Territories Of Advanced Development Research Articles

Особенности изъятия земельных участков и (или) расположенных на них объектов недвижимого имущества для государственных нужд в целях размещения объектов инфраструктуры территорий опережающего развития Дальнего Востока

Статья посвящена исследованию особенностей изъятия у собствен-ников земельных участков и (или) расположенных на них объектов недвижимого имущества для государственных нужд в целях размещения объектов инфраструк-туры территорий опережающего развития Дальнего Востока. На базе данных, пред-ставленных в ежегодных отчетах Корпорации развития Дальнего Востока, авторами проведен анализ основных показателей деятельности 22 территорий опережающего развития Дальнего Востока, согласно которому в динамике доказана эффективность функционирования указанных территорий. Рассмотрена нормативно-правовая база, связанная с изъятием земельных участков и (или) расположенных на них объектов недвижимого имущества для государственных нужд в целях размещения объектов инфраструктуры территорий опережающего развития Дальнего Востока, проанализированы различные информационные материалы по данному вопросу в средствах массовой информации. С целью определения проблематики при проведении изъятия изучены материалы опубликованной в справочно-правовой системе «Консультант-Плюс» судебной практики по разрешению споров, связанных с изъятием у собствен-ников земельных участков и (или) расположенных на них объектов недвижимого имущества для государственных нужд в целях размещения объектов инфраструк-туры территорий опережающего развития Дальнего Востока. По итогам полученных результатов определена основная проблема при проведении изъятия, заключающаяся в наличии значительного числа споров о размере выкупной цены изъятых земельных участков и (или) расположенных на них объектов недвижимого имущества, а также предложен вариант ее решения, который позволит повысить доверие собственников имущества к выполняющим изъятие органам и сократит количество судебных спо-ров, связанных с размером выкупной цены.

The Transportation Cooperation Between Northeast China and the Russian Far East Under the Russia-Ukraine War

The logistics and transportation system of Russia and the world was greatly affected by the 2022 Russia-Ukraine war and the sanctions under the war. Under such circumstances, Sino-Russian cooperation in cross-border transportation is of great significance for the operation of international logistics system and the high-quality cooperation between China and Russia. The aim of this research is to find feasible paths for the transportation cooperation between Northeast China and Russian Far East by analyzing the current situation and existing problems in international transportation cooperation between the two regions. It was found that the current feasible paths of transportation cooperation between Northeast China and Russian Far East include: (1) carrying out transportation cooperation through “pivot cities”; (2) strengthening transportation cooperation by Russian Far East’s Territories of Advanced Development; (3) seizing the new opportunities of Harbin’s opening up to the north to promote international transportation cooperation with Russia; (4) developing transportation cooperation through the linking cooperation between the “Belt and Road” and the “Eurasian Economic Union”.

Вопросы применения таможенной процедуры свободной таможенной зоны в Арктике

The current regulation provides for the possibility of creating special (free) zones and equivalent territories (hereinafter — SEZ) in the Arctic (territories of advanced development and the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation). Within the framework of SEZs, the customs procedure of a free customs zone (hereinafter — FCZ) can be applied, which provides opportunities to conduct economic activities with foreign goods without paying customs duties. The purpose of the study is to investigate the peculiarities of applying the customs procedure of a free customs zone in the Arctic. The following research methods were used in the preparation of the article: economic, analytical methods, method of comparison and generalization. This simplification can be demanded by Russian organizations — residents (participants) of the territories of advanced development and the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The proposed article is devoted to the consideration of the mechanisms of the above-mentioned simplifications provided for the residents of the “Arctic” SEZ. At the same time, the application of the customs procedure of FCZ in the SEZ territories is an important tool of the state economic policy, designed to ensure the creation of comfortable conditions for taxation of foreign goods. Issues related to the status of goods manufactured in SEZs using foreign goods that are placed under the FCZ customs procedure are largely related to Russia’s international obligations underlying the current regulation. In practice, the set of legally established simplifications analyzed in the article creates conditions for more effective activity of SEZ residents.

