Territorial Structure Research Articles

A Specific Component in the US Banking System: The State of Ohio

Deregulation of the US banking system in the 1980s and 1990s led to profound changes not only in the operating conditions of credit corporations but also in the territorial structure of the industry. A particularly important role was played by the gradual lifting of the historical ban on creating interstate branch networks, which allowed the most successful banking holding companies to expand into other regions and partially displace local businesses. Among the centers from which such commercial expansion took place were Columbus, Cleveland, and other cities in Ohio, which had significant economic foundations and human resources. Ohio's share of national totals, measured by the assets of bank holding companies, rose almost continuously until 2002–2003, but then began to decline under pressure from even stronger competitors. Meanwhile, in the early 2000s, as advancements in telecommunications increasingly enabled the remote distribution of internal corporate administrative functions, Ohio became a strategic hub for holdings from other states – primarily JPMorgan Chase from New York. To this day, Ohio reflects a dual, albeit uneven, success: the state holds a significant position in its own holdings’ assets (sixth or seventh place in the US), while also maintaining a leading role in the strategic presence (at the level of key subordinate banks) of holdings from other parts of the country. For Ohio, an old industrial state that had been struggling since the 1960s with the rise of new competitors with more advanced manufacturing, the growth of the banking sector (in both aspects noted) became a key part of the state's economic restructuring and an important source of job creation.

Features of Formation of Electromagnetic Fields of Industrial and Radio-Frequency Ranges in the Conditions of the Modern Residential Development of High Number of Storeys

The tool research of electromagnetic fields of industrial frequency and radio-frequency range in by Murino of the Leningrad Region is executed. Steady excesses of admissible level of tension on borders of a sanitary rupture of the high-voltage line of 330 kV are revealed. Excesses of admissible levels of magnetic induction and in the radio-frequency range – energy stream density are not revealed. It is established that the difference of values of electric field strength in 1.8 m from a surface and at the height of 72 m reaches 1–2 orders that can be explained only with the grounding Earth’s surface role. Considerable divergences of the settlement and measured values of tension and magnetic induction are revealed that means insufficiently correct account when calculating electrophysical properties of air. The detailed cards of density of a stream of energy showing a difficult, but steady picture of distribution of values are created. Some elements of territorial structure of electromagnetic fields of radio-frequency range – fragments of rings around base stations of cellular communication, and the auras dated for certain houses are revealed.

Current problems of administrative and territorial reform in the Kyrgyz Republic

The administrative and territorial reform carried out in the Kyrgyz Republic was primarily aimed at significantly transforming and modernizing the administrative and territorial structure of the state, reducing unnecessarily duplicative bureaucratic apparatus at all levels of government, reducing budget expenditures, and organizing more efficient provision of services to the population. The article reveals the features and problems of the ongoing reform.

Сельские поселения Тюменского округа Уральской области в первой трети ХХ в.

The purpose of the study is to characterize the network of rural settlements of Siberian Tatars in the Tyumen district of the Ural region. Quantitative indicators of the Tatar population in the settlements of the district, the ratio of rural and urban Tatars, as well as the impact of administrative and territorial reforms of the Soviet government on the Tatar population of the Tyumen district are considered. The novelty of the work is determined by the weak level of scrutiny of the history of the Tatar population of Western Siberia in the 20th century, as well as the introduction of new materials on the topic into scientific circulation. As a result, based on the information of the All-Union Census of 1926 it is revealed that the zoning reform carried out in the 1920s led to significant transformations, considerably changing the previous administrative and territorial structure. The Tyumen District has increased geographically, but the main areas of residence of Tatars in the Tyumen District, as in the previous period, remained the territories of the Tyumen, Yalutorovsk, Yarkovsk and Nizhne-Tavdinsk districts. The number of the Tatar population is increasing, including due to the mass resettlement of Volga and Ural Tatars. The number of urban Tatar population is significantly increasing. The former mono-ethnicity of the Tatar settlements is gradually being lost. By eliminating the former volost structure, the Soviet reform had an impact on the final erasure of the former social and, to a certain extent, ethnic differences within the Turkic-Tatar community.

