method (see Table 2), do not have pronounced differences from the indicators of prussian carp living in a lowland reservoir Tudakul and in the fish ponds of the fish hatchery of the Research Institute of Fisheries of Uzbekistan. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the cyt b gene of prussian carp from the Charvak reservoir showed their similarity with samples from the upper reaches of the Yangtze river, China (see Table 3), which proves Far Eastern origin of prussian carp ih the Charvak reservoir. It is likely that it was the prussian carp, brought from the Far East, that ensured the growth in the number of the species in Uzbekistan. The question of the breadth of distribution of the Amur form of prussian carp in the region and the preservation of its native form currently remains open and requires further research using molecular genetic methods. The article contains 2 Figures, 3 Tables and 30 References. The authors are grateful to the directorate of the Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan for creating conditions for the implementation of the planned scope of work. The Authors declare no conflict of interest.

Garden-Park Landscape Architecture and the formation of recreation areas (on the example of the cities of Uzbekistan)

The article is about the history of the formation of the garden park of the historical cities, several local landscapes from history are cited. There is also talk about ancient gardens that have not lost their perfect landscape design over the years. In addition, the article contains information about the history of parks in the territory of Uzbekistan, and their changes and formation over the years have been discussed.

Complex of indicators as basis for assessment of significance of different territories ofuzbekistan for conservation of faunistic diversity of mammals

The article proposes a set of 8 indicators allowing to compare faunal diversity, the degree of its conservation, economic importance and endemism. Through the system of indicators it is possible to assess the importance of different regions of the country for fauna conservation, to develop measures for its protection and sustainable use. The assessment of the importance of different territories of Uzbekistan for the conservation of faunal diversity of mammals is demonstrated on the example of two administrative regions of the country. It is recommended to analyse the current state of the fauna and trends in its changes using a set of indicators on a regular basis and in parallel with fauna monitoring.

Identification of Lamiaceae species in the flora of Uzbekistan using DNA markers

The flora of Uzbekistan is characterized by a high diversity of Lamiaceae and has about 240 species belonging to 40 genera. 30 species of the family Lamiaceae are listed in the Red Book. Rare species require regular monitoring and comprehensive study, both by classical methods and by methods of molecular genetic analysis. This study is aimed at assessment the species diversity of the flora of Uzbekistan using DNA markers. The material for the research was the species of the family Lamiaceae growing on the territory of Uzbekistan. Species identification was performed using two-four-locus combinations of DNA markers (ITS, rbcL, trnL-trnF, matK, psbA-trnH). 76 consensus nucleotide sequences of the ITS region are used for molecular phylogenetic analysis of the family. The phylogenetic relationships of 26 genera grouped into four subfamilies: Nepetoideae, Lamioideae, Scutellarioideae, Ajugoideae are presented based on nucleotide variability.

SOME OPINIONS ON THE ISSUES OF STUDYING GLATIO TOURISM IN UZBEKISTAN

In this article, some ideas on the study of glaciotourism in the mountain glaciers located in the parts of the mountain ranges above 3000 m in the territory of Uzbekistan are highlighted.

STUDYING THE COMPOSITION OF LOCAL RAW MATERIAL SAPONITE MINERAL RICH IN MAGNESIUM OXIDE AND RECOVERING CHLORIDE-CHLORATE FROM IT

One of the saponite sand deposits in the territory of Uzbekistan is Uchtut, located in the Central Kyzylkum plains of the Navoi region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It was determined that the main layer of saponite is 1.7-1.9 m apart in some places, 10-15.0 cm thick (40-60% saponite), and in some places it is in the form of two layers. 15.0-20.0 cm (20-40% saponite). The mineralogical composition of saponite obtained from the Uchtut deposit was studied by chemical, X-ray phase, IR spectroscopic, differential thermal analysis, as well as gamma-spectrometric methods. The main mineral in the deposit is saponite, which is a multi-purpose mineral raw material and has been found to contain high levels of magnesium and calcium. The saponite mineral was roasted in a muffle furnace at different temperatures. The cinder was leached in three different percentage solutions of acid, as a result, magnesium chloride was obtained by roasting the saponite mineral at a temperature of 600-800C, and leached using the hydrocloric acid decomposition method, and in the next step by treating it with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.