Influence of preferential regimes on the Russian Far East development

The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of preferential regimes on the socio-economic development of territories on the example of the Far Eastern regions. We use both quantitative (e.g. regression and correlation analysis, modeling, method of averages, index method, “difference in differences”, factor analysis) and qualitative methods (document analysis, case-study, benchmarking, classification). The creation of preferential regimes, such as the Territory of Advanced Development, Free Port of Vladivostok, Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation, was a key element of the Far East development policy. To manage these preferential regimes a development institution has been created named Corporation for the Far East and the Arctic Development (CFEAD). We carried out the evaluation of the indicators of preferential regimes functioning and the socio-economic development of the Far Eastern regions. We identified the regions where these regimes have a positive impact on economic growth, and estimated the degree of the CFEAD’s assistance to their success. Also we worked out recommendations for optimizing preferential regimes and development institutions activities, which are acceptable both for the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District and in the all-Russian context.

Деятельность преференциального режима ТОР на территории Хабаровского края

The economic results of the territories of advanced development (TAD) of the Khabarovsk Territory are the subject of the article. Residents of the territories carry out economic activities reflected in four main aspects: investment, export, fiscal and formation of the labor market. Based on the analysis of specific indicators the author concluded that the impact of investments in fixed assets in regional processes of the TAD is increasing. The insignificant influence of the TAD on the functioning of the labor market has been established due to the demographic problems of the Khabarovsk Territory (a decrease in the population and an increase in migration outflow), as well as incomplete fulfillment by residents of the TAD of planned indicators for job creation. It was noted that stimulation by regional authorities of the TAD’s residents export activities, as well as application of customs procedures of the free customs zone, led to positive results – an increase in the share of net exports of the TAD in regional indicators. The dynamics of the share of payments by residents of the TAD in the revenues of the consolidated budget of the Khabarovsk Territory is studied. It is determined that an insignificant share of payments to the regional budget is explained by the fact that the activities of the TAD have not reached full capacity (comparing planned and actual achieved indicators – concluded agreements, investments, and jobs created). Based on the generalization of the economic results, it is concluded that the presence of TAD in the economy of the Khabarovsk Territory is growing.

Causes and factors of deindustrialization in old industrial regions

The subject of the study is the process of deindustrialization in the regions of the Central Federal District of Russia (hereinafter – CFD) and a set of causes and factors that determine industrial production reduction dynamics. The purpose of the study is to determine algorithms of industrial production recovery depending on the identified factors and causes of deindustrialization. Statistical groupings, analysis and synthesis method, comparative analysis of deindustrialization processes in the CFD regions were used as a methodology. Exclusive ways to restore industrial production in the CFD regions have been identified: innovation transfer based on the experience of techno-zones, special economic zones, territories of advanced development, and technoparks; integrated use of natural resources; modernization of high-tech industries; industrial agglomerations development in the peripheral territories of the federal subjects. The results of the study can be applied in the process of building strategic plans for revival of industrial production, first of all, when ensuring import substitution and strengthening the country’s defense capability. The process of deindustrialization is influenced by a group of factors that should be considered when establishing original sequence of strategic measures to revive industrial production.