Dynamic coupling coordination of territorial spatial development intensity and comprehensive disaster-carrying capability: A case study of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations, China

The effectiveness of the modernization of the governance system is significantly impacted by the interaction between the territorial spatial development intensity (TSDI) and the comprehensive disaster-carrying capacity (CDCC). It is of great significance to investigate the intrinsic interaction between the TSDI and the CDCC. Identifying the disaster risks induced by the intensity of the territorial spatial development and their constraints promotes synergistic development to cope with the uncertainty. The study explored the degree of coupling, the level of coordinated development, and the dynamic development trend between TSDI and CDCC from the perspective of coupling coordination. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) Region was used as a case study and it was found 1) there is a higher degree of coupling, and high correlation between TSDI and CDCC in the BTH urban agglomeration region; 2) the BTH region has the highest number of cities with coordination levels on the verge of maladjustment, followed by ones with barely coordinated cities; 3) while the overall level of coordination gradually increases, the overall deviation degree of development of TSDI and CDCC in the BTH urban agglomeration region is gradually decreasing; 4) there is an interactive coercion relationship between TSDI and CDCC in the BTH urban agglomeration region. This study may help provide a decision-making basis for the BTH urban agglomeration on improving the pertinence of urban disaster prevention and mitigation construction, adjusting the spatial structure of the national territory, and promoting the coordinated development of different cities. Moreover, technical support and theoretical guidance for similar regions was also developed to assess the land suitability, establish an integrated defense system of the national territory and space, and exercise resilient city planning.

National Tourism Policy in the Russian Far East of Russia: a Case Study of the Republic of Buryatia

The development of tourism in the Russian Far East is a priority for the strategic development of Russia in the current geopolitical environment. The state is implementing unprecedented measures to support the tourism industry in this macro-region. This article analyzes the implementation of the federal agenda for comprehensive tourism development in the Far East, using the Republic of Buryatia as an example (the republic is located in the Baikal natural territory and has been part of the Far Eastern Federal District since 2018). This article presents the key measures of state tourism policy for the Far East, as well as the mechanisms of state regulation and support of tourism in Buryatia. It demonstrates the changing territorial structure of tourism and recreational activities in the region. The study is based on legislative and regulatory documents, national projects, state programs, scientific publications and websites, as well as official statistical data from both federal and regional sources. The results of this study indicate that the Republic of Buryatia is actively enhancing its regional policy on tourism development by utilizing innovative approaches and progressive state support measures. Tourism in Buryatia has not only successfully overcome the consequences of the pandemic but is also developing in current conditions. This is evident in the prioritization of tourism in the Russian Far East and the significant efforts of the authorities of Buryatia, who participate in all competitive selections for federal financial support. At the same time, a significant increase in the number of accommodation facilities and tourist flow without insufficient consideration of environmental factors in investment and economic activities may manifest itself in increased environmental degradation. The article proposes measures to improve tourism policy in line with the solution of strategic tasks of tourism development in the Republic of Buryatia and the preservation of the unique ecosystem of Lake Baikal.

Анализ динамики территориальной структуры расселения муниципальных районов Республики Татарстан с применением геоинформационных технологий

The article discusses the results of the analysis of territorial structure dynamics of settlement systems of municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan in the period 1959–2016, conducted using modern geoinformation technologies. The example of the studied region shows the advantages of using and developing GIS tools to improve cartographic analysis of settlement systems dynamics and notes the shortcomings of traditional methods for solving such problems. The characteristics of the results of study of the settlement system of the Republic of Tatarstan, including its mapping, obtained in the 1990–2010s, are given. The data presented in the work related to six years of observation, including the results of the censuses of 1959, 1970, 1979 and 2002, as well as data for 1997 and 2016. When choosing the observation periods, the need for information on all settlements in the region and their localization was considered. Each settlement corresponded with the boundaries of modern municipal districts. Geoinformation support for solving analytical problems included six spatial databases containing information on the characteristics of the population of 3 663 settlements that are part of 43 municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan, and a developed cartographic basis with precise coordinate referencing of settlements. The analysis of the territorial structure was carried out on the basis of the population size of settlements, the number and total population in their population groups, as well as share structures by population groups for municipal districts and the region. To assess the dynamics, the indicators of the growth/decline rates of the population of settlements and municipal districts were calculated. The analysis of trends in the change in territorial structure of settlement systems was carried out on the basis of cluster analysis methods, which made it possible to identify three groups of municipal districts that differ in the dynamics of changes in population size and structural characteristics of population groups. Each is distinguished by a fairly compact localization within a number of territories of the region. These include: municipal districts of the north-west of Tatarstan; districts of its eastern part and south-west; regions of the western and eastern parts of Tatarstan.

