Knowledge Of Territory Research Articles

Mapuche Worldview, Territory, and Language: Narratives of Mapuche Speakers and Elders

This article addresses the relationship between worldview, territory, and language among the Mapuche people. Our research aims to explore, through the voices of Mapuche elders, the sociocultural, political, and territorial knowledge that guides the teaching and transmission of Mapuzugun to new generations. In alignment with the proposed objective, we have adopted a socio-critical approach to explore Mapuche identity through the territorial and communal dimensions that underpin linguistic revitalization. The findings reveal that the elders possess a vast source of knowledge, serving as primary cultural bearers through epistemology centered on the unity of language and territory.

Engineering indigenous dispossession and plantation slavery in the Southeast Gulf coast

In this paper we examine the activities of US Army topographers and engineers in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) watershed during the violent transformation of the region from the heartlands of the Creek confederacy to US territorial control. A vital waterway for the Creek in the late eighteenth century, the rivers would become an important transportation network in the US plantation economy by the early nineteenth century. We emphasize that the army made its initial infrastructural improvements in the region to provide security for the plantation system. Army engineering in the ACF watershed began in the struggle for the Gulf borderlands, as white American settlers, British forces, Indigenous peoples, and Black maroons fought for control over the contested terrain. US engineers and topographers produced territorial knowledge and physical infrastructure to facilitate the occupation of Indigenous territory and elimination of potential spaces of Black freedom. Topographic knowledge would later serve as the foundation for restructuring the land as property, naturalizing its possession by white plantation owners. Similarly, roads and waterway improvements, created to facilitate troop movements, would later serve as vital transportation infrastructure for settlement and expanding plantation slavery. This paper demonstrates how military engineering techniques designed to secure the Nation in the context of race war subsequently provided the coordinates for reorganizing the land within an emergent plantation economy inside its territorial borders.

Education and the Own Economy: What is Colombia Doing to Promote Economic Autonomy within the Framework of the Sdgs?

Objectives: The study establishes an analysis of the relationship between education and the economy as a starting point for addressing the SDGs. Theoretical Framework: In Latin America, despite the predominance of capitalism, alternative economic systems adapted to local contexts coexist. These economies stand out for the cooperation in communities to face specific challenges, respecting cultural traditions, the environment, and their own needs. They focus on collectivism and reciprocity, seeking not only survival, but also the preservation of values and ways of life. Adapting symbiotically to capitalism, these economies do not lose their essence and are characterized by their focus on the reproduction of life, community solidarity and the search for autonomy. Method: This document of reflection and documentary analysis reports the qualitative results of a research project on the teaching of Indigenous Economy in Latin American contexts. To obtain documents, a systemic literature review was proposed. However, given the complexity and novelty of the subject, a manual search of documents was necessary where specialized academic databases such as Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar were used. Results and Discussion: Education is key to preserving knowledge and practices of one's own economies over time, being essential to integrate the principles of alternative economies in school curricula as territorial knowledge necessary to strengthen. This facilitates the long-term sustainability of these economies and promotes more equitable and environmentally friendly development. Research Implications: This reflection article focuses on the bibliographic review and analysis of the contributions of Latin American authors on their own economies, emphasizing how these types of alternative economies are taught and the authors' perspectives in this regard. Originality/Value of the Research: The study is a fundamental contribution to research in terms of one's own economies, perspectives of economic autonomy and its relationship with education.

Contribution to Egypt’s Flora: new records from Nile Islands, South Valley, Egypt

The rate at which people are introducing species to formerly uninhabited places shows no signs of slowing down. Wild plants can roam freely across international borders. From September 2021 to June 2023, 45 field excursions were made to Egypt’s southern Nile Islands in the Aswan Governorate to undertake vegetation surveys. Depending on the literature reviewed and herbaria consulted during this study, three plant taxa, as well as one additional genus (Macroptilium), found during these field excursions were not previously recorded in the Egyptian Flora. These new records are Acanthospermum hispidum (Asteraceae), Geranium carolinianum (Geraniaceae), and Macroptilium atropurpureum (Fabaceae). These plants are classed as noxious weeds that harm agriculture. A complete description, occurrence and distribuion maps, plant photos and illustrations are provided. This study underlines the importance of carrying out extensive and ongoing research on the flora of Aswan’s Nile Islands to have a better knowledge of flowering plant distribution patterns. In addition, it might be regarded as a great starting point for expanding floristic knowledge of this interesting territory and its surroundings.