Strategic perspectives in the coal industry of the Russian Federation

The article is devoted to the analysis and defi nition of priority strategic directions of development of the coal industry of the Russian Federation in conditions of instability and sanctions pressure. The authors present scientifi c grounds for methodological approaches to strategic management of the coal industry of Russia that would ensure a strategic breakthrough in development in the long term in the current crisis conditions. Working out the key government strategic decisions should affect fi scal, investment, technological and foreign trade strategies. The authors justify the necessity of changes in the legal regulation concerning the improvement of the mechanisms for providing preferential trade fi nance conditions to enterprises and the opportunity of the presidency of trading companies in the zones with a special administrative regime. It is recommended that the approach to taxation of ship chartering services should be simplifi ed, and the distribution of freight capacity to the ports of the Far East and increase of the processing capacity of such terminals to the actually confi rmed capacity should be consolidated by the Government. It is suggested that the logistic ship traffi c chains should be redirected to the eastern ports, i.e. the ports of the Asian Pacifi c market. It is regarded as strategically important to extend the regime of territories of advanced development, which have justifi ed the possibility of effective development of the region, for the resident manufacturers of coal products who have confi rmed their effectiveness; to provide the coal mining companies with the opportunity of gaining the priority right to use mineral resources in license areas adjacent to its own facilities. It is essential to ensure system government support of scientifi c developments in improving the means and methods of geological exploration. Implementation of the suggested strategic perspectives in coal industry will ensure sustainable development of coal mining companies in the long-term perspective. Further research should be directed towards the search for mechanisms of identifying the most effective strategies of development of coal mining enterprises in unstable conditions.

Institutional structure and state regulation of NIS

Сurrent geopolitical situation caused by unfriendly policies and sanctions against Russia by the states of Western Europe and the United States are the main reasons for the preservation and development of its state sovereignty, further improvement of innovation policy. In addition to the above, we can add the withdrawal of foreign companies from the Russian market, the ban on the supply of Russian high-tech products to foreign markets, the instability of the economic situation in domestic markets, in terms of import substitution of products and the reorientation of the Russian economy to the markets of Southeast Asia and China. Taking into account the modern transformation processes taking place in the domestic innovation market, a special role is assigned to the National Innovation System (NIS), consisting of a complex of interrelated business entities and institutional organizations interacting with each other in the process of innovation. The main element of the NIS is the state, which ensures the functioning and comprehensive support of innovation activities, as well as the formation of its strategic priorities, monitoring and coordination. The functions of state power to regulate economic development in the field of innovation, at the stage of formation and functioning of the NIS, are represented by organizational and financial support, the creation of incentives and conditions for the organization and implementation of innovative activities by business entities. With the targeted support of the state, the institutional structures of NIS are able to: increase the volume of modern high-tech technologies and high-tech industries, increase the output of competitive innovative products, stimulate the construction of innovative infrastructure and, in general, increase the level of development of the Russian economy. State regulation of innovation activity includes two management subsystems: the first one serves to ensure direct management of innovation activities, by virtue of its authority, and the second is intended for state regulation of innovations carried out by large corporations, high-tech enterprises, due to the importance of their activities for the state. As a scientific increment of the research results, the authors introduce the concept of institutional mechanism of NIS development, with the integration of key areas of development. The most important function of this mechanism is the scientific, industrial and technological sphere, using intellectual property and artificial intelligence technologies implemented in national technoparks, regional innovation centers, territories of advanced development of high technologies.

Free economic zones and territories of advanced development: modern problems

The article examines the situation with free economic zones (FEZ) and territories of advanced development (TAD) in modern Russia. The purpose of the article is to identify the problems of the functioning of FEZ and TOP, as well as the analysis of successful projects of free economic zones in Russia. The development of economic potential is one of the main goals of managing the economy of the country. Against this background, an important role is played by free economic zones (FEZ), as well as territories of advanced development (TAD), which aim to create favorable economic conditions, promote the socio–economic development of the state, attract foreign investment, as well as the creation of high–tech industries, the development of transport infrastructure and the tourism industry. A clear and thoughtful creation and functioning of free economic zones, which is impossible without sound government programs and effective local governance, is a factor in the long–term sustainable development of both the country and its individual regions.The article examines the current situation with free economic zones (FEZ) and territories of advanced development (TAD) in modern Russia within the framework of their functioning and prerequisites for their creation. The research results consist in identifying the problems of the functioning of free economic zones, identifying structural problems that represent errors in the creation and functioning of such territories that require immediate solutions soon, as well as analyzing projects of free economic zones in Russia that are successful and cost–effective within the framework of the regional development program.