Analysis of transformation of the territorial and industry structure of revenue of the IT sector of the Russian Federation in 2019–2022

Analysis of transformation of the territorial and industry structure of revenue of the IT sector of the Russian Federation in 2019–2022

Карты оценки социально-экономической среды для развития социокультурных видов туризма: опыт Крыма

The methodology for compiling an assessment map of the degree of favorableness of the socio-economic environment for the development of socio-cultural types of tourism in Crimea is considered. A hypothesis has been put forward about the existence of a territorial disproportion in the degree of favorableness of the socio-economic environment for the development of socio-cultural types of tourism in the plain, mountain and coastal regions of the Crimean Peninsula. The nature of territorial imbalances in the favorable socio-economic environment of socio-cultural tourism is due to differences in the saturation of the Crimean territories with cultural heritage objects and the state of general economic and special infrastructure. Sociocultural types of tourism include specific forms and processes of organization and development of the sociocultural space of the region aimed at satisfying the cognitive, spiritual, moral, communicative and aesthetic needs of people. Groups of socio-economic conditions and factors that are important for the development of socio-cultural types of tourism in Crimea have been identified. Analytical maps of the territorial structure of the cultural heritage of Crimea and the conference tourism infrastructure on the peninsula have been constructed, reflecting certain aspects of the socio-economic environment of the region, influencing the degree of its favorableness for the organization of various types of socio-cultural tourism. A score assessment was made of the degree of favorable socio-economic conditions for the development of socio-cultural types of tourism in the context of 11 urban districts and 14 municipal districts of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, with subsequent visualization of the results in the form of a comprehensive analytical and synthetic map. The map of the favorableness of the socio-economic environment of Crimea for the development of socio-cultural types of tourism confirmed the presence of territorial imbalances for this type of recreation on the peninsula. More than half of the territorial-administrative units of Crimea have a low degree of favorable socio-economic environment for the development of socio-cultural types of tourism. It is concluded that it is necessary to change the information image of Crimea to motivate tourists to visit its plain (steppe) regions and saturate territories with a low degree of favorable socio-economic environment with artificial attractions for socio-cultural tourism.

DIVERSITY OF CONDITIONS AND COMPANY-TOWNS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES

In the socio-economic and spatial development of any country, single-industry towns and conceptual approaches to the formation of models for their development and state support occupy a special place. These phenomena depend on a wide range of factors related both to the peculiarities of the allocation of natural resources and the resulting economic specialization of regions, the location of various strategically important production facilities for the country, and the legal norms adopted in the state that define its administrative and territorial structure and ensure territorial integrity. The purpose of the research. The article examines the identification of possible links between the conditions of functioning of single-industry towns, on the one hand, and options for their development strategies. Results. As a result of the conducted research, a theoretical typology of the situations in which domestic single-industry towns are located was developed and proposed. The role of large corporations, whose divisions are the city-forming enterprises of single-industry towns, in the development and implementation of strategies for their development in modern conditions is analyzed. The content of the problems of the development of single-industry towns, the solution of which does not require a change in legislation, is established and discussed. Special attention to the development of single-industry towns is also due to the fact that, being significantly dependent on the economic condition of the city-forming enterprise, single-industry towns often turn out to be centers of socio-political tension in the event of an unstable economic situation, a decrease in the competitiveness of the enterprise with subsequent reduction (closure) of production, restructuring of the company and the emergence of problems in local (regional) labor markets.

Towards the regeneration of mountain tourism territories. Insights from the Alta Valtellina Region

Since the 1960s, tourism development in mountain areas has significantly influenced territorial structures. The legacy of this development model is exacerbated by global crises, including climate change and sociocultural challenges that make mountain tourism territories much more fragile.Within this framework, the multifaceted dimensions of the crisis claim for a broader regeneration of these contexts based on a territorial, integrated and multi-disciplinary approach.Through the case of the Alta Valtellina Region in the Lombard Alps, the paper provides a methodology to measure, spatialize and represent the multiple challenges occurring in mountain tourism territories as a fundamental base to orient the regeneration project in these contexts.

An integrated approach to enhance vaccine uptake in chronic patients – the VacciNetwork project