Manuscript of the Osman's Quran in the history of the Golden Horde

The article deals with the issue around the list of the Osman's Quran (Mushaf ʻUthman) in the history of the Golden Horde. On the basis of information from the medieval Arabic sources, it is proved that one of the copies of the Osman's Quran was presented to the Golden Horde ruler Berke by the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt Baybars as a sign of friendship and respect for the fact that Berke Khan became a Muslim and spread the traditions of Islam in the territory of the Golden Horde. The history of this list of the Quran is mysterious, and many scientists and religious figures turned to it, as well as the Tatar historian-educator Shihab al-Din al-Marjani. The article is supposed to consider the relationship between the information of the medieval Arab chroniclers and the statements of Sh. Marjani about the authenticity of the copy of the Quran, which is today on the territory of Uzbekistan.

ARRIVAL OF ARABS IN MOVAROUNNAHR AND THEIR PARTICIPATION IN ETHNOCULTURAL PROCESSES

In this article, the unique aspects of the Arab ethno-culture in the territory of Uzbekistan are highlighted, mainly the spread of Islamic culture and the emergence of Islamic religious rituals are highlighted on the basis of historical and scientific literature.

Evolution of the entrepreneurship in Uzbekistan

This article discusses the evolution of entrepreneurship in Uzbekistan based on historical sources. In this regard, a number of factors that played a role in the emergence and development of entrepreneurial activity on the territory of Uzbekistan were studied. The scientific basis of the article is that the author divided the evolutionary development of entrepreneurship into five stages. Also, each stage of entrepreneurial activity in the history of our country is studied separately, their specific historical and economic role is indicated. Also, each stage of entrepreneurial activity in the history of our country is studied separately, their specific historical and economic role is indicated. It also explains the importance of these evolutionary stages of entrepreneurship in the process of creating a national model of a market economy in Uzbekistan at the present time.

Impact of climate change on electrical energy losses in electrical networks

One of the global problems in the world is greenhouse gas emission. There are several reasons for this problem, one of which is electricity. This article provides a brief summary of the current state of electricity waste and analyzes the impact of electricity waste on greenhouse gas emissions, as well as ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the point of view of electricity generation. The situation of greenhouse gas emission in the territory of Uzbekistan and how much of it corresponds to the share of electricity losses is shown.

Water conservation in the reclamation of saline irrigated lands of Uzbekistan

On the territory of Uzbekistan, almost half of the area of irrigated land is subject to salinization, for this reason up to 30 % or more of the crop yield is lost. With a shortage of water resources, which will deepen due to climate change, water-saving technologies must be used not only for irrigation but also for the reclamation of saline soils. The authors have developed a new approach to the regulation of the salt regime and soil reclamation. The conducted experiments have established that the use of the Biosolvent preparation almost doubles the efficiency of washing saline lands, due to the increased leaching of salts. To reduce salinity by 0.1% of the total amount of salts, the water-saving unit costs are 610 m3/ha. Calculation on the basis of field experimental data from 2016 (of established indicators of salt removal when using Biosolvent), shows a reduction of soil washing norm by 3000 m3/ha or by 38 %, at the transition of soils from “strong” degree of salinization to “non-saline”. The study 2020 proved that the application of Biosolvent preparation for the melioration of highly saline gypsum soils, combined with their preliminary deep loosening, allows reducing soil salinity by 5 dS/m, due only to atmospheric precipitation.