Institutes for the new model of economic growth regional management development (territories of advanced development, territories of advanced social and economic development)

The article describes the importance of institutions for the development of regional governance of a new model of economic growth, presenting both the tasks and the organizational structure of the main actors of development policy, as well as the nature of the relationship between the main actors and their cooperation with other external partners, such as public institutions, institutions of the business environment and individual international institutions. It is substantiated that the allocation of zones with a special legal status on the territory of the state is always associated with the need for appropriate institutional support. In the field of territories of advanced development, there is a separate regulation that changes the generally applicable rules of law concerning the beginning and implementation of economic activity. The instrument of this regulation is the functioning of institutions for the development of regional governance, which provide favorable conditions for doing business on special preferential terms. The creation by the state of special conditions for economic activity in relation to selected investors in this territory serves the primary purpose of accelerating the socio-economic development of certain parts of the country’s territory. The new model of economic growth in the form of territories of advanced development provides an increase in investment activity, intensification of foreign economic activity, reduction of regional differentiation.

Special regime “Territory of Advanced Development” in mono-profile municipal entities

Today, performance efficiency of the territories with a special regime of conducting entrepreneurial activities is assessed by comparing planned targets with actual indicators in terms of the number of recruited residents, new workplaces created, the resident’s actual investment. Another efficiency indicator is the ratio of public budgetary funds per one ruble’s worth of private investments. However, these indices do not gauge the need itself for the territories to be granted the special territory status. The article compares performance results during 2016–2020 registered by mono-profile municipal entities, which have acquired the status of priority development territories, with the indicators achieved by similar company cities without any special status. For pair-to-pair comparison, a selection was made of company cities in the Ural region of Russia with approximately similar population and belonging to the same category in terms of the level of the socio-economic situation. Analysis was made of such indicators as population, investments in property, plant and equipment, revenues of the local budget, wages and salaries. The results of the above comparative analysis allow us to conclude that in the short-term perspective, the key indices of special company cities and company cities without status do not differ much.

РАЗВИТИЕ НАЛОГОВОГО МЕХАНИЗМА ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ПОДДЕРЖКИ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

The mechanism of regulation of investment activity that has developed since the early 2000s, despite significant changes and additions, in recent years does not provide a proper regulatory impact on the processes in this area: the depreciation of fixed assets is growing, the share of gross accumulation in fixed assets is “trampling” around 20% of GDP. The article shows that the investment tax deduction becomes an effective tool in the tax mechanism of stimulating investment activity in the regions and, unlike other tools (special economic zones, territories of advanced development, etc.), is focused on the modernization of existing enterprises.

Efficiency of implementing measures of state support for territories of advanced development

To solve the problems of socio-economic development of the Far East, such innovative mechanisms have been developed and launched today as territories of advanced socio-economic development, the free port of Vladivostok, infrastructure support for investment projects, a mechanism for free provision of land plots to citizens of the Russian Federation, reduction of electricity tariffs for industrial consumers of the Far East, prioritization of state programs of the Russian Federation and programs state-owned companies in the interests of the development of the Far East, implementation of social development plans for economic growth centers, preferential mortgage at a rate of 2 percent per annum for young families and participants of the Far Eastern Hectare program, Eastern Economic Forum, electronic visa for foreign citizens arriving at the free port of Vladivostok, investment quotas for fishing, subsidizing interest rates on loans from investors of advanced development territories and the free port Vladivostok, preferential financing of large investment projects and small and medium-sized businesses. This article presents proposals on methodological support for assessing the effectiveness of state support measures. Methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization of data and economic analysis were used.