Neuroimaging of Neonatal Stroke: Venous Focus.

Perinatal venous infarcts are underrecognized clinically and at imaging. Neonates may be susceptible to venous infarcts because of hypercoagulable state, compressibility of the dural sinuses and superficial veins due to patent sutures, immature cerebral venous drainage pathways, and drastic physiologic changes of the brain circulation in the perinatal period. About 43% of cases of pediatric cerebral sinovenous thrombosis occur in the neonatal period. Venous infarcts can be recognized by ischemia or hemorrhage that does not respect an arterial territory. Knowledge of venous drainage pathways and territories can help radiologists recognize characteristic venous infarct patterns. Intraventricular hemorrhage in a term neonate with thalamocaudate hemorrhage should raise concern for internal cerebral vein thrombosis. A striato-hippocampal pattern of hemorrhage indicates basal vein of Rosenthal thrombosis. Choroid plexus hemorrhage may be due to obstruction of choroidal veins that drain the internal cerebral vein or basal vein of Rosenthal. Fan-shaped deep medullary venous congestion or thrombosis is due to impaired venous drainage into the subependymal veins, most commonly caused by germinal matrix hemorrhage in the premature infant and impeded flow in the deep venous system in the term infant. Subpial hemorrhage, an underrecognized hemorrhage stroke type, is often observed in the superficial temporal region, and its cause is probably multifactorial. The treatment of cerebral sinovenous thrombosis is anticoagulation, which should be considered even in the presence of intracranial hemorrhage. ©RSNA, 2024 Test Your Knowledge questions in the supplemental material and the slide presentation from the RSNA Annual Meeting are available for this article.

Heritage Sites, Devotion, and Quality Enhancement in Tourism: The Promotion and Management of Ancient Marian Places of Worship along the Appian Way in Puglia and Basilicata

Religious tourism is a significant and growing field of tourism that overlaps with cultural tourism. It has the potential to improve the quality of life of those who live in places of faith or along routes of spiritual interest. Religious tourism involves a complex interplay of spiritual and economic motivations. Effective religious tourism management requires respect for spiritual values, partnerships, local engagement, and quality assessment. Devotional practices have evolved from medieval spiritual care to communal expressions and periodic rituals. This paper specifically analysed the characteristics of the Marian cult and pilgrimage flows to places of Marian faith. It examined their value potential from a religious and cultural perspective and their role as a particular attractor of experiential and quality tourism generated by the territorial context. The area of reference is the region of Puglia, which has often played the role of cultural bridge with the eastern coasts of the Mediterranean in the past. The second part of the paper focuses on the proposed itinerary along the Appian Way in its final route between Puglia and Basilicata. Marian shrines were sometimes the cause and sometimes the evidence of the cultural and economic poles that characterised the medieval and modern variants of this ancient road route. The study outlines a serial path that integrates the usual settlement or infrastructural levels of territorial knowledge with the Marian theme, which was analysed diachronically. An operational track in the contemporary territorial dimension emerged from the correlation of both the stratigraphic reading of the landscape and the interpretation of material and immaterial cultural heritage. This track aims to aggregate and promote the sustainable rediscovery of those places, which are largely cut off from the routes of mass tourism, in adherence to the most recent European and local cultural and landscape guidelines.

Indigenous land-based education in Mexico: practices to perpetuate communal knowledge of territory

The text analyzes school practices based on territory, Indigenous knowledge and communal life carried out by teachers, students and elders in Indigenous schools in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. Based on ethnographic data from 2014 and 2022 in Indigenous middle schools at the North Sierra of Oaxaca is presented the centrality of territory, relationality, respect and reciprocity in school life; mainly through walks through the community, drawings and texts created by the students and interviews with elders. The intention is to discuss the possibilities of land-based education as a way of perpetuating communal knowledge of territory as a form of Indigenous peoples’ resistance.