Obtaining of highly energy-efficient activated carbons based on wood

The research work established the distinctive features of the composition and properties of local Paulownia woods - raw materials for the production of highly energy-efficient activated adsorbents. The colloidal, physicochemical properties of the obtained adsorbents from Paulownia wood were revealed. The adsorption properties of the developed adsorbents have been established for deep purification of water-alcohol solutions. In the article, research work was carried out on the wooden stems of a number of trees growing in the territory of Uzbekistan. According to the results of the experimental research, the base of raw materials meeting the requirement of being an adsorbent was researched, and their physico-chemical, colloidal properties were studied. It was found that Pavlovnia wood with high density and porosity can meet the requirement to be an adsorbent. In the study, its porosity, moisture level, ash content, and adsorbent productivity were studied. Based on the obtained results, a series of raw materials that can meet the demand of adsorbent was formed.

Creation of forest stands with the use of water-retaining polymeric nano-substances (hydrogels) on the drained bottom of the Aral sea

The Aral problem is of a planetary nature and its solution is possible only through large-scale forest reclamation. Every year, up to 150 million tons of salt, dust and sand rise into the air from the entire dried bottom located on the territory of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan with an area of about 6 million hectares, which rise high into the sky, where they mix with clouds and are carried away to a distance of up to 1000 km. This is the tragedy of the century and it can be solved only by creating forest plantations. The studies were carried out on the sandy loamy plain of the former Rybatsky Bay of the dried bottom of the Aral Sea. In order to increase the germination of seeds of desert plants by increasing soil moisture, work was carried out on an area of 2 hectares. On the dry bottom of the Aral Sea, forest cultivation is difficult due to low rainfall and hot weather. This problem can be solved by introducing water-retaining polymeric nanosubstances into the soil. During the period of shoots in the places where nanosubstances were introduced, soil moisture increased by 1.5-2.2% compared to the control, and the survival rate of seedlings increased by 1.6-3.3%. When studying the effect of nanosubstances on a different range of desert plants, it was revealed that the number of seedlings of saxaul per 100 linear meters was more by 19.1 pcs, cherkez by 17.7 pcs, kandym by 7.5 pcs, Izen by 8.6, chogon by 12.3 and teresken by 13.6 pcs of plants than on control. In the experiment, the survival rate of saxaul and teresken was higher by 28%, and by autumn the mortality of saxaul was 3% and teresken 4%, and in the control, respectively, the mortality was 20 and 9%. The advantage is retained by the water-retaining polymeric nanosubstance produced in Perm. Therefore, in order to obtain abundant seedling shoots from seeds and increase the survival rate of seedlings in the extreme conditions of the dried bottom of the Aral Sea, it is advisable to use polymeric water-retaining nanosubstances.

Micronucleus test and assessment of changes in peripheral blood erythrocytes of dominant animal species in the Turkestan region

The article presents the results of a study of peripheral blood erythrocytes of dominant animal species in the Turkestan region. The relevance of this work is due to the construction of a nuclear power plant on the territory of Uzbekistan (Jizzakh region, Lake Tuzkan), since the areas of the Turkestan region fall under the potential influence of nuclear power plants and biota objects require monitoring at the ‘zero stage’ before the construction of a nuclear power plant. The data obtained are of great importance in assessing the impact of technogenic factors on biota. Given the location of uranium deposits in the Turkestan region, the uranium content was determined in samples (bones, soft tissues) of amphibians and fish. It has been established that the concentration of uranium in samples of biological objects is within the normal range. We have carried out work on the analysis of erythrocytes and micronuclei in the following biota representatives: desert lacerta (lat. Eremias intermedia), yellow ground squirrel (lat. Spermophilus or Citellus), lake frog (lat. Pelophylax ridibundus), rudd (lat. Redd pisces), snakehead (lat. Channa argus). According to the results of studies in the desert lacerta (lat. Eremias intermedia) and lake frog (lat. Pelophylax ridibundus), various pathological conditions of erythrocytes and micronuclei were observed in 11% of the total number of blood products studied.