The functions of territories of advanced socio-economic development to attract private capital in the context of the formation of a new model of economic growth

The purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of territories of advanced socio-economic development and their role in the development of regions through the synergy of instruments for attracting private capital and mitigating the consequences of economic crises. The research methods used were systematization in terms of analyzing the essence of special economic zones, generalization of concepts analyzing the functions of territories of advanced development in Russia, a graphical method of presenting information. To achieve the purpose of the study, the following tasks have been solved: the essence of special economic zones and their role in the economic development of the state has been clarified; an analysis of the functioning of the territories of the advanced in Russia has been presented: the number of residents and jobs, the amount of declared investments are growing annually. The results of the study include: systematization of characteristics and statistical data on the functioning of territories of advanced socio-economic development in Russia; justification of the insufficient effectiveness of such territories and the functions performed by them; clarification of the need to activate the main function of the territories of advanced socio-economic development to attract private capital.

CURRENT PROBLEMS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS OF UDMURTIA

The article shows the socio-economic development of rural areas of Udmurtia in recent years, with the allocation of territories of advanced development and lagging areas. The results of the sociological analysis of the factors shaping the standard of living of rural residents are presented, the main ones are highlighted. A new indicator of a comprehensive assessment of the level of social development of rural areas is proposed, its significance for rural areas of Udmurtia is calculated. The deepening of the differentiation of rural development depending on various factors, including social and industrial, is proved and the main reasons for this discrepancy are given. .Statistical materials show how factors of social and economic development of rural areas affect the level of migration of the population. The results of correlation and regression analysis of the main factors influencing the migration of rural residents are presented. The influence of the specifics and efficiency of industrial activity in rural areas on the standard of living of the population is shown. Based on the wage level indicator, the influence of modern technologies and digital transformation of agricultural production on the development of the territory is shown. The measures of state support for the development of backward rural areas focused on the development of social infrastructure and stimulating innovative investments in production activities are proposed.

Prospects for the expansion of aviation communication in the context of the development of projects "Territories of advanced development" of the border south of the Far East

The development of the transport system, in particular air transportation, ensures the fulfillment of national goals in the field of social security, economic growth, and technological structure. The instruments for the implementation of national goals are the system of state programs for the development of territories and industries. Since 2014, economic zones have been formed in the Far East, designed to ensure global competitiveness of investment conditions and movement to the Asia-Pacific countries. An important factor affecting the effectiveness of investment projects is the balanced development of the transport network within the boundaries of economic zones. The subject of the study is the aviation transport network as a driver of the growth of the "Territories of Advanced Development" projects in the south of the Far Eastern region, with the exception of the Trans-Baikal Territory and Buryatia. The choice of territorial entities is justified by the border location with the PRC, which affects the integration of trade relations, as well as the existing economic activity along the border from China. The object of the study is the air transport infrastructure located in the territories under consideration. The methods of theoretical research were used in the work: analysis, synthesis, generalization, induction. As a result of the study, it was proposed to increase the number of airfields in the economic zones of the border territories, which will not only form part of the border transport structure, but also increase the level of investment attractiveness of the zones belonging to the territories of advanced development. The basis for the study of the location of points of the aviation transport network in economic border zones was: the simultaneous operation of strategically important legal documents, one of which is aimed at the development of the industry (Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2030), the other at the development of the region ("On territories of advanced socio-economic development in the Russian Federation"), as a result of which, to obtain a greater systemic effect, it becomes possible to synchronize them; the results obtained in the process of studying the airfield network within the boundaries of the TOP, which indicate that the aviation network is not formed to maintain the investment attractiveness of the territories.

Детерминанты привлечения инвестиций в точки роста экономики Дальнего Востока России