3-Dimensional Subcortical Vascular Maps (P11-5.003)

<h3>Objective:</h3> Create accessible and accurate 3-dimensional subcortical vascular maps. <h3>Background:</h3> Accurate knowledge of cerebral vascular territories forms the basis of all stroke care, yet there are major shortcomings in how neurology residents learn these vascular territories. The current standard maps are (a) difficult to interpret, especially with regard to subcortical territories, (b) 2-dimensional, which limit their structural precision and clinical applicability, and (c) difficult to access, which prompts learners to hunt through online searches that frequently result in inaccurate images. These shortcomings undermine both education and clinical practice. To address this, we constructed 3-dimensional vascular maps of the lenticulostriate vascular distribution. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> Using the free software MRIcroGL,12 lenticulostriate strokes were manually drawn on acute DWI scans and then normalized to a standard brain template (MNI-152). We only included strokes that precisely matched the topography of the lenticulostriate territory, based on the vascular atlas of Takahashi. The stroke volumes were then superimposed to create stroke density maps in which color denotes the frequency of infarction at each voxel. <h3>Results:</h3> The resultant 3-dimensional map shows the spatial distribution of infarct frequency within the lenticulostriate territory. The map displays the most commonly affected core, as well as the territory’s typical shape, boundaries, and variability. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> The lenticulostriate territory map can be used for teaching or clinical reference. The map can be explored 3-dimensionally online or can be downloaded for viewing on MRIcroGL. Consistent with multi-modal learning theory, trainees’ learning and understanding of vascular territories will be optimized when exposed to maps that allow for 3-dimensional visual and kinesthetic exploration. Thus, the maps will improve the trainee’s ability to master vascular territory knowledge and also provide a valuable and accessible reference map for practicing neurologists. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Ladsaria has nothing to disclose. Ms. Islam has nothing to disclose. Dr. Antoniello has nothing to disclose.

Open Map

Maps are preeminent ways of collecting, organising, verifying, historicising, and even mystifying territorial knowledge. They embrace a multiplicity of readings and readers, and mediate between the visible and the invisible. In constant re-definition, maps transform and maximise themselves by connecting different layers of information and initiating uninterrupted performances. Without delineating a fixed meaning, maps respond to the city’s openness via diversity, incompleteness, and unpredictability. New developments in computer science and information technologies have turned maps into grittier models that define the new granular front of the open map. This article studies open maps in terms of participation and multiplicity, part and whole relationships, and resolution vis-à-vis Jasper Johns’s paintings, Buckminster Fuller’s Dymaxion Map and the World Game, and the MIT’s Real-time Rome project.

Territorial Knowledge Dynamics and Governance of Industry Networks: A Systematic Quantitative Review of Empirical Literature

Despite the impacts of globalization and market liberalization on economic development, factors such as location, space, industrial agglomeration, and local knowledge remain strong determinants of innovation performance and adaptive capacity in regional economies. The role of networks and institutions in knowledge sharing and innovation is therefore of paramount importance in analyzing regional development and has received significant academic attention accordingly. This review discusses trends and developments in a growing body of empirical research investigating these issues. The aim is to highlight some of the gaps between empirical research, policy relevance, and practical impact by focusing on the crucial but underdeveloped theoretical contributions of network governance approaches.

Communicating innovation and sustainability in family businesses through successions

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) contribute significantly to the economy despite the survival rate becomes lower through generations. This study aims to develop a communication model suitable for SMEs during succession for innovation and business sustainability. Nine innovative manufacturing family SMEs in Thailand are selected using assembled multiple-case study method, and in-depth individual interviews are conducted using data triangulation method which the incumbents, successors, and long-serving non-family employees as participants from each business. There are two main findings. Issues regarding organizational innovation, social capital in the form of internal and external network relationships, traditional and territorial knowledge, succession planning and procedure, and sustainability-driven mindset should be communicated, formally or informally, during the succession process. Secondly, the incumbent’s contradiction between his intention and action, the successor’s ability and willingness, and the staff’s response to changes during the succession process, are the main communication barriers against achieving innovation and sustainability. By implementing the communication model to the family business, the incumbents and successors can maximize the business’s structure and resources to be better understood throughout the firm with the business maintaining or reinterpreting its cultures, values, and traditions to the next generation. The model allows family businesses to have better awareness in terms of innovation management, social capital, innovation with their background knowledge as capital, succession, and business sustainability. Successful communication of the topics and concepts during succession should raise the standard and competitiveness of family businesses domestically and internationally.