SEISMICITY of KYRGYZSTAN and UZBEKISTAN in 2016 and 2017

In 2016 and 2017, seismic observations on the territory of Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan were carried out by networks of these countries. Seismic networks of Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan included 25 and 39 stations respectively. The catalog of earthquakes for 2016 included 705 events with KR=8.6–15.4. The strongest earthquake in the 2016 catalog was earthquake of November 25 at 14h24m with KR=15.4, located at the territory of neighboring China. Devastating for China, the earthquake caused panic among the residents of the border settlements of our countries. The Kyzyl-Art earthquake, which occurred on June 26, 2016 at 11h17s (KR=15.1) in the south of Kyrgyzstan, was the second by magnitude event in 2016. Its epicenter was located on the northern slope of the Zaalay Range. The Kyzyl-Art earthquake caused numerous aftershock series, which continued until the Aketao event, which had its own aftershock series that lasted until the end of the year. As a result, the number of earthquakes included to the catalog for 2016 increased by 2.3 times compared with 2015. The 2017 catalog of earthquakes included 265 events with KR=8.6–14.5, i.e. the total seismicity in the region decreased by 2.7 compared with previous year. The strongest earthquake in the 2017 catalog (KR=14.5), Karamyk earthquake, occurred on May 3 at 04h47m in the spurs of the Alai Range in the territory of Tajikistan, near the Kyrgyzstan-Tajikistan border. The strong foreshock (KR=12.9) occurred 18 seconds before the main shock. The earthquake accompanied by numerous aftershocks. Another rather strong earthquake (KR=13.2) was registered on September 29 at 13h49 m on the territory of Uzbekistan.

ABOUT THE STUDY OF MONUMENTS OF THE MESOLITHIC PERIOD IN UZBEKISTAN

This article discusses the Mesolithic monuments, early explored on the territory of Uzbekistan and their role in archeology. The discovery of ancient rock paintings of the Mesolithic era helps to clarify important questions regarding the worldview of the people of that time.

Stress State of the Earth’s Crust, Seismicity, and Prospects for Long-Term Forecast of Strong Earthquakes in Uzbekistan

Abstract —The current stress state of the Earth’s crust on the territory of Uzbekistan is studied using algorithms from the cataclastic analysis of displacements (CAD) with the application of a combined catalog of earthquake source mechanisms. The axis of maximum compression is nearly horizontal and orthogonal to the strike of tectonic structures for the larger part of the area under study, and the angle of penetration of the axis of minimum compression varies greatly for different parts of the territory. The areal distribution of the Lode–Nadai coefficient indicates the predominance of a stress state close to pure shift for the area under study. Without differentiation of the seismically active bed by depth, almost the entire territory of Uzbekistan is characterized by a geodynamic stress state corresponding to horizontal compression. There are significant differences in the stress state parameters for different deep beds of the Earth’s crust. With account for the representative recording periods of seismic events of different energy levels, the earthquake recurrence parameters for the entire territory as a whole and large seismically active zones are determined. It has been established that the epicenters of strong earthquakes recorded since the historical time are grouped in compact areas with linear dimensions of 50–80 km. The tectonophysical interpretation of the selected areas is given within the framework of the CAD, in which it is noted that strong earthquakes occur mainly in areas of lower effective confining pressure and maximum tangent stresses. This is due to the fact that the values of friction forces at faults in such areas are low, which creates the most favorable conditions for large-scale destruction. According to the results of the reconstruction of the natural stresses of the CAD, such areas on the territory of Uzbekistan are identified within faults and flexural-fault zones in South Fergana and North Fergana, as well as in the Gazli region. The current seismological situation in the selected areas of long-term forecast is estimated using a set of prognostic parameters of the seismic regime, and a map of the areas of expected seismic activity is compiled. The analysis of previous forecast maps developed within the framework of the presented approach shows high value in their information.

SOME ASPECTS OF GLACIO TOURISM AND ITS DEVELOPMENT IN UZBEKISTAN

This article is called "Conditions for the development of glaciotourism in Uzbekistan", and the possibilities of improvement and development of glaciotourism conditions in the territory of Uzbekistan are highlighted.