Due to the sanctions imposed by foreign states, modern Russian economy greatly depends on the economy of the Far East characterised by the formation and stimulation of investment in the territories of advanced development (TADs). However, at the present stage, economic growth measures are not working effectively in all Far Eastern regions. The article presents the results of an analysis of factors shaping the investment attractiveness of the territories of advanced development established in the Russian Far East. The study examines regional socio-economic indicators, accounting statements of residents and non-financial information on business reputation of enterprises. Since territories of advanced development are considered economic growth points of the Russian Far East, the research aims to identify relevant patterns and rank TADs according to the importance of the factors of investment potential and risks. To this end, the methods of econometric analysis and modelling were applied. The developed methodology for assessing investment attractiveness includes indicators adapted for TADs, component factor analysis and modelling. Based on the analysis, factor models were constructed and the factors were grouped according to their impact on the investment potential and risks of the territories of advanced development of the Far Eastern Federal District. The obtained results indicate that the initial development stage of economic growth points is characterised by various financial and social problems, insufficient investment and uneven distribution of investments to ensure advanced economic growth. The established factor models explain the importance of creating a favourable investment environment, attracting investments for the construction of infrastructure, increasing the efficiency of resource potential in the Far Eastern regions. Factors of the internal business environment of residents — financial condition and the initial stage of enterprise operation from the moment of state registration — are seen as constraining. Priority ranking of factors revealed key directions for improving the mechanism for attracting and distributing investments in the regions. Additionally, it can help coordinate the work of government bodies, development institutions and entrepreneurship and direct business support measures to important areas of territorial development, reducing the impact of constraining factors and risks.

Нормативное формирование экономических преимуществ организации труда на федеральной территории

In this study, on the basis of a systematic analysis of the regulatory regulation of the features of the organization of public power in the federal territory, in cooperation with special legal regimes of certain types of economic activity, the foundations for the formation of economic advantages of labor organization in certain sectors of the economy are revealed. Accordingly, the very features of the organization of public power determine the regimes of economic activity that allow the rational organization of labor activity, which in itself becomes a distinctive feature of the federal territory, distinguishing it from other special economic regimes (territories of advanced development, special economic zones, etc.).

Development of the State System of Territorial Complex Management

Russia is currently at a fork in its economic trajectory. In this regard, issues of territorial development are particularly relevant in the country’s transition to investment-type economic growth. The investment process is the main subject of technical analysis, quality control and regulation at the state and regional levels of management. The purpose of the article is to identify the relationship between such regional characteristics as the state of the investment climate, investment attractiveness, socio-economic situation, index of physical volume of investment in fixed assets based on the analysis of state policy in the field of territorial development. The research used methods of comparative, statistical and system analysis, deduction and induction, generalization, and theoretical modeling. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the state actively supports regions – growth points where special economic zones and territories of advanced development are created, but at the same time, there is an active state support for regions with a low level of socio-economic development. A study of the basic characteristics of the investment development of the Russian regions showed that those regions in which there is a favorable investment climate tend to have high investment attractiveness. However, there is no direct correlation between the level of socio-economic development of the region and the state of its investment climate. Therefore, in order to increase the investment attractiveness of Russian regions, it is necessary to create such macroeconomic goals for Sevastopol that will help to intensify the results of investment processes, remove various bureaucratic barriers for investors in the region, develop tools for the coordinated use of territories, and actively develop interregional cooperation.

Formation and Assessment of the Investment and Reputation Capital of the Enterprise

The article assesses the influence of factors that form the reputation of an enterprise in the real sector of the economy, on the ability to attract investments and form investment capital. The study aims to identify the most important components of reputation capital that stimulate the inflow of investments for the implementation of projects that are significant for the development of the region. The author applies methods of multidimensional weighted scoring assessment of business reputation, construction of factor models, and identification of regression relationships between investment capital and factors that form business reputation, methods of pair correlations, and modelling. This study assesses the impact of factors on the level of investment capital and business reputation of 38 regionally significant organizations included in the list of residents of the Territory of Advanced Social and Economic Development (TASED) of the Far East and receiving tax incentives and administrative benefits. The scientific hypothesis that the investment capital of an enterprise as a key element of the territorial economic system is formed under the influence of a complex of factors of business reputation is subject to verification. The types of business reputation are identified for enterprises of regional significance. The author makes a conclusion that the inflow of investments and the accumulation of capital is facilitated by information transparency, participation of the enterprise in socio-cultural, educational events in the region, support of ethical and corporate principles. The research results can be used by the management companies of the territories of advanced development and the management of enterprises implementing national projects for the development of the regional economy.