Abstract Issue/problem Individuals with chronic illnesses are at a higher risk of infections and their complications. Vaccinations are crucial in reducing this risk and their integration in chronic care pathways can enhance vaccine uptake, but it requires a collaborative approach and increased awareness in care personnel, caregivers and patients. Description of the problem The Local Health Authority of Rome 2 (ASL Roma 2, with approx. 1.3 million residents) initiated an active promotion plan for recommended vaccinations in chronic patients in January 2023, and a Clinical Vaccinology Workbook was produced to guide healthcare workers in promoting vaccinations across various care settings. The plan aims to establish collaborative agreements with hospitals and territorial structures that manage these patients, integrating vaccination plans with clinical and healthcare pathways for a more holistic approach to chronic disease management, a model that could benefit similar populations globally. Results Data was extracted from administrative databases regarding vaccinations performed in 2022 and 2023 on fragile subjects, i.e., those with a marked ‘risk condition’, aged ≥18 years. The results showed that vaccine uptake was more than doubled (6675 vs. 2041; +227%). Notably, vaccinations rose among those with oncological-hematological diseases (+212%), asplenia (+185%), chronic kidney failure or on dialysis (+190%) and those with an HIV infection (+160%). Increases were also significant in other immunocompromised conditions (+194%). Lessons The practice underlines the importance of targeted vaccination programs within chronic care management. Collaborative healthcare frameworks can significantly improve vaccination rates, reducing the burden of infectious diseases in high-risk populations. These results underscore the potential applicability of such a model in other regions and countries, highlighting the universal relevance of integrated healthcare solutions. Key messages • Collaborative, integrated frameworks between clinical and vaccination services can represent a model for increasing vaccine uptake in chronic disease patients. • Strategic partnerships and education in healthcare settings can improve vaccination rates and contribute to more holistic chronic disease management.

Eastern Regions in the Economic Strategy on the “Take-off” Stage of the Soviet Industrial System

The article delves into the strategy and implementation of economic development in the eastern regions of Russia from the pre-war five-year plans to the “Kosygin reform”. It highlights the substantial growth in the importance of these regions in the national economy during this period. However, historical perspectives on the long-term consequences of the “Eastern shift” in the production and population proportions vary. Some researchers believe that such a course met and meets the fundamental interests of the country. Others dispute this, attributing it to excessive geopolitical ambitions and a distorted understanding of the economy’s actual needs. Based on the historiographic analysis and documentary sources, the author offers an interpretation of why the authorities prioritized the advanced economic development of the eastern territories and how they executed this strategy. It is concluded that implementation of such a course has led to a radical change in the territorial structure of production. At the same time, as the period under review drew to a close, the focus shifted from advanced development to sustaining the achieved level, resulting in a deceleration of economic growth in the eastern regions. This was primarily ascribed to the decreasing efficacy of the “socialist economic system” and the ruling elite's persistent aversion to reforming economic institutions. One overarching argument posited in the article is that there was a substantive “shift of productive forces” towards the East in the broader context of the Soviet era, coinciding with the period of the “take-off” of the Soviet industrial system. The foregoing allows us substantiating the relationship between high rates of economic growth and “intensive economic development” of the eastern regions of the country.

Ecological Consequences of Changes in the Territorial and Branch Structure of Moscow Manufacturing Industry in 1990–2023

The peculiarities of the dynamics of the volume and structure of emissions from manufacturing enterprises in Moscow in 1990–2023 have been revealed. It is noted that the economic process of deindustrialization in the 1990s–2000s has been replaced in recent years by a small reverse process of reindustrialization, with an increase in the diversity of sectoral structure, and a change in the role and internal structure of machine building and chemical industry. The decrease of manufacturing industry output was noticed, while pollution from large enterprises producing products necessary for the city was preserved; at the same time, the rates of decrease in specific pollution for these enterprises have slowed down in recent years. It is concluded that during periods of crisis and recession there is a faster change in industrial structure compared to the change in pollution structure, and that during the recovery phase the pollution structure changes faster, largely due to the fact that industries are expanded initially without adequate expansion of treatment systems.

Milk and dairy products market: creation of dairy clusters

In modern conditions, public health as a strategic resource is one of the most important indicators that determine the level and quality of life, and is ensured by saturating the market with high-quality food products with high consumer properties. The authors have studied the current state of production of milk and its processed products, which are in the second place in demand after bakery products. In each region of the republic there are processing enterprises of the dairy industry, but not all producers supply goods of high quality. Purpose - development of practical recommendations to provide the domestic market with high-grade and competitive dairy products on the basis of formation and development of dairy clusters. Methods - the system approach was used to determine the value chain from raw materials to finished products, statistical and comparative analysis - to study the dynamics, state, potential opportunities of the dairy subcomplex, economic entities, generalization method - to summarize the results of the study. Results - the main problems existing in the dairy industry of Kazakhstan are revealed: insufficiency of milk for food products, underutilization of production capacities, lack of large farms producing conditioned raw materials in the required volumes, high import dependence, purchase prices for raw milk. Conclusions - the authors recommend the formation of territorial dairy cluster structures. The implementation of this direction will allow to meet the needs not only of the domestic market, but also to achieve a high export potential of the dairy industry, to solve the issues of supply of necessary equipment, fodder for livestock, to increase the competitive advantages of dairy products, the level of utilization of the existing production potential, as well as to expand the raw material base. Of particular importance is the study of promising areas of the dairy industry, since milk and dairy products are necessarily present in the food basket of every family.