Better to Divorce than Be Widowed: The Role of Mortality and Environmental Heterogeneity in the Evolution of Divorce.

AbstractDespite widespread interest in the evolution and implications of monogamy across taxa, less attention-especially theoretical-has been paid toward understanding the evolution of divorce (ending a socially monogamous pairing to find a new partner). Here, we develop a model of the evolution of divorce by females in a heterogeneous environment, where females assess territory quality as a result of their breeding success. Divorce results in females leaving poor territories disproportionally more often than good territories, while death of a partner occurs independent of territory quality, giving an advantage to divorce. Increasing environmental heterogeneity, a decreasing benefit of pair experience, and moderate survival rates favor the evolution of higher divorce rates, even in the absence of variance in individual quality and knowledge of available territories. Imperfect information about territory quality constrains the evolution of divorce, typically favoring divorce strategies that remain faithful to one's partner whenever successful reproduction occurs. Our model shows how feedbacks between divorce, widowhood, and the availability of territories are intricately linked in determining the evolutionary advantage of divorce. We detail testable predictions about populations that should be expected to divorce at high rates.

Sea Country: Plurality and knowledge of saltwater territories in Indigenous Australian contexts

AbstractThere are distinct bodies of cultural knowledge attached to the sea. In this paper we orient the focus towards the nature and extent of cultural framings of sea territories, as inclusive of submerged landscapes, for Indigenous maritime peoples in northern Australia. This approach is distinguished by a pluralist methodology and reorients the primal focus of a human geography and broader geographical scholarship concerning submerged landscapes to begin with an Indigenous perspective. Engaging ethnographic accounts of Indigenous Australian knowledges of Sea Country, as inclusive of ancient pre‐inundation landscapes that lie out‐of‐sight on Australia's continental shelves, highlights the potential for a more expansive vision of human connections to the past and present continental landmass of Australia. Indigenous oral traditions, Dreaming Ancestor narratives and songlines provide extensive detail to assist in understanding these parts of the greater Australian landmass and in this paper are brought into relation with recent sea floor mapping efforts which operate to draw back the water and reveal commensurable geographies upon which to envision possibilities for socialised realms of human emplacement. Both bodies of knowledge generate information of submerged landscapes that call for an expansion of thinking on where the land ends and the sea begins and how submerged terrestrial landscapes are understood across cultures as part of human geography. The approach outlined here calls for a habit of bringing principled systems of understanding to stand together as part of an explanatory schema for a world populated by and yet differentially known by people.

Desertification and Degradation Risks vs Poverty: A Key Topic in Mediterranean Europe

Land degradation and, subsequently, desertification processes are conditioned by biophysical factors and human impacts. Nowadays, there is an increasing interest by social scientists to assess its implications. Especially, it is relevant to the potential changes and landscape deterioration on population, economic systems and feedbacks of local societies to such adjustments. Assessing social facets should also be related to desertification risks, integrated socio-economic inputs and environmentally sustainable development perspectives. However, investigations about the effects of land degradation conditioned by global socioeconomic-factors from a holistic point of view are scarce. In this review, we pretend to discuss past and recent findings on land degradation risks related to poverty, especially based on Mediterranean Europe. To achieve this goal, we focused on key socioeconomic forces such as developmental policy, production and market structure, social change and population mobility. Our review showed that regional disparities based on complex dynamics of demographic forces (e.g. migration, fertility and ageing) and economic drivers of change (e.g. industrial concentration, urbanization, crop intensification, tourism pressure, coastalization) are keys to understand Mediterranean regions such as Southern Italy, a region exposed to high desertification risk in Europe. We concluded that the overexploitation of territories, soil and water degradation urban expansion, tourism and unplanned industrialization are some sectors and activities which can be highly affected by political and socioeconomic forces leading to unsustainable forms of land management and types of development. Special attention should be paid to social policies, education and training schemes to reduce rural migration and potentiate territorial knowledge to avoid land degradation, considering other social issues such as poverty or centralization. The potential role of win-win policies abating poverty and reducing desertification risk is evident in Mediterranean Europe and achieving land degradation neutrality necessary.

Territorializing spatial data: Controlling land through One Map projects in Indonesia and Myanmar

Once confined to paper, national cartographic projects increasingly play out through spatial data infrastructures such as software programs and smartphones. Across the Global South, foreign donor-funded digital platforms emphasize transparency, accountability and data sharing while echoing colonial projects that consolidated state-based territorial knowledge. This article brings political geography scholarship on state and counter-mapping together with new work on the political ecology of data to highlight a contemporary dimension of territorialization, one in which state actors seek to consolidate and authorize national geospatial information onto digital platforms. We call attention to the role of data infrastructures in contemporary resource control, arguing that territorializing data both extends state territorialization onto digital platforms and, paradoxically, provides new avenues for non-state actors to claim land. Drawing on interviews, document review, and long-term fieldwork, we compare the origins, institutionalization and realization of Indonesia and Myanmar's ‘One Map’ projects. Both projects aimed to create a government-managed online spatial data platform, building on national mapping and management traditions while responding to new international incentives, such as climate change mitigation in Indonesia and good democratic governance in Myanmar. While both projects encountered technical difficulties and evolved during implementation, different national histories and political trajectories resulted in the embrace and expansion of the program in Indonesia but reluctant participation and eventual crisis in Myanmar. Together, these cases show how spatial data infrastructures can both extend state control over space and offer opportunities for contesting or reimagining land and nation, even as such infrastructures remain embedded in local power relations.

External Knowledge Linkages and the Evolution of Comparative Advantage: An Examination of Territorial Knowledge Dynamics in China

In the era of the knowledge economy with the superfluidity of information, labor, and goods, the ability to establish external knowledge linkages has become an indispensable asset for the development of regional industries. Based on the assumption that knowledge spillovers decay with distance, several existing studies have explored the role of neighboring regions in local industrial upgrading. Meanwhile, a small but growing literature has explored the evolution of regional comparative advantage from the perspective of multi-location territorial knowledge dynamics (TKDs), exploring multi-locational knowledge interactions (including proximity interactions and distance interactions) and their regional economic effects in the process of knowledge flows. Inspired by the literature on multi-location TKDs, this paper examines two hypotheses: (1) In addition to local capabilities, external knowledge linkages also have a positive effect on local industrial upgrading; (2) the stronger the knowledge linkages, the more similar the regional comparative advantage. Through an analysis of data on authorized patent citation and the two-digit manufacturing industry from Chinese cities in 2011 and 2016, we find that the knowledge flow networks among Chinese cities are characterized by strong external knowledge linkages to both adjacent and distant regions. Further analysis reveals that a particular Chinese city has a higher probability of developing comparative advantages if it maintains strong knowledge linkages with a city specialized in the same industry. In addition, the comparative advantages of regions with strong knowledge linkages are more similar than regions with weak knowledge linkages.

Mainstreaming climate resilience: A GIS-based methodology to cope with cloudbursts in Turin, Italy

Cities play an increasingly significant role in the challenges posed by climate change, mainly due to their role in economic and demographic drivers. It is generally agreed that the intensification of climate change effects, such as extreme weather events, requires strengthening in the mechanisms of adaptation and the endogenous self-organization of urban systems. An operative way to adapt is by mainstreaming climate resilience, i.e., the iterative process of integrating climate change considerations into policymaking, budgeting, implementation, and monitoring processes at national and subnational levels. This paper falls under this heading, and it aims at building an innovative methodology to experiment with data-driven approaches to support the resilient transition of the city of Turin in Italy. The process aims to create territorial knowledge of specific weather phenomenon, that cloudburst events are, by filling the gap of existing hazard information with original vulnerability datasets. The proposed approach will create a hydraulic vulnerability map by identifying cloudburst vulnerable areas with a GIS-based spatial overlay. The paper will employ an array of datasets combined with original modelling techniques elaborated with the help of the open-source InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs) software program. The results allow us to understand what would happen if the urban water network failed to discharge during a phenomenon of intense rain and, consequently, which city areas should undergo adaptation and transformation to reduce their flooding vulnerability.

Small and Medium Enterprises in Mexico and the Craft Beer Sector in Baja California: Dynamic Capabilities, Culture, and Innovation

This article studies how Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) operating in emerging economies implement adaptative strategies to respond to constant changes in demand and global uncertainties, such as those stemming from the current SARS-COV2 pandemic. In this study the knowledge management capabilities used by SMEs in the craft beer sector in a region of northern Mexico are the focus of analysis. The objective is to present the competitive capabilities that craft beer sector has demonstrated in Baja California region and how small companies compete with the national industrial brewery and survive. Sources are data from a sample of companies and interviews with brewery owners, with which the analysis approaches, also, the Baja California business environment. The article highlights the routes of creativity, innovation, and symbolic capital of the companies in the region, and uses ideas from dynamic capabilities and knowledge management theoretical frameworks, to understand the craft brewery milieu. The conclusions in this article include the confirmation about the usefulness of these analytical frameworks based in the capabilities approach and the territorial knowledge. Also, the description of the existence of a complex Baja Californian milieu, where a multimodal scheme of craft beer characterized by different places of distribution and types of beer container, food-districts, at Mexicali, Tijuana, and Ensenada and a second generation of entrepreneur groups leading local business, is identified.

Анализ гравиметрической изученности территории Новосибирской области по данным наземных измерений

The aim of the work is the analysis of the gravimetric knowledge of the Novosibirsk Region territory based on ground-based measurements presented as mixed gravity anomalies makes it possible to as-sess the reliability and quality of information about the characteristics of the Earth's gravitational field and use it to solve problems of the economy and the defense capability of the state, taking into account the demand and accuracy range. The results of gravity acceleration measurements on the territory of the Novosibirsk region and its immediate surroundings (in the hundred-kilometer zone – the territory of the Tomsk, Omsk, Kemerovo regions and Altai Territory) were obtained from the archives of the Federal State Institution "TFGI for the Siberian Federal District". Archival data of the gravity surveys results were digitized, systematized and analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the gravimetric study of the territory of the Novosibirsk region. The results of the gravimetric information analysis are presented in the form of cartograms. The paper compares ground-based gravimetric information for the study area with the data of the modern global geopotential model XGM2019e_2159. The root mean square error of the discrepancy between the model data and ground information is 3.8 mGal in the range of differences from +14 to -12 mGal. The results of the study allow us to conclude that it is possible to use ground-based gravimetric measurements obtained in the study area for regional modeling of the characteristics of the gravitational field

Аляска – Сибирь – трансконтинентальный воздушный мост Великой Отечественной войны (1941–1945 гг.) и его геопространственное обеспечение советскими геодезистами и картографами

The purpose of the article is to find out the determining role and basic content of geospatial support of legendary airline Alaska – Siberia in the period of Great Patriotic War (1941–1945), its scientific and practical foundations, created in the period of prewar development of domestic geodesy, its organization structures, ensuring proper level of topographic and geodetic territorial knowledge of the country, and also scientific and industrial culture of its development. One of the most important objects of geo-spatial support in the prewar and initial period of the Second World War was the Alaska-Siberia transcontinental air bridge, which became the result and symbol of the military cooperation between the USSR and the USA, which delivered in the period 1942–1945 to Soviet Air Force about 10 thousand fighters, bombers and transport aircrafts, which played a huge and victorious role in the Second World War. The prewar achievements of Soviet geodesy and cartography in the field of topographic and geodetic knowledge of the country, minimization of "white spots" in the areas of the future air route, problems and solutions in relation to surveys, design and construction of airfields, which determined the required network of AlSib nodal points, are characterized. A number of names of participants in the creation of the route have been identified, among which, in particular, Safronov Sergey Niko-laevich, a surveyor engineer, later a well-known teacher and scientist, associate professor of NIIGAiK – SSGA, now SSUGT, was named.