Application and prospect of landscape ecology in territorial spatial planning.

Territorial spatial planning could achieve the integration of various plans, resulting in a unified "multi-plan integration" map. Such planning emphasizes the efficient use of territorial spatial patterns and structures to ensure functional perfection, and serves as the spatial framework for building a modern socialist country, particularly in the areas of ecological security and ecological civilization. The past few decades have seen rapid advances in the development of landscape ecology in China. The core concept of "pattern-process-function" has gained significant progress and been widely applied in the initial phase of territorial spatial planning at various levels. We outlined the advancements in the territorial spatial planning system and the core research theories and technologies in landscape ecology. We discussed the progress and shortcomings of key theories and methods of landscape ecology in practical applications of territorial spatial planning, such as ecological security patterns, pattern and process, and scale effects. We proposed the future application of landscape ecology theories and technologies in territorial spatial planning, including overall ecological effects, scale effects, and regional ecological network optimization. Future developments in landscape ecology, especially research on the "human-place-ecology" coupling based on the latest Big Data and AI technology for sustainable development, will provide robust theoretical and methodological supports for the scientific formulation of territorial spatial planning in China.

Political discontent in Spain, diagnosis and solutions

The starting point is the presence of a widespread feeling of political confrontation and division among Spanish citizens. This is compounded by dissatisfaction with and distrust in a system that is perceived by many as elitist and out of touch with real needs. Several factors related to this perception of politics are explained and quantified. On the one hand, there are economic elements, such as the stagnation of GDP per capita, the persistence of a relatively high at-risk-of-poverty rate, and the rates of material deprivation. And in all these elements, a significant territorial inequality can be observed. There are significant differences between Spain, France and Germany over the period considered. On the other hand, political factors determine much of the public debate in Spain: Historical memory and the Spanish Civil War, as well as the terrorism of ETA and other terrorist groups. The emergence of new parties is analyzed, especially VOX. Finally, the enormous difficulty of finding a territorial structure of political power that would bring together the consensus of most political forces. It is necessary to find formulas for fiscal federalism that will make it possible to move away from the current decentralization of spending without the Autonomous Communities having their own tax capacity. This study concludes by pointing out the relevance of all these problems and the need to find solutions through democratic debate and deliberation with agreements.

Impact of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on the Development of Rural Territories: Principal Component Analysis in SW Spain, Extremadura (2007–2020)

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is a European Union (EU) policy aimed at supporting farmers, guaranteeing food security, and promoting sustainable rural development, which has undergone numerous reforms to adapt to the needs of the agricultural sector and society in general. The main objective of this work is to statistically analyse CAP aid in southwest Spain, specifically in Extremadura, a region characterised by areas at risk of depopulation and deep rural areas, during the last two periods of European aid (2007–2013 and 2014–2020). In this study, by means of principal component analysis (PCA), agricultural, economic, and demographic variables were interrelated, together with geographic information systems (GIS), to evaluate their impact on the development of the regional agricultural sector. This methodology will help to identify areas with improvements in their territorial structures and can therefore serve as a basis for their application in other European territories. Through the analysis, we identified areas where the interrelation of the variables showed improvements in their demographic, social, and economic structures, with the municipalities of populations over 10,000 inhabitants in Extremadura being the ones that compose the territorial substructure A. Therefore, this work shows how European agricultural aid can disproportionately favour the most dynamic territories and leave the less developed regions at a disadvantage.

Territorial Consolidation of the Republic of Moldova: Problems, Strategies and Challenges

The Republic of Moldova is currently facing significant problems in terms of public administration, such as excessive bureaucracy, corruption, and low efficiency of public services. At the same time, there is a significant discrepancy between rural and urban areas, which negatively affects citizens’ access to public services delaying social and territorial cohesion. In this regard, analysing ways to optimize the administrative and territorial structure can be an important step in identifying the necessary administrative tools to improve citizens’ access to quality public services. This article proposes an analysis of the problems in the existing system of administrative-territorial organization in the Republic of Moldova and presents some visions on implementing the reform for territorial consolidation.

Transformation of the Territorial Structure of the Population of the Nizhny Novgorod Urban Agglomeration in 2019–2021

Transformation of the Territorial Structure of the Population of the Nizhny Novgorod Urban Agglomeration in 2019